A Paper Presentation on

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
IN

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
[EC 05]

AT

TECHFEST-07 (A NATIONAL LEVEL TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM)

SIR C. R. REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

BY, SOWJANYA.K 650555064 RADHA.K 650555047

III / IV ECE SIR C.R. REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ELURU .

Abstract:
Imagine the world with out wires and cables. Is this possible? Yes this can be possible with the implementation of a new technology in wireless communication called BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY. Bluetooth is a method for data communication that used short-range radio links to replace cables between computers and their connected units. Industry-wide Bluetooth promises very substantial benefits for wireless network operations, end workers and content developers of exciting new applications. This article delves into the implementation and architecture of Bluetooth. It also describes the functional overview and applications of Bluetooth. Bluetooth specifications are specified. Intercommunication between units in different piconets is explained. The article also describes the attacks on Bluetooth devices. A slight overview of the Bluetooth chip (STLC 2500A) is also presented. Applications of Bluetooth in brief and connecting a smartphone with a Bluetooth GPS receiver .

Introduction:
The term BLUETOOTH refers to an open specification for a technology to enable short-range wireless voice and data communication anywhere in the world. Bluetooth is a latest standard for wireless connectivity with supporters mostly from the PC and cell phone industries. Not surprisingly, it is primary marker for data and voice transfer between communication devices and PCs. In the way, it is similar in purpose to the IrDA protocol. Bluetooth, however, is a radio frequency (RI) technology utilizing the unlicensed 2.5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Target applications include PC and peripheral networking, hidden computing, and data synchronization such as for address bookstand calendars. Other applications could include home networking and home applications of the future such as smart appliances, heating systems, and entertainment devices. Industrial automation is also one of the major applications of Bluetooth

technology.

Bluetooth history:
Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by L.M. Ericsson of Sweden. The standard is named after Harald Blaatand Bluetooth II. King of Denmark 940-985AD. Some histories say that the name is attributed to: Haralds dark complexion. Harald controlled Denmark and Norway. Harald thinks and cellular phones should seamlessly communicate. Harald was known for teeth of a bluish hue resulting from his fondness for blueberries. The bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was founded by Ericsson. IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba in February 1998 to develop as open specification for shortrange wireless connectivity. The group is now also promoted by 3 Com. Microsoft. Lucent and Motorola more than 1900 companies have joined the SIG.

Bluetooth Logo:

A trademark owned by telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Sweden . The following section describes some of the requirements for the Bluetooth system and in essence suggests the functionalities planned for it.

Why Bluetooth?
Bluetooth attempts to provide significant advantages over other data transfer technologies, such as Ir DA and Home RF, vying for similar markets. Ir DA is already popular in PC peripherals, but is severely limited by the short connection distance of 1 m and the line-or-sight requirement for communication. Due to its RF nature,

Bluetooth is not subset to such limitations. In addition to wireless device connections up to 10m (up to 100 m if he transmitters power is increased), devices used not be within line of sight and may even connect through walls or other nonmetal objects. This allows for applications such as a cell phone in a pocket or a briefcase acting as a modem for laptop or PDA. Bluetooth is designed to be low cost, inventorially under $ 10/unit. Finally, Blue tooths main strength is its ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions. It is capable of supporting on asynchronous data channel and up to three synchronous voice channels, or one channel supporting both voice and data. This capability combined with ad hoc device connection and automatic service discovery make it a superior solutions for mobile devices and Internet applications. This combination allows such innovative solutions as a mobile hands- free headset for voice calls, print to fax capability, and automatically synchronizing PDA, laptop and cell phone address book applications.

Bluetooth specifications:
Connection type MAC scheme Spectrum Modulation Transmission Power Aggregate data rate Range Supported stations Voice channels Data security-authentication key Data security-encryption key Spread spectrum FH-COM 2.4 GHz ISM Gaussian frequency shift keying 1mw-100mw 1Mbps 30ft 12 devices 3 128 bit key 8-128 bits(configurable)

BLUETOOTH SINGLE CHIP: [STLC2500A]

Standard TFBG84 pins package:

Architecture overview:
Bluetooth link control hardware, integrated as either one-chip or radio module and a base-band module, implements the RF, base-band, and link manager portions of the Bluetooth specifications. This hardware handles radio transmission and reception as well as required digital signal processing for the base band protocol. Its functions include establishing connections, support for asynchronous (data) and synchronous (voice) links, error correction, and authentication. The link manager firmware provided with the base band CPU performs low-level device discovery, link setup, authentication, and link configuration. Link managers on separate devices communicate using the Link Management Protocol, which utilizes the services of the underlying link controller (base band). The link control hardware may also provide a host controller interface (HCL) as a standard interface to the software. Wireless signal
Host Bluetooth hardware High-level driver Baseband control firmware Link manager firmware

