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+worked Examples For Eurocode 2 Final - DeF080723 (SL 16 09 08) - Potporni Zidovi+
+worked Examples For Eurocode 2 Final - DeF080723 (SL 16 09 08) - Potporni Zidovi+
WORKED EXAMPLES
EUROCODE 2
WORKED EXAMPLES
summary
Table of Content
summary
EXAMPLE 6.9. THICK SHORT CORBEL, a<Z/2 [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5] ............................................................................... 6-18
EXAMPLE 6.10 THICK CANTILEVER BEAM, A>Z/2 [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5] ........................................................................ 6-21
EXAMPLE 6.11 GERBER BEAM [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5] .................................................................................................... 6-24
EXAMPLE 6.12 PILE CAP [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5]............................................................................................................. 6-28
EXAMPLE 6.13 VARIABLE HEIGHT BEAM [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5] .................................................................................... 6-32
EXAMPLE 6.14. 3500 KN CONCENTRATED LOAD [EC2 CLAUSE 6.5] ........................................................................ 6-38
EXAMPLE 6.15 SLABS, [EC2 CLAUSE 5.10 6.1 6.2 7.2 7.3 7.4] ................................................................... 6-40
Table of Content
2-6
EQU - (static equilibrium of rigid body: verification of global stability to heave and sliding) (Set A)
Only that part of the embankment beyond the foundation footing is considered for the
verification of global stability to heave and sliding (Fig. 2.9).
1.1Sk,terr + 0.9(Gk,wall + Gk,terr) + 1.5Sk,sovr
Fig. 2.9. Actions for EQU ULS verification of a retaining wall in reinforced concrete
Table of Content
2-7
For brevity, only cases in relation with case b), i.e. with surcharge acting on the whole surface
of embankment, are given below.
The following figures show loads in relation to the combinations obtained with Set B partial
safety factors.
Table of Content
Fig. 2.11. Actions for GEO/STR ULS verification of a retaining wall in reinforced concrete.
Table of Content
2-8
2-9
Approach 2
Set B is used.
Approach 3
Factors from Set C for geotechnical actions and from Set B for other actions are used in one
calculation.
1.0Sk,terr + 1.0Gk,wall + 1.0Gk,terr + 1.3Qk,sovr + 1.3Sk,sovr
1.0Sk,terr + 1.35Gk,wall + 1.35Gk,terr + 1.3Qk,sovr + 1.3Sk,sovr
1.0Sk,terr + 1.0Gk,wall + 1.35Gk,terr + 1.3Qk,sovr + 1.3Sk,sovr
1.0Sk,terr + 1.35Gk,wall + 1.0Gk,terr + 1.3Qk,sovr + 1.3Sk,sovr
A numeric example is given below.
EXAMPLE 2.5. Concrete retaining wall: global stability and ground resistance
verifications [EC2 clause 2.4]
The assumption is initially made that the surcharge acts only on the part of embankment
beyond the foundation footing.
Fig. 2.12.Wall dimensions and actions on the wall (surcharge outside the foundation footing).
