Bedford Union Armory Report Final

1907
BEDFORD
ARMORY
UNION
THE BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY:
VISION OF A NEIGHBORHOOD ANCHOR
Patrick Hess
Aaron Meyerson
Emily Osgood
Joanna Reynolds
Lisa Roberts
May 7, 2012
Prepared for the Brooklyn Borough
President Marty Markowitz
THE BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY:
VISION OF A NEIGHBORHOOD ANCHOR
PREPARED FOR THE

BROOKLYN BOROUGH PRESIDENT MARTY MARKOWITZ
May 2012
PREPARED BY
NYU CAPSTONE TEAM
Patrick Hess
Aaron Meyerson
Emily Osgood
Joanna Reynolds
Lisa Roberts
SPECIAL THANKS TO:

Marty Markowitz, Brooklyn Borough President
Carlo A. Scissura, Senior Advisor, Brooklyn Borough Presidents Office
Andrew Steininger, Director, Brooklyn Borough Presidents Office
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Table of Contents
1. ExEcutivE Summary
2. acknowlEdgEmEntS
3. ProjEct ovErviEw
4. Background and ExiSting conditionS
a. armory
B. community
5. comParaBlE PlacE-BaSEd rEvitalization EffortS
a. nEw york city
B. othEr u.S.
c. intErnational
6. comParaBlE armoriES
a. nEw york city
B. othEr u.S.
7. community EngagEmEnt
a. oPEn houSE & town hall mEEting
B. StakEholdEr intErviEwS
8. guiding PrinciPlES for thE rEdEvEloPmEnt ProcESS
9. rEcommEndationS
a. oPErationS
B. uSES
c. additional
10. dEvEloPmEnt PotEntial
11. immEdiatE nExt StEPS
12. concluSion
13. EndnotES
14. BiBliograPhy
15. aPPEndicES
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Executive Summary
The Bedford-Union Armory in Crown Heights,
Brooklyn, was constructed by the United
States government at the turn of the twentieth
century as part of a nationwide network of urban
armories. As a response to Civil War draft riots
and labor unrest, armories built in the decades
before and after the turn of the century initially
provided space for local military units. Since
then, they have served a range of functions for
the National Guard, from storage facilities to
emergency response command centers. Like
many other armories, the Bedford-Union Armory
is an architectural gem. Over time, however, these
impressive buildings became less necessary for
the military, and many were left abandoned or
unused. In recent years, a number of municipalities
nationwide have reinvented their armories as
civic assets, providing space for commercial
and community activity.
The Bedford-Union Armory has the potential to
become a revitalizing force for the communities
and neighborhoods of central Brooklyn. Despite
Brooklyns renaissance over the past decade,
parts of central Brooklyn still suffer from chronic
poverty, high unemployment, and low educational
attainment. The Brooklyn Borough Presidents
Offce is currently conceptualizing a new initiative to
provide comprehensive support services to central
Brooklyn residents, with the goal of catalyzing
community development through improved
access to resources within the neighborhood.
The Borough Presidents Offce envisions the
Bedford-Union Armory as an anchor for this
initiative.
Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz
initiated the Bedford-Union Armory redevelopment
analysis project and enlisted the NYU Wagner
Capstone Team to gather a set of visions for the
future of the Bedford-Union Armory. The report
frst reviews the history of the Armory and the
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surrounding neighborhood context. Second, it
explores comparable armory redevelopments
and community revitalization initiatives. Third,
the report presents an overview of and fndings
from the community engagement undertaken
by the Capstone Team. Finally, through these
comparisons and analyses, the Bedford-Union
Armory redevelopment analysis identifes best
practices and provides a set of visions for the
redevelopment of the Armory.
The Bedford-Union Armory: Vision of a Neighborhood
Anchor is the result of background research,
community outreach, stakeholder interviews,
public meetings, and technical research regarding
the feasibility of future possibilities for the Armory.
The recommendations, outlined below, seek
to balance the wealth of suggestions the NYU
Wagner Capstone Team received from community
stakeholders with the realities and constraints of
refurbishing and operating a large facility of this
kind. In the primary recommendation, Scenario
1, the Armory would be transformed into a
multipurpose community facility offering space
for athletics and recreation, arts programming,
and social services.
The Bedford-Union Armory: Vision of a Neighborhood
Anchor is the essential frst step towards
redevelopment a vision of what is possible.
It also suggests steps to begin the process of
making this vision a reality. Realizing the Armorys
potential will require broad collaboration among
stakeholders from the local to the city and state
levels, within the public and private sectors, and
it will require sustained community engagement.
Ultimately, a sustainable fnancial structure for
this community asset is likely to come from a
mix of public and private resources, which will
present exciting opportunities as well as possible
challenges. The Bedford-Union Armory holds
enormous potential to be the centerpiece of
an inclusive, healthy, and dynamic future for
central Brooklyn.
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Acknowledgements
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Acknowledgements
Thank you to the many people whose knowledge and input made this report possible:
Offce of the Brooklyn Borough President
Marty Markowitz, Brooklyn Borough President
Carlo A. Scissura, Senior Advisor, Brooklyn Borough Presidents Offce
Andrew Steininger, Director, Brooklyn Borough Presidents Offce
Ann Marie Adamson, Housing Policy Liaison
Richard Bearak, Land Use, Director
Nan Blackshear, Community Services/Seniors, Director
Luke DePalma, Policy & Planning/Transportation, Director
Kai Feder, Capital Budget/Economic Development
Italia Guerrero, Health & Food Initiatives Policy Liaison
Jon Paul Lupo, Communications, Director
Kevin Parris, Land Use Coordinator
Xamayla Rose, Youth Policy Liaison
Mark Zustovich, Press Secretary
NYU Wagner Capstone Advisors
Kei Hayashi
Steven Jacobs
Community Stakeholders and Subject Matter Experts
Kwayera Archer-Cunningham, President and Chief Executive Offcer, Ifetayo
Sowonee Duworko, Medgar Evers College
Amy Ellenbogen, Director, Crown Heights Community Mediation Center
Michelle George, District Manager, Brooklyn Community Board 8
Rabbi Jacob Goldstein, Chair, Brooklyn Community Board 9
Chris Grove, NYC Department of Citywide Administrative Services
Jesse Hamilton, Offce of State Senator Eric Adams
Scott Hobbs, New York University
Neil Irvin, Executive Director, Men Can Stop Rape
Allen James, Program Manager, S.O.S. Crown Heights
Hon. Letitia James, City Council Member, District 35
Andrea Lenhart, Designer
Martin Maher, Chief of Staff, NYC Parks Department
Gretchen Maneval, Director, Center for the Study of Brooklyn
Nina Melendandri, Crow Hill Community Association
Pearl Miles, District Manager, Brooklyn Community Board 9
Dr. William Pollard, President, Medgar Evers College
Felix Ramos, NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs
Patricia Rock, Vice President, CRA Division Manager, Sovereign Bank
Joe Samalin, Coordinator of Training and Technical Assistance, Men Can Stop Rape
Eligio Santiago, Superintendent, NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs
Joe Santiago, NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs
Ken Wilcox, Director, Athletic Department, ASA College
Kristin Zecher, University of Hartford
An additional thank you is extended to Medgar Evers College for hosting the Town Hall Meeting
on January 9, 2012 and to all the community members who attended the Town Hall Meeting
and Armory Open House. Feedback from these events was invaluable to this report.
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Project Overview
In September 2011, the Brooklyn Borough
Presidents Offce (BBPO) invited an NYU
Wagner Urban Planning Capstone Team (the
Capstone Team) to explore future options for
the Bedford-Union Armory (the Armory). At
the time of publication, the New York State
National Guard was in the process of transferring
ownership of the Armory to the City of New York.
The Armory is located in central Brooklyn and
is well positioned to provide comprehensive
services to the residents of the area. Over the
past ten to ffteen years, central Brooklyn has not
seen the same dramatic changes as some other
neighborhoods. Revitalizing the Armory for the
communitys beneft is an opportunity for New
York City government to show its commitment
to this neighborhoods future.
From September 2011 through April 2012,
the Capstone Team conducted research and
organized outreach efforts to determine what
kinds of community resources can best be
housed in the Bedford-Union Armory, and how
the space may be transformed to provide these
services. The Capstone Team reviewed place-
based, multifaceted community redevelopment
programs in New York City, elsewhere in the
United States, and around the world, for
insights and best practices. The team surveyed
community assets, interviewed stakeholders,
and compiled data on demographics, crime,
health, and available resources, among other
neighborhood statistics. To understand the
Armorys physical condition, the Capstone
Team visited the site, toured the facility, and
analyzed the buildings zoning, history, and
redevelopment potential.
The Capstone Team organized a community
Open House of the Armory held on January
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Bedford-Union Armory
nearby residents had been granted access
to the Armory, and over one hundred guests
attended and received tours of the facility. The
evening of the Open House, the Capstone Team
facilitated a community Town Hall at Medgar
attended. Borough President Marty Markowitz
and other local leaders in attendance listened
as community members had the opportunity
to share in a formal manner their ideas for the
Armorys future.
At the conclusion of the study, the Capstone
for the Bedford-Union Armory revitalization
President on April 25, 2012.
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Background and
Existing Conditions
Location
The Bedford-Union Armory, originally named the Troop C Armory, is located at 1579 Bedford Avenue at
the intersection of Union Street in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. A formidable presence in the neighborhood,
the 105-year-old building covers nearly eighty percent of the block bounded by Bedford and Rogers
Avenues on the west and east sides, and Union and President Streets to the north and south. The Armory
is situated within the boundaries
of Brooklyn Community District
9 (CD 9) and the 71st Police
Precinct. Nearby neighborhoods
include Prospect Heights, Flatbush,
Prospect-Lefferts Gardens, and
Bedford-Stuyvesant, and multiple
bus and subway routes pass in
close proximity to the Armory.
A. Bedford-Union Armory
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BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
History
The Bedford-Union Armory was constructed at
the turn of the twentieth century, an era when
New York Citys built environment was expanding
rapidly and the National Guard was becoming
increasingly active. New Yorks construction
industry boomed with private investment; between
1902 and 1913, the Flatiron, the Metropolitan
Life, and the Woolworth buildings added their
grand silhouettes to the Manhattan skyline.
Public investment in infrastructure was equally
transformative; during this time the Manhattan
BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
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View of the drill hall showcasing the
high-vaulted ceiling and domed roof.
Source: Brooklyn Public Library,
Brooklyn Collection
Interior of Armory: now a small gym.
Source: Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn
Collection
and construction of Grand Central Terminal
began. New York State was also investing in
the construction of numerous National Guard
armories.
Armory development proliferated throughout
the United States after the passage of the 1903
Dick Military Act, which consolidated state
militias into single state National Guard entities.
1
Safety and policing were key policy priorities in
the post-Civil War era, as protests, riots, and
violence were common. The National Guard
played a civic peacekeeping and law-enforcement
role during this time.
2
Armories provided
space for troops to train, store equipment,
and spend off-duty time, and their imposing
physical presences conveyed the importance
of protecting community safety.
3
Between the
late eighteenth and the middle of the twentieth
centuries, the New York State National Guard
built approximately 120 armories, including the
Troop C Armory and six other large armories
in New York City.
4