HCL
HCL driver

HCL Firmware
Transport layer USB, Rs-232 UART)

Transport
Transport firmware

Physical bus hardware

Network Topology:
Bluetooth devices are generally organized into groups of two to eight devices called Pico nets consisting of a single master device and one or more slave devices. A device may additionally belong to more than one piconet, either as a slave in both or as a master of one piconet and a slave in another. These bridge devices effectively connect Pico nets into a scatter net. A diagram of a Bluetooth scatter net: Intercommunication between units in different piconets:

Fig: Piconets & Scatternets

Master-Slave:
Master: Device in piconet whose clock and hopping sequence are used to synchronize all other devices (slaves) in the piconet. It also carries out paging procedure and also connection establishment. Slave: Units within the piconet that are synchronized to the master via its clock and hopping sequence. After connection establishment , slaves are assigned a temporary 3 bit member address to reduce the number of addressing bits required.

Software Protocols:
Transport Protocol Group: (1)Radio Frequency(RF): sending and receiving modulated bit streams (2)Base band: Defines the timing, framing. Flow control on the link. (3)Link Manager: Managing the connections Enforcing fairness among slaves Power management.

(4)Logical link control & adaptation control Handles multiplexing of higher level protocols Segmentation & reassembly of large packets Device discovery & QoS . Middleware Protocol Group:

(1)Service discovery protocol(SDP): Means for applications to discover device info, services

and its characteristics. (2)TCP/IP: Network protocols for packet data communication, routing. (3)RFCOMM: Cable replacement protocol , emulation of serial ports over wireless network.

Service Discovery Protocol:

The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provides a means to determine which Bluetooth services are available on a particular device. A blue tooth device may act as an SDP client querying services, an SDP server providing services, or both. SDP provides access only to information about services; utilization of those services must be provided via another Bluetooth or third-party protocol. In addition, SDP provides no notification mechanism to indicate that an SDP server, or any specific service, has become available or unavailable as may occur when the service available on a device change, or when a device comes in or out of RF proximity. This would be a common occurrence in a network supporting mobile devices.

Piconet:
(1)Point-to-point link: Master-slave relationship. Bluetooth devices can function as master or slave.

(2) Piconet: It is the network formed by a master and one or more slaves (max 7). Each piconet is defined by a different hopping channel to which users synchronize to. Each piconet has maximum capacity(1 Mbps). Hopping pattern is determined by the master.

Piconet Structure:

APPLICATIONS:
The industrial, scientific and medical (IPM), RF band within which Bluetooth operates is shared by several wireless technologies. (1) MEDICAL FIELD: Bluetooth opens u p many possibilities for medical devices to

communicate & facilitate health care provides access to essential information. Some devices monitor. (2) FILE TRANSFER: This profile is defined to access the directory and file structure of a remote device, for read & write access by server and client. A typical application of the File Transfer is a wireless browser. include patient-worn pulse oximeter and a portable patient

(3) A SMART PHONE WITH BLUETOOTH GPS RECEIVER:

Bluetooth Today and Tomorrow:

With the bulk of the work developing the Bluetooth specification complete, the Bluetooth SIG in now working on improvements and analyzing feedback from the industry. In addition to their work investigating improvements in sped security, noise immunity, and so on the SIG continues to develop Bluetooth profiles. Together with other industry initiatives, such as WAP and Symian, Bluetooth will have tremendous effects on everybody life. Bluetooth is one of the key technologies that can make the mobile information society possible blurring the boundaries between home, office and outside world.

Conclusion:
In the future Bluetooth is likely to be standard in tens of millions of mobile phones, PCs laptops and a whole range of other electronic devices. As a result, the market is going to demand new innovative applications. The medical devices & medical information management products will benefit from the advantages provided by Bluetooth wireless technology. The possibilities opened up really are limitless and because the radio frequency used is globally available. Bluetooth can offer fast and secure access to wireless connectivity all over the world. With potential like that it is no wonder that Bluetooth is set to become the fastest adopted technology in history.

Bibliography:
1) M Albrecht et al., IP Services Over Bluetooth: Leading the Way to a New Mobility, IEEE Local Comp. Net., 1999, pp. 22 11. 2) O. Miklos et al., Performance Aspects of Bluetooth Scatternet Formation 1st Mobihoc, Aug. 2000 pp. 147 48.

3) P. Bhanwat, L. Tassiulas, and R. LaMaire, Distributed Topology Construction of Bluetooth Personal Area Network IEEE INFOCOM 2001, Tel Aviv, Israle, Mar. 2000 . 4) Antnan Giousouf , BLUETOOTH SECURITY.