Vibration & Noise

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Introduction The information below relates to natrural frequency of traverse vibration. The units for the various parameters must be consistent. i.e for metric calculations length is m, force = N, mass = kg. etc. It can be shown that the critical whirling speed for a shaft is equal to the fundamental frequency of transverse vibration. Background notes showing how the natural frequencies are derived and the relationship to the shaft whirling velcities are found at Derivation of Natural Frequencies For members of excelcalcs.com I have created a set of spreadsheet calcs based on the equation below ref. ExcelCalcs.com calculation Shafts -Natural Frequencies / Whirling speeds

Nomenclature The units below relate to application of the equations using SI metric values L = Length (m) m = mass/Unit length (kg/m) M = Mass of Disk (kg) E = Youngs Modulus (N/m2 f = frequency of vibration /whirling frequency (Hz= cycles/s) g= acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2) I = Area Moment of Inertia (m4) G = Torsional Modulus (N.m-2) s = Shaft torsional stiffness = GJa/L (Nm.rad) J = Shaft polar moment of inertia (m4) JM1, JM2,JM3...= polar moment of inertia of disc mass = MX.k2 (X= 1,2,3...)(kg.m2) k = radius of gyration of disc (m) y = deflection (m) It can be shown that the critical whirling speed for a shaft is equal to the fundamental frequency of transverse vibration.

g = accelaration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2 ). y = static deflection at mass The values for natural frequencies relate to cycle/unit time. The higher harmonic modes are not listed. To obtain values for radians/s multiply values by 2. . Fundamental Natural Frequencies of Beams (bending) and Shafts (Torsion)
n in

Cantilevered Beam

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Mode K

1 3,52

2 22,0

3 61,7

4 121

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "a long bearing /bearing proving substantial angular support e.g. needle bearings"

Simply Supported Beam

Mode K

1 9,87

2 39,5

3 88,8

4 158

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "short bearings providing little angular restraint e.g a spherical ball bearing" Beam with fixed ends

Mode K

1 22,4

2 61,7

3 121,0

4 200

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "a long bearing /bearing proving substantial angular support e.g. needle bearings" Beam with one end fixed and one end Simply Supported

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Vibration & Noise

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Mode K

1 15,4

2 50

3 104

4 178

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "a long bearing /bearing proving substantial angular support e.g. needle bearings" and a short bearing providing little angular support e.g a spherical ball bearing

Mass on Cantilever beam Note: Assume beam of negligible mass

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "a long bearing /bearing proving substantial angular support e.g. needle bearings"

Central mass on Simply supported beam Note: Assume beam of negligible mass

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "short bearings providing little angular restraint e.g a spherical ball bearing"

Mass on Simply supported beam. Off-Centre Note: Assume beam of negligible mass

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Vibration & Noise

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Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "short bearings providing little angular restraint e.g a spherical ball bearing"

Multiple Mass on beam

Note: if equation used for whirling speed assume rotating member is supported using "short bearings providing little angular restraint e.g a spherical ball bearing"

Formula for Combined Loading

Mass on Cantilevered Shaft In Torsion The following two examples identify the natural torsional frequency of shafts with heavy disks on the ends. Note: Assume shaft of negligible mass

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Shaft with mass at both ends Note: Assume shaft of negligible mass

Whirling of shafts When a shaft rotates at a speed equal to the natural frequency of traverse vibration, it results in vibratons at this frequency which becomes large and this is identified as shaft whirling. This also occurs at multiples of the resonant frequency......It must be noted that a Perfectly balanced shaft will not whirl at any speed Additional notes on this topic are found at Natural Frequencies to Traverse Vibrations- Whirling

Links to shaft Vibrations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tutorial - Forced Vibrations ...A very useful set of notes on the subject. EAR_Online ...E A R Speciality Composites- Including Useful Article Taylor Devices ... Taylor Devices Free Techical Papers Literature on Vibration, Shock, Damping, Isolation.. Euro Bearings ...Product information on Vibrations Dampers. Noisenet ...Some interesting and easy to follow notes- Sponsered by Martex

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Home Page Vibrations Index Page Please Send Comments to Roy Beardmore Last Updated 13/05/2012

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29/05/2012