Troop C
The Troop C Cavalry Unit has a long history in
central Brooklyn. Organized as an offcial militia
unit in 1895, Troop Cs offcers and enlisted
men fought in Puerto Rico during the Spanish-
American War and participated in the suppression
of riots during the Croton Dam Strike in 1900.
5
In 1906, the Unit, then known as Squadron C,
was incorporated into the New York National
Guard.
6
Squadron C merged with other New
York City cavalry units in 1911, becoming the
First Regiment of Cavalry. By 1921 the Unit had
been fully absorbed into the 101st Cavalry.
7
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1901: Site acquired at 1579 Bedford
Avenue, Crown Heights, Brooklyn
1903: Construction begins shortly
after architectural frm Pilcher and
Tachau wins armory design contest
and has design approved by the
Armory Board
1904: Troop C expands and
becomes Squadron C
1906: Squadron C is incorporated
into the New York National Guard
1907: Construction of the Armory is
completed, and Squadron C takes
over operations of Armory
1911: Squadron C merges with
other New York cavalry units as part
of the 1st Regiment of Cavalry
1921: As part of the 1st Regiment
of Cavalry, Squadron C is fully
absorbed into the 101st Cavalry
division
1961: Armory becomes
Headquarters for Troop, Co. A,
101st AR
1986: Armory becomes the 42nd
Supply and Transfer Station
2000s: Film production and
community events take place at A
rmory
2011: Borough President,
Markowitz commissions study of
the Armory and National Guard
evacuates the premises
2012: Borough President Markowitz
announces $1million gift towards
redevelopment of the Armory
History of tHe
Bedford-Union arMory
Troop C at Camp Alger before going to
Puerto Rico to fght in the Spanish-American
War (1898)
The Armory with original tower
Bedford-Union Armory today
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Design and Usage
In 1901, with Troop C and other New York State
National Guard units growing, the City of New
York acquired the land for an armory in Crown
Heights. In 1903, the decorated architectural
to design and build the Armory. Lead architect
Lewis Pilcher also designed the Kingsbridge
Armory in the Bronx, one of the largest armories
York State Architect from 1913-1923.
Built using state-of-the-art technology and
engineering expertise of the period, the Armory
covers 2.8 acres and has approximately 138,000
8
The building measures
approximately 500 feet on its south side, 450
feet on its north side, and 255 feet on its east
and west sides. It has a footprint of just over
122,000 SF.
9
The structure consists of three
main pieces:
A drill hall (~ 58,000 SF)
A head house and storage facilities located
on the west and south sides of the drill
hall (~ 50,000 SF)
A parking facility and maintenance garage
located on the east side of the drill hall
(~ 30,000 SF)
The Armory pre-dates zoning but is located within
what is now an R6 Residential zoning district.
Please refer to page 75 for additional zoning
information and Appendix I for full schematics
and room information.
Upon its completion, the Bedford-Union Armory
won instant acclaim in architectural journals for
being a radically new type of armory.
10
Armory
design of the nineteenth century frequently Zoning Map.
Source: NYC Department of City Planning
Bedford-Union Armory: Zoning Map
ARMORY
Source: NYC Planning Comission
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evoked European castles, but in a departure
from tradition, the Bedford-Union Armory is
non-castellated. A multi-story tower originally
anchored the southwest wing, but it has since
been removed.
11
Architects Pilcher and Tachau
also sought to distinguish the Armorys interior
by using stylistic ornamentation and highly
detailed craftsmanship. In 1906, The American
Architect and Building News praised the Armory
as the frst building of LArt Nouveau style to
be built in Brooklyn.
12