=18 kN/m3
=30
Ka = 0.33
=0
Pk,wall = 0.30 2.50 25 = 18.75 kN/m
Pk,foot = 0.50 2.50 25 = 31.25 kN/m
Gk,wall = Pk,wall + Pk,foot = 18.75 + 31.25 = 50 kN/m
self weight of ground above footing: Gk,ground = 18 2.50 1.70 = 76.5 kN/m
surcharge on embankment:
Qk,surch =10 kN/m2
ground horizontal force:
Sk,ground = 26.73 kN/m
surcharge horizontal force:
Sk,surch = 9.9 kN/m
weight density:
angle of shearing resistance:
factor of horiz. active earth pressure:
wall-ground interface friction angle:
self-weight of wall:
self-weight of footing:
Table of Content
2-10
Verification to Overturning
overturning moment
moment from ground lateral force (G=1.1): MS,ground = 1.1(26.733.00/3) = 29.40 kNm/m
moment from surcharge lateral force (Q=1.5): MS,surch = 1.5 (9.90 1.50) = 22.28 kNm/m
overturning moment: Mrib = 29.40 + 22.28 = 51.68 kNm/m
stabilizing moment
Mstab,wall = 0.9(18.750.65) = 10.97 kNm/m
moment wall self-weight (G=0.9):
moment footing self-weight (G=0.9):
Mstab,foot = 0.9(31.251.25) = 35.16 kNm/m
Mstab,ground = 0.9(76.51.65) = 113.60 kNm/m
moment ground self-weight (G=0.9):
stabilizing moment: Mstab = 10.97 + 35.16 + 113.60 = 159.73 kNm/m
safety factor to global stability
FS = Mstab/Mrib = 159.73/51.68 = 3.09
2-11
fourth combination
1.35Sk,terr + 1.35Gk,wall + 1.0Gk,terr + 1.5Qk,sovr + 1.5Sk,sovr
the contact pressure on ground is calculated,
combinations, as follows:
moment vs. centre of mass of the footing
moment from ground lateral force (G=1.35):
moment from surcharge lateral force (Q=1.5):
moment from wall self-weight (G=1.0):
moment from footing self-weight (G=1.0):
moment from ground self-weight (G=1.0):
Fig. 2.13. Dimensions of the retaining wall of the numeric example with surcharge on the whole embankment.
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2-12
Table 2.2. Max pressure for four different combinations of partial factors of permanent loads
Combination
MS,ground
(kNm/m)
MS,surch
(kNm/m)
Mwall
(kNm/m)
Mground
(kNm/m)
Mtot
(kNm/m)
Pwall
(kN/m)
Pfoot
(kN/m)
Pground
(kN/m)
Ptot
(kN/m)
eccentricity (m)
pressure on ground (kN/m2)
third
36.08
(Q=1.35)
22.28
(Q=1.5)
11.25
(G=1.0)
-41.31
(G=1.35)
fourth
36.08
(Q=1.35)
22.28
(Q=1.5)
15.19
(G=1.35)
-30.60
(G=1.0)
39.01
32.24
28.30
42.95
18.75
(G=1.0)
31.25
(G=1.0)
76.50
(G=1.0)
25.31
(G=1.35)
42.19
(G=1.35)
103.28
(G=1.35)
18.75
(G=1.0)
31.25
(G=1.0)
103.28
(G=1.35)
25.31
(G=1.35)
42.19
(G=1.35)
76.50
(G=1.0)
126.50
170.78
153.28
144
0.31
88.05
0.19
99.26
0.18
88.48
0.30
98.83
Table 2.3. Max pressure on ground for four different combinations of partial factors of permanent loads
Combination
MS,ground
(kNm/m)
MS,surch
(kNm/m)
Mwall
(kNm/m)
Mground
(kNm/m)
Msurch
(kNm/m)
Mtot
(kNm/m)
Pwall
(kN/m)
Pfoot
(kN/m)
Pterr
(kN/m)
Psurch
(kN/m)
Ptot
(kN/m)
eccentricity (m)
pressure on ground (kN/m2)
fourth
36.08
(Q=1.35)
22.28
(Q=1.5)
15.19
(G=1.35)
-30.60
(G=1.0)
-10.20
(Q=1.5)
28.81
22.04
18.10
32.75
18.75
(G=1.0)
31.25
(G=1.0)
76.50
(G=1.0)
25.50
(Q=1.5)
25.31
(G=1.35)
42.19
(G=1.35)
103.28
(G=1.35)
25.50
(Q=1.5)
18.75
(G=1.0)
31.25
(G=1.0)
103.28
(G=1.35)
25.50
(Q=1. 5)
25.31
(G=1.35)
42.19
(G=1.35)
76.50
(G=1.0)
25.50
(Q=1.5)
152.0
196.28
178.78
169.50
0.19
88.46
0.11
99.67
0.10
88.89
0.19
99.24
The two additional lines, not present in Table 1.18 and here highlighted in bold, correspond to the moment and to the vertical
load resulting from the surcharge above the footing.
The max pressure on ground is achieved once again for the second combination and its value
is here higher than the one calculated in the previous scheme.
Table of Content