The historic Armory was comprised of two main
sections, the drill hall and the head house, and
a third section, the parking facility, was added
at a later date. The architects designed the
drill hall to accommodate the practical needs
of a cavalry unit; built-in horse troughs, a high,
vaulted ceiling, and long narrow stables all
served as spaces to house, train, and feed the
Units horses.
13
Bleachers, some still intact,
line the second foor balcony above the drill
hall foor and were used by spectators during
training exercises and formal presentations.
Left: Bedford-Union
Armory showcasing the
non-castellated style
Below: Park Avenue Armory,
with the castellated design
style
Source: New York
Architecture Online Image
Archives
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The head house contains offces, classrooms,
a bar or reception room, a small gym, and
other miscellaneous spaces. The basement,
level with President Street, originally held a one
hundred-yard long rife fring range, as well as
boiler, locker, engine, and storage rooms.
14
The
basement and the head house are equipped
with heating systems; the drill hall is not. Most
rooms in the head house have telephone jacks
and Ethernet connections. Overall, the Armory
is in moderate to good physical condition.
Although armories were originally built to
accommodate National Guard military activities,
by 1920 the National Guard commonly allowed
civilians to use the spaces during times of
peace. They became forums for athletic events,
dances, and other community gatherings.
During the holiday mail rush of 1924, the Postal
Service even used the Park Slope Armory as
a mail-processing center.
15

Over the course of the twentieth century,
changes in military training and technology
lessened the National Guards need for cavalry
units and their armories. Various entities across
the country, including local governments,
community organizations, private developers,
and the National Guard itself, have explored a
variety of new uses for these sizable historical
buildings. In recent years, the National Guard
has opened the Bedford-Union Armory for a
variety of civic functions, including events for
the local Caribbean and Jewish communities.
In 2010, the Armory served as a collection
point for canned goods and other emergency
supplies in the wake of the earthquake in
Haiti. Beyond serving the community as a civic
gathering space, non-National Guard activities
at the Armory have had an impact on the local
economy. For example, several movies have been
flmed in the Armory, including The Sorcerers
Apprentice starring Nicolas Cage.
Park Slope Armory during Christmas mail
rush of 1924.
Source: National Postal Museum.
Smithsonian Photography Initiative.
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B. Crown Heights
History
Prior to World War II, Crown Heights was a
predominantly white community with a large
Jewish population. By the mid-twentieth century,
the racial composition of the area was becoming
more diverse, in large part due to the Great
Migration of African-Americans from southern
to northern states and an infux of Caribbean
immigrants. In Crown Heights, as in many
urban areas around the country, changes in
demographics corresponded with a variety of
social and political events, from federal housing
policy and transportation funding, to real estate
broker steering and white fight.
16

During President Lyndon Johnsons administration
(1963-1969), the federal government declared
Crown Heights a primary poverty area on
the basis of widespread poor nutrition, a low
level of job skills, and high rates of crime and
unemployment in the neighborhood.
17
While
there has been much improvement in the area
over the past several decades, several of the
poverty indicators recognized by the Johnson
Administration are still affecting the Crown
Heights community today.
Culture and Community Diversity
Crown Heights is home to people with diverse
racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds.
As with many diverse places, the unique
contributions of different communities make
the area a rich, multicultural neighborhood,
but at times, these differences have also been
associated with tensions in the community.
Perhaps the most well known instance of confict
is the Crown Heights riots. In 1991, the death
of a black child hit by a Hasidic Jewish driver
sparked three days of riots between black
and Jewish people in Crown Heights, during
which two people were killed.
18
Racial tensions
continued through prolonged legal trials in the
years following the riots.
19
The Brooklyn Borough
President at that time, Howard Golden, initiated
research and reporting on racial concerns in
Crown Heights. He also formed the Crown
Heights Coalition of elected offcials and local
community representatives to address residual
confict after the riots.
20

Community members and public entities have
continued to demonstrate a commitment to
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multicultural acceptance and cooperation in
recent years. For example, the James E. Davis
Peace Museum opened in Crown Heights in
2010, encouraging and celebrating cooperation
between diverse groups in the neighborhood,
and the Crown Heights Community Mediation
Center has worked to decrease violence in
the area for over a decade. In 2009, African-
American, Caribbean, and Jewish residents
began cooperation on a Safe Streets initiative
as well as in a community volunteer police patrol.
Supporting trusting relationships and providing
inclusive community space for all groups is
especially important in this community, and the
challenges this brings to the redevelopment of
the Armory should not be underestimated.
BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: COMMUNITY DISTRICTS
BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: COMMUNITY DISTRICTS
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Population and Neighborhood Statistics
This report presents statistics on the neighborhood
around the Armory at the most precise geographic
level possible, typically the census tract level.
However, because some data from New York
City government sources and the Center for the
Study of Brooklyn are summarized at the CD
level, there are times the report uses CD level
data. In those cases, because the Armory is
situated in CD 9 but very close to CD 8, we use
data aggregated from both CDs 8 and 9.
21
It is also important to remember that, in the future,
the Armory may serve people in parts of central
Brooklyn beyond the immediate surrounding
blocks. The population characteristics presented
here describe people who currently live near
the Armory, but the relevant neighborhood
characteristics may change over time.
According to the 2007-2009 American Community
Survey, approximately 150,000 people live in
the census tracts within a one-mile radius of
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey 2010
AGE OF RESIDENTS WITHIN 1 MILE OF ARMORY
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Source: Center for the Study of Brooklyn, 2011
the Armory. Compared to the rest of Brooklyn
and New York City as a whole, the area near the
Armory has a signifcantly higher percentage of
people of black, African-American or Caribbean
descent (67%, compared to 33% in Brooklyn and
18% citywide), and there are more women (54%)
than men (46%). The most common languages
in the area are English, Spanish, Caribbean/
French Creole, Yiddish, and Hebrew.
22

Within a quarter-mile radius of the armory,
eighty-nine percent of the population rent their
homes, rather than own. Nearly one-third of
households (30%) have children under eighteen
years old, and close to half of families (47%) are
headed by a single mother. Twenty-four percent
of households in this area have a resident over
the age of sixty-fve.
23

The community also faces economic challenges.
Annual household income is more than twelve
percent below the borough median of approximately
$44,000; the median household incomes of CD
8 and CD 9 are about $39,500 and $37,900,
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME
23
23
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We need a mentoring
program for children
without fathers.
We need positive
male role models.
- Lennox Jeffrey, Crown
Heights resident
respectively. Twenty-two percent of the population
in those community districts and thirty-three
percent of children live below the poverty line,
and these percentages grew between 2000
and 2010.
24
Youth and Education
A substantial amount of disconnected youth,
defned as those between the ages of sixteen
and twenty-four who are neither in school nor
part of the workforce, live near the Armory.
25

In CD 8, seventeen percent of people in this
age group are disconnected, compared to
DISCONNECTED YOUTH
22
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thirteen percent in Brooklyn overall. In CD 9,
only eleven percent of youth are disconnected.
It is important to note that the neighborhoods
high school graduation (59%) and dropout
rates (11%) are close to the average rates in
Brooklyn, but college readiness, as defned by
the New York City Department of Education,
is much lower in this area of central Brooklyn
(10%) than the borough on average (18%).
Crime and Safety
The community near the Armory has concerns
about crime and safety; some stem from residual
racial tensions related to the Crown Heights Riots
I hate seeing young
men idle on the streets.
Just because they dont
go to college doesnt
mean they have to
wither on the vine.
- Abigail LaBord, Crown
Heights resident
INCARCERATION RATE PER 1,000 ADULT POPULATION (2009)
22
22
22
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(see page 19 for further explanation), and others
from local gang activity. Local organizations such
as the Crown Heights Community Mediation
Center and Save Our Streets focus primarily on
reducing gun violence in the area. Violent and
property crime have fallen signifcantly since
2000, but in their feedback to the Capstone
Team, residents still noted concern about hate
crimes, gun violence, stop and frisk policies,
and incarceration rates. Notably, although
these crime rates have decreased over the
past decade to close to the borough averages,
incarceration rates are still higher; in CD 8, the
rate is 4.5 incarcerations per one thousand
people, in CD 9, it is 2.3, whereas in Brooklyn
overall the rate is 2.0.
Neighborhood Health and Recreation
Although the Armory is located just two blocks
east of Prospect Park, one of the boroughs largest
parks, Crown Heights residents have limited
access to year-round recreation and exercise
spaces in the immediate neighborhood. In a
2003 survey by the New York City Department
of Health and Mental Hygiene, almost half (47%)
of central Brooklyn residents reported doing
no physical activity at all.
26
Limited access
to affordable facilities for physical activity
could be a contributing factor to the higher
rates of obesity and diabetes in the Armorys
neighborhood.
Source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2006
DIABETES RATES
22
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Source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2006
27
OBESITY RATES
Arts Investment and Cultural Assets
There are different concentrations of arts and cultural funding in the area near the Armory. In CD
9, south of Eastern Parkway, there is a signifcantly lower than average investment in the arts, and
fewer people are employed in these felds. In CD 8, spending on arts and culture is higher per capita,
which may be due to the presence of key Brooklyn cultural assets such as the Brooklyn Museum,
the Brooklyn Childrens Museum, and the Jewish Childrens Museum.
22
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We see fnded programs like CAMBA and Promise
Neighborhoods elsewhere in Brooklyn, but they
dont come far enough into our neighborhood.
- Kwayera Archer-Cunningham, Ifetayo
ARTS & CULTURE FUNDING PER CAPITA
P a g e 2 7
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BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: CULTURAL ASSETS
Sources: see endnote
28
BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY: CULTURAL ASSETS
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5 . 0 P l ac e - B as e d Co mmu n i t y R ev i t al i z at i o n
5.0
Place-Based
Community Revitalization
Faced with challenges ranging from gun violence
and low levels of early childhood literacy to
obesity and lack of employment opportunities,
some communities have utilized comprehensive
revitalization efforts that seek to address multiple
issues at once. The City of New York has the
opportunity to pursue such a multifaceted
initiative in the Bedford-Union Armory as part
of the Central Brooklyn Initiative.
Historical precedents for contemporary community
revitalization efforts include the settlement houses
of the late nineteenth century, an outgrowth of
the eras progressive movement that helped
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reform education, recreation, health care, and
conditions in housing and the workplace, and
the fght against juvenile delinquency in the
1950s, in which government agencies and
community partners emphasized prevention and
rehabilitation.
29, 30
During the 1960s, President
Johnsons War on Poverty, legislation like the
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, and the
rise of community development corporations
(CDCs) sought to address systemic, structural
issues through comprehensive community
redevelopment.
31

Since the 1960s, a series of laws and programs
have been established at the local, state, and
federal level to support the development of
community revitalization efforts, including the
Housing and Community Development Act
of 1974 which shifted decision making for
community development activities from the
federal government to local communities.
32

In 2010, the federal government established
the Promise Neighborhoods initiative to fund
organizations that established or enhanced cradle
to college to career continuum programs. In
FY 2010 there were twenty-one neighborhood
recipients in nineteen cities, twelve states, and
the District of Columbia. With their comprehensive
approach and mix of funding sources, these Promise
Neighborhoods may offer key strategies for the
CBI in general and the Armory in particular.
Broad-based community development programs are often further subcategorized based on their
central approach to community revitalization. Subcategories include:
1. Those that emphasize building human capital, i.e., improving outcomes for individuals
and families, which has traditionally been carried out by social service agencies and schools;
2. Those that emphasize building neighborhood capital, i.e., improving the
physical and economic infrastructure of the neighborhood, which has traditionally
been carried out by CDCs and other local development organizations; and
3. Those that emphasize building social capital, i.e., strengthening what is variously called civic
life, social fabric, sense of community and the like, which has traditionally been accomplished
by local religious, cultural, civic, and recreational organizations or by community organizers.
33

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Founded in 1975, the St. Nicks Alliance is a
not-for-proft community-based organization
in Williamsburg and Greenpoint, Brooklyn. St.
Nicks Alliance serves nine thousand low- and
moderate-income residents a year and seeks to
preserve the vibrant and diverse character of these
neighborhoods.
34
St. Nicks Alliance originally
focused on affordable housing issues but, given
the areas high unemployment rate and lack of
social services, the organization has expanded
to offer a comprehensive array of programs and
services, including the following:
Health care
Elder care
Workforce development
Economic development
Youth services
Arts classes
35

In 2011, St. Nicks Alliance opened the Renaissance
Center, a new 4,500 SF headquarters and
community arts center, on the former Greenpoint
Hospital campus. The opening of the Renaissance
Center is part of a thirty-year community plan for
the entire site of the former Greenpoint Hospital
campus led by the Greenpoint Renaissance
Enterprise Corporation (GREC), a consortium
of local organizations that was formed to
repurpose, renovate, and develop the hospital
campus after it closed in 1982. The GREC plan
for Greenpoint Hospital refects the communitys
primary needs for healthcare, affordable housing,
and community space.
While securing fnancing has proven challenging
during the economic downturn, the hospital
campus redevelopment plan makes strides
towards building human and neighborhood
capital in the area. In combination with a new
arts and cultural community center to the
public, the Renaissance Center offers a good
example of community-oriented adaptive reuse
as the focal point of neighborhood revitalization
efforts.
37

A. New York City Examples
St. Nicks Alliance & Greenpoint Hospital Campus Revitalization
Greenpoint, Brooklyn, NY
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Center for Family Life
Sunset Park, Brooklyn, NY
Center for Family Life Sunset Park (Center for
Family Life) is a neighborhood-based social
services organization founded in 1978. The
Center for Family Life serves more than thirteen
thousand people per year and is sponsored and
overseen by SCO Family of Services (formerly
St. Christopher-Ottilie Family of Services), one
of New Yorks largest social services agencies.
The Center for Family Life promotes positive
outcomes for children, adults and families in
Sunset Park through a comprehensive range
of services:
Family counseling
Foster care
Educational programs
Youth and adult employment
Food pantry
Thrift shop
Tax fling services
Much as the Bedford-Union Armory could, the
Center for Family Life serves both as a home
base for administrative activities and as a
space where the community can participate in
programming and receive services.
38

Renaissance Center,
Greenpoint, Brooklyn
Source: Jason Lam,
Blogger
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S.O.S. Crown Heights Rally,
Brooklyn, NY
Source: The Brooklyn Ink
Save Our Streets Crown Heights
Crown Heights, Brooklyn, NY
Save Our Streets Crown Heights (S.O.S.) is a
not-for-proft committed to ending gun violence
in the community. Coordinated by the Crown
Heights Community Mediation Center and
its parent organization the Center for Court
Innovation, S.O.S. works with local clergy,
residents, and business owners to create a network
of stakeholders committed to the prevention
of violence throughout the neighborhood.
39

S.O.S. trains outreach workers, often people
with direct experience of violence, to work with
the most at-risk community members to fnd
alternatives to violence and to respond when
violence does occur.
40
An example of an issue-
specifc grassroots human capital development
program, S.O.S. seeks to prevent violence
directly before it starts by empowering local
residents through public gatherings, education,
and one-on-one case management.
THE POINT
Hunts Point, Bronx, NY
THE POINT Community Development Corporation
(THE POINT) is a not-for-proft organization
dedicated to youth development and the
cultural and economic revitalization of the Hunts
Point, a distressed neighborhood in the South
Bronx where more than ffty percent of children
live below the poverty line.
41
THE POINT has
taken a multifaceted approach to asset-based
community development by offering arts, culture,
and education programming that especially
targets youth since 1994.
42

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THE POINT, Hunts Point, Bronx
Source: Latin Jazz Alive
THE POINTs facilities include:
Youth development programs
Small business incubator and marketplace
4,500 SF black box performance space
Dance and music studios
Radio station
Dark room
Computer lab
Weather station
Therapeutic counseling center
43

THE POINT provides youth with social, emotional,
and academic support while engaging them as
active participants in the development of their
community. THE POINTs effective programming
and multifaceted approach offer a strong model
for possible youth services at the Bedford-
Union Armory.
Harlem Childrens Zone
Harlem, NY
The Harlem Childrens Zone (HCZ) provides
innovative programs aimed at breaking the cycle
of generational poverty for children and families
in central Harlem. HCZ offers education, social
services and community-building programs for
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youth and adults.
44
The HCZ model designates a
zone within the neighborhood where a blanket
of comprehensive services is concentrated to
reach a specifc population effectively. HCZ
serves over twenty thousand people a year by
enhancing central Harlems human and social
capital, and the organization has been used as
a national model for comprehensive community
revitalization.
45
HCZ uses a cradle to college model that provides
wrap-around services from birth to adulthood
for all children in the designated ninety-seven-
block zone of central Harlem. HCZ focuses on
afterschool programs, asthma care, pre-college
advice, and Baby College for new parents to aid
in family planning and support. The major aspect
of HCZ programming is its charter schools, which
offer an alternative learning experience for local
youth.
46
HCZ has been criticized for the high cost
of delivering its programsit has received over
$100 million to fnance its approachand some
cite this as a reason the HCZ is not applicable as
a national model.
47
However, others argue that
the cost is essential to bridging the gap between
the experience of low income families and the
experience that middle class families are able to
take for granted. Given the investment in HCZs
cradle to college model, the replication of some
Geoffrey
Canada,
CEO, Harlem
Childrens
Zone Source:
HCZ Website
B. Other U.S. Examples
Carver Park
Yuma, AZ
In Yuma, Arizona, the Citys Department of
Planning and Neighborhood Services facilitated
the revitalization of the Carver Park neighborhood,
a one-half square mile area that was plagued
with high poverty and unemployment. A group
of grassroots organizations, residents, and
religious institutions initiated the project in the late
1990s. A task force established the scope and
geographic parameters for redevelopment, and
a broad coalition of stakeholders implemented
the plan. To date, public and private partners
of these programs within the Armory could serve
to bolster the social, human and neighborhood
capital in the Crown Heights community.
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development, operates the youth career center
in a partnership model that could be considered
at the Bedford-Union Armory.
50
Visitacion Valley Community Center
San Francisco, CA
During the mid-twentieth century, the Visitacion
Valley neighborhood in southeastern San
Francisco felt sharply the closure of the local
shipyard and the segregating effects of housing
discrimination. Overall, public disinvestment
and the decline of local economic opportunity
left the area with few jobs, poor social services,
and decaying infrastructure. Communities of
Opportunity, an initiative started by Mayor Gavin
Newsome in collaboration with local foundations
and the national consultants Bridgespan Group,
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Neighborhood Center, Yuma, AZ.
Source: City of Yuma, AZ website
have invested more than $27 million in the human,
neighborhood, and social capital of Carver
Park.
48

A centerpiece of the coalitions work, the Martin
Luther King, Jr. Neighborhood Community Center
is a state-of-the-art facility whose offerings
include:
Computer lab
Offce space for local not-for-proft organi-
zations
Rentable event space
Youth career center
49

The facilitys youth career center supports youth
with job searches, resume writing, interview skills,
and GED preparation. The Yuma Private Industry
Council, a not-for-proft that specializes in workforce
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works to coordinate multifaceted efforts to
reinvigorate the area through projects as varied
as housing construction and the extension of
the light rail system.
51
At the heart of the efforts
are community centers like the Visitacion Valley
Community Center (VVCC), an environmentally
sustainable multiservice center established in
1922.
52
Cradle to college to career services
at the VVCC include:
Childcare and early childhood education
programs
Afterschool programs that are often presented
in collaboration with local partners, such as
the San Francisco Conservatory of Music
Family resource center
Afterschool, summer employment, and job
training for youth ages fourteen to eighteen
Senior center
53

Agape Community Center
Milwaukee, WI
The communities of northwest Milwaukee face
intertwined challenges of poverty, low educa-
tional attainment, and poor access to jobs.
54

To combat these issues, the Agape Community
Center (Agape) leverages a small staff to facili-
tate the work of many volunteers. An 18,000 SF
facility located at the center of nine neighbor-
hoods, Agape focuses on youth, seniors, and
intergenerational efforts, especially with regards
to individual and community health, and serves
nearly 25,000 neighbors annually.
55
Much like
the Harlem Childrens Zone, Agape offers a
broad selection of human and social capital
services, from parenting classes to nutrition
and exercise programs to informal community
gatherings.
56
The 18,000 SF center includes:
Visitacion Valley Community Center
San Francisco, CA
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Agape Community Center, Milwaukee, WI
Source: Cross of Life

Commercial kitchen
Dining facility and recreation center
Family resource center
Youth activity rooms
Technology center
Conference room
Rentable space
Administrative offces
57

C. International Examples
Broughton Community Hub
Salford, England
The Broughton Community Hub is the landmark
feature of Salfords recent revitalization under
the New Deal for Communities (NDC).
58
From
1998 to 2011, NDC was a national program of the
English government designed to help revitalize
low-income neighborhoods by focusing on issues
ranging from crime prevention to environmental
health to educational achievement.
59
In Salford,
local residents, government agencies, and
private partners achieved improvements in
community involvement, local crime rates,
educational programming, public health, affordable
housing, and workforce and business capacity
development.
60
The Broughton Community Hub,
a 40,000 SF facility opened in 2011, provides
local residents access to needed services and
facilities that include:
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Higher Broughton Community Hub, Salford, England.
Source: Urban Visions
The Hub is more than just a building - it is the culmination
of tremendous efforts in the overall regeneration of Higher
Broughton and acts as a focus to the grand scheme - a hub. It
offers wider community benefts by bringing the community
together and offering all of the services in one location.
- Urban Visions
Adult and childrens libraries with eighteen
free public access computers
Rentable space
Caf
Centers for children and high school aged
youth
Nursery
Sports facilities, including a trampoline hall
61
RDM Campus
Rotterdam, Netherlands
The RDM Campus (Dutch for Rotterdamsche
Droogdok Maatschappij), the former site of the
Rotterdam Drydock Company in the center of
citys ports, is a collaboration between Albeda
College, University of Rotterdam and the Port
Authority of Rotterdam.
63
The site consists of
several industrial-scale buildings formerly used
for building ship engines. Opened in 2009, the
renovated facility brings together students and
manufacturers by linking cutting-edge research,
education, and apprenticeship programs. The
students often fnd employment at businesses in
the many surrounding buildings after completing
their apprenticeships.
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The centerpiece of RDM Campus is Innovation
Dock, a historic industrial building with an area
of approximately 250,000 SF. Originally a space
dedicated to building ship engines, Innovation
Dock consists of two parts: a business section,
with over 120,000 SF available for small and
innovative companies, and a learning/work
area, where Albeda College and University
Rotterdam have their classrooms and work
spaces. This combination of human capital
and workforce programs could be examined
further for best practices in adaptive reuse at
the Bedford-Union Armory.
RDM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Source: RDM Campus
Carolina for Kibera
Nairobi, Kenya
Founded in 2001 by an American college student
and two local Kenyans, Carolina for Kibera (CFK)
is a not-for-proft organization based in Kibera,
a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. In
the absence of offcial recognition from the
Kenyan government, the area is underserved
by government agencies; CFK helps to fll
that gap, especially on public health- and
youth empowerment-related issues.
64
The
organization believes that community problems
are best solved by local solutions.
65
CFK,
operating with the assistance of numerous local
and international volunteers, offers services
including the following:
Medical clinic
Sports programs
Girls center
Waste management program
The medical clinic alone serves over 40,000
Kibera residents each year. The community
center seeks to minimize violence in the area
through annual events and other programming.
66

In response to widespread violence after the
disputed 2008 elections, CFK and community
members formed an initiative called Community
of Kibera or Jamii Ya Kibera in Swahili. Youth
leaders trained by CFK coordinated a peace
campaign through logos, posters, billboards,
t-shirts, stickers, and radio commercials.
67

Today, these youth leaders continue to facilitate
forums on ethnicity, confict resolution, and
violence prevention.
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6 . 0 Co mpar abl e Ar mo r i e s
6.0
Comparable Armories
In addition to surveying placed-based community
revitalization efforts for possible service delivery
models, the Capstone Team reviewed comparable
armories that serve as community hubs within
their neighborhoods. Armories around the country
originally provided facilities for training National
Guard troops and storing their equipment and
munitions, but today those functions are no longer
relevant. Municipalities across the country have
sought, however, to preserve the historical value
of these buildings while also transforming them
into modern community assets. The Capstone
Team researched the current state of armories in
New York City, around New York State, and across
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the United States to inform recommendations
for the Bedford-Union Armory. In this report, we
look closely at armory redevelopment efforts in
which the size and structure of the buildings,
the way architects reimagined the space, and
the kinds of programs the armories house may
provide guidance for the future of the Bedford-
Union Armory.
A. New York City Examples
There are many armories across New York Citys
fve boroughs. The following armories have been
transferred from state or federal government
ownership to the City and are now operated
by third parties. Public and private investment
has revitalized these armories into valuable
community assets, providing public services,
art spaces, and athletic facilities for regional and
national events. Two other notable armories,
the Bedford-Atlantic and Kingsbridge armories,
are currently going through redevelopment
processes and should be further reviewed as
planning efforts proceed.
Park Slope Armory
Brooklyn, NY
The Park Slope Armory in Brooklyn was built in
1895 for the Fourteenth Regiment of the New
York State Militia.
68
Since the 1990s, the Park
Slope Armory has housed a Womens Mental
Health Shelter, which provides transitional
Park Slope Armory YMCA, Brooklyn, NY.
Source: YMCA of Greater New York
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housing for one hundred women suffering from
homelessness and mental illness. After being
underutilized for years, this armory reopened in
2010 as a YMCA after its drill hall underwent a
$20 million renovation fnanced by the Offce of
the Mayor, the City Council, and the Brooklyn
Borough President.
The drill hall, a space of approximately 70,000
SF, is now a multi-use recreational facility with
a one-half mile track, exercise equipment, and
basketball, soccer and volleyball courts.
69
The
City selected the YMCA of Greater New York
to operate and maintain the center, and as part
of their agreement, local schools may use the
facility during school hours. The YMCA generates
revenue to operate the space through donations,
government contracts, sponsorships, sliding
scale membership fees, and rental charges for
events in the track area and other spaces.
70

The surrounding neighborhood sees the Park
Slope Armory as a great success, and, because
it offers multiple community services in one
space, it may serve as a model for the Bedford-
Union Armory project.
Harlem Armory
Manhattan, NY
The Harlem Armory was built in 1933 for the 369th
Regiment, known as the Harlem Hellfghters,
which was the frst black Regiment to fght in
World War I.
71
Harlem Childrens Zone now
operates the Harlem Armory, an approximately
50,000 SF facility that has been transformed
into a state-of-the-art sports, ftness, and
performing arts facility. Sports experts at the
armory provide youth with free, high-quality
opportunities to improve their ftness and learn
how to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
72
The armory
houses elementary through high school afterschool
programs, tennis, gymnastics, dance, track and
feld, senior citizen walking clubs, English for
Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) classes,
computer labs, teen groups, youth weight loss
groups, basketball, and golf.
73

In 2010, HCZ took on a fve-year lease of the
armory, although the facility is still owned by
the New York State Division of Military and
Naval Affairs. The Police Athletic League (PAL)
was in charge of operations and management
of the armory but because of fnancial barriers
decided to pass on management to HCZ. In
addition to the health and ftness options offered
by the armory, there is a museum housing
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a collection of photographs and artifacts of
the 369th Regiment soldiers from WWI to the
present.
74

Park Avenue Armory
Manhattan, NY
Completed in 1881, the Park Avenue Armory
long housed the 7th Regiment of the National
Guard and is on the National Register of
Historic Places.
75
Since opening as an art
venue in 2007, the approximately 55,000 SF
drill hall has held numerous performances and
visual art exhibitions that could not be housed
in traditional settings.
76
A not-for-proft arts
organization, also called Park Avenue Armory,
operates the building and raises revenue by
renting rooms for private events. The armory
is also home to the Knickerbocker Greys, an
afterschool leadership-development program
for boys and girls ages six to sixteen, and the
53rd Army Liaison Team of the New York Army
National Guard.
77
Fort Washington Avenue Armory
Manhattan, NY
Built as a training center for the National Guard
in 1909, the Fort Washington Avenue Armory
has a nearly 60,000 SF drill hall and housed
a homeless shelter in the 1980s. Founded in
1993, the Armory Foundation, a not-for-proft
organization dedicated to activating the armory,
rehabilitated the building and now serves local
youth through a variety of programming.
78

Athletic programs are largely related to track and
feld; non-athletic programs include computer
classes, college preparation, cultural events,
Park Avenue
Armory Reception
Room, Manhattan,
NY. Source: Park
Avenue Armory
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Fort Washington Armory, Manhattan, NY.
Source: The Armory Foundation
Main Street Armory, Rochester, NY.
Source: Strathallen Hotel
and school-coordinated educational programs.
79
The updated facility is now the premier indoor
track and feld center in the U.S., with an arena
that seats more than four thousand people. It
houses the National Track and Field Hall of Fame
and serves as the track for local high schools
and the surrounding community.
Main Street Armory
Rochester, NY
The Main Street Armory was built in 1905
as headquarters for western New Yorks 3rd
Battalion. The military used it until 1990, and
then it sat vacant until the state sold it at auction
in 2005 to a private real estate developer. Since
2006, the armory has functioned as a major
event space. The main arena was restored
to accommodate up to fve thousand people.
Part of the basement has been converted into
a paintball facility, and plans for a full arcade
and private gun club are underway. Banquet
rooms, catering facilities, and offce space are
all planned or existing on the second foor.
80
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Museum of Science and Technology,
Syracuse, NY.
Source: The Business Council of New
York State
Portland Center Stage Armory Event
Space, Portland, OR.
Source: Portland Center Stage
Jefferson Street Armory
Syracuse, NY
Built in 1876, the Jefferson Street Armory originally
housed offces and depositories for arms and
equipment. It is currently home to the Museum
of Science and Technology (MOST), which has
permanent and rotating exhibits, an IMAX theater,
and a telecommunications center with an amateur
radio station, a planetarium, and space gallery.
As the heart of the redeveloped Downtown
Syracuse Armory Square entertainment area,
MOST also hosts a fve-county Greater Syracuse
Scholastic Science Fair and offers traveling
science programs and demonstrations.
81

Portland Armory Annex
Portland, OR
The Portland Armory Annex initially served
as an auxiliary space for the Oregon National
Guard to supplement their main armory nearby.
Troops used the Annex for drill maneuvers and
the fring range for all-season target practice.
Given its signifcant size, it also provided space
for public events. The building is now home to
Portland Center Stage, a not-for-proft theatre
organization, which includes a six hundred-seat
theater, a smaller studio theater, a caf, and a
multi-story lobby with the original brick walls
and massive ceiling trusses. The redeveloped
building is LEED Platinum certifed.
82

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7 . 0 Co mmu n i t y E n gage me n t
7.0
Community Engagement
On January 9, 2012, the Capstone Team, in
collaboration with the Borough Presidents Offce,
held an all-day Open House at the Armory and a
Town Hall Meeting at Medgar Evers College. To
engage neighborhood residents, the Capstone
Team and Borough Hall staff distributed over
1,000 fyers to local residents and businesses
during three days of door-to-door canvassing and
mailed over 1,500 letters prior to the meeting.
The Capstone Team established Facebook
(facebook.com/bkarmoryproject),
Twitter (@bkarmoryproject), and email
(bkarmoryproject@gmail.com) accounts for
the Bedford-Union Armory Revitalization Project
in order to make the project accessible to
community residents. Social media networks
maintained by the Capstone Team reached over
1,700 people and kept the public updated on
the projects progress.
From 8:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m., the Open House
provided many residents with access to the Armory
A. Armory Open House and Town Hall Meeting
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Top right and left:
Community Town
Hall meeting
for the frst time, with tours available continuously
throughout the day. Over one hundred local
residents attended and many remarked at the
wonder they experienced exploring the various
rooms that the facility has to offer.
The Town Hall Meeting was an opportunity for
attendees to share their ideas with community
members, BBPO and the Capstone Team.
Over 250 people attended and more than forty
people spoke about their hopes, concerns, and
suggestions for the Armory redevelopment.
The Capstone Team collected more than eighty
feedback forms and recorded community input
from offcial comments, direct interviews, and
informal conversations.
Community suggestions for the future of the
Armory included a recreation center, senior
center, and a small-business incubator for food
production.
83
Contact information was collected
for all those who attended the meeting, and over
seventy attendees expressed interest in serving
on future Bedford-Union Armory planning task
force efforts. The Open House and Town Hall
events were covered by the Wall Street Journal,
NY 1 News, Brooklyn Independent Television,
the New York Post, and a number of other news
outlets and local blogs. See Appendix II for
additional press.
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Visitors tour the
Armory during the
January 2012 Open
House.
Our frst priority should
be the young people.
Our youth need a safe,
reliable place to be taught,
developed and challenged.
- Community Resident
Findings
The top fve areas of interest reported by the
community were recreation, youth, multipurpose
community center, job creation and training, and
health and wellness. Many community members
stressed the need to have additional options for
youth and a shared community space that is free
and open to all members of the neighborhood. The
overarching takeaways were that Crown Heights
lacks suffcient multicultural, multigenerational,
and recreational community spaces.
The least desired uses for the Armory were a
homeless shelter, retail and corporate businesses,
and a nightclub. A handful of attendees expressed
a desire not to use the space inside the Armory
for apartments. The biggest concern in reference
to operating the Armory was an unsustainable
business model, meaning there must be adequate
funding and a reliable and experienced entity
in charge of operations and maintenance of the
facility once in use.
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COMMUNITY FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT
From Town Hall Testimony, Feedback Forms, Email,
Facebook and Interviews
Recreation Subtopics Youth Subtopics
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We need to increase literacy rates and
decrease unemployment and idleness
of young people in our community.
- Hon. Letitia James
Most important is creating
a multipurpose space that is
accessible to community.
The Capstone Team conducted interviews with
a variety of stakeholders ranging from prominent
community members to local not-for-proft
organizations. Many of those interviewed are
key members of the community with great
knowledge of the history, strengths and current
needs of Crown Heights. Interviewees included
Councilwoman Letitia James, representatives
from Community Boards 8 and 9, leaders at
local not-for-proft organizations, and additional
community stakeholders. These interviews gave
the Capstone Team greater insight into what the
specifc needs of the Crown Heights community
are as well as where potential partnerships could
be formed as the project proceeds. See Appendix
III for stakeholder interview questions.
The main concerns and suggestions cited
from the stakeholder interviews were issues
of safety, offce space for local not-for-proft
organizations, indoor athletic facilities, and a
need for more activities and programming for
youth. The biggest challenges cited were fnding
adequate funding and ensuring that community
space at the Armory is safe and accessible to
all members of the racially-, ethnically- and
religiously-diverse community.
B. Stakeholder interviews
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8 . 0 Gu i di n g P r i n c i pl e s f o r t h e R e dev e l o pme n t P r o c e s s
8.0
Guiding Principles for the
Redevelopment Process
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8 . 0 Gu i di n g P r i n c i pl e s f o r t h e R e dev e l o pme n t P r o c e s s
In the process of reviewing feedback and conducting research, several guiding principles stand
out for consideration in the redevelopment process. These guiding principles may serve as a
strategic direction for the project and can be used to test certain assumptions and decisions
in the future. These guiding principles for the redevelopment of the Bedford-Union Armory are
separate from the recommendations laid out in this report. The redevelopment process should:
1. Ensure that the entire central Brooklyn
community is welcome in the process.
Central Brooklyn is home to a diverse population
representing many cultures, language groups,
religions, and generations. The success of the
Armory redevelopment process will be contingent
on a transparent planning process that includes
the whole community.
2. Build on current neighborhood assets
and be informed by exemplar models of site
development and service delivery.
Successful community centers build synergies
through strategic partnerships to leverage expertise
and capacity in fundraising, programming, and
community engagement.
3. Generate a vision of the neighborhoods
future and an implementation process for
realizing that vision.
The redevelopment of the Armory will likely be
a joint effort between the City of New York, the
community, and a third party. Cities typically
issue requests for proposals (RFPs) to attract
bids for the redevelopment of an armory from
real estate developers and/or public and not-for-
proft organizations. To the extent possible, the
operation of the site should be coordinated by
a not-for-proft entity relevant to the selected
programming. If a private developer is selected,
the City should partner with a not-for-proft or
community advocacy organization to ensure that
redevelopment efforts proceed in the communitys
best interest.
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9 . 0 R e c o mme n dat i o n s
9.0
Recommendations
Based on the history, research, and outreach detailed in this report, the Capstone Team has
developed recommendations for the future operation and uses of the Bedford-Union Armory. These
recommendations refect the desires of the community and incorporate site- and program-related
research. The Capstone Team hopes that these recommendations will serve as a framework for future
Armory planning and redevelopment efforts.
In the following section, we frst present guidelines for the operation of the Armory going forward, then
detail our recommended uses for the space, separated into drill hall and head house categories. We
provide three possible scenarios for the drill hall, but the frst, a multipurpose recreation center, is our
primary recommendation because it most directly addresses community feedback. In all scenarios,
we suggest that the head house accommodate community-focused services.
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In order to ensure that the Armory becomes and remains a vital community asset throughout the
development process and beyond, the Capstone Team recommends the following actions. A successful
community-serving space will require careful selection of an operator, fexibility in accommodating
different uses, and continued attention to the needs and perspectives of the people it serves.
A. Operational Guidelines
1. The Armory will require a primary
operator, a role often played by not-for-proft
organizations.
As not-for-profts, operating organizations can
receive grants and other funding sources not
available to private institutions. Private developers
often fnd large armories unattractive as business
ventures because they require signifcant capital
investment for redevelopment and ongoing
maintenance and their large spaces limit the types
of appropriate programming. Armories used as
private banquet halls, event spaces, and theaters
need constant programming and bookings in
order to turn a proft, which is not a simple task.
Not-for-proft organizations tend to be mission
driven and seek to reach the largest amount of
patrons possible by providing a variety of services
at differing levels of affordability. An additional
option is to partner with a local university that
is already invested in the neighborhood, and
that is likely to have resources and the technical
capacity to engage in a development project
of this nature. While we recommend a single-
operator model, some other sites are managed
by multiple entities (see Greenpoint Hospital
campus consortium example, p. 30).
2. Programming should be fexible, fnancially
sustainable, balanced, and affordable to
secure the Armory as a long-term community
resource.
Redeveloped armories often serve the communities
around them by providing public or community
resources. Because operating and maintaining an
armory can be costly, we recommend making the
Bedford-Union Armory redevelopment proposal
fexible enough to attract and accommodate a
diverse set of uses. Varied programming creates
more revenue streams and helps to engage a
larger audience of patrons. For example, the
drill hall could be home to athletic facilities, a
roller-skating rink, a large performing arts venue,
or flm studio facility. The head house could be
used for offce space, counseling services, and
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The Bedford-Union Armorys physical space essentially consists of two main areas, the drill hall and the
head house. Our recommendations for uses of the Armory fall into these two categories, because there are
possibilities for different types of uses in each one. For example, we recommend that the head house be
a space for community organizations to offer local activities and services, whether the drill hall is used for
community recreation (our primary recommendation), or run as a private sports-specifc complex or event center.
B. Use Recommendations
other community resources. Revenue could
be earned through several avenues, including
ticket sales, sliding scale membership fees,
and capital campaigns.
3. Ensure the Armory is a safe, welcoming
space for all members of the community.
The Armory should be guided by the community,
for the community, and rely to the extent possible
on local hiring and leadership. Creating a
community center that meets the needs of various
ethnic and religious groups and is a welcoming
and safe place may prove challenging, but by
engaging all potential stakeholders in the planning
and implementation process, the Bedford-
Union Armory will better refect and serve the
diversity of needs within the community. There
are committed and experienced not-for-profts,
community, and religious organizations in the
area whose guidance could prove invaluable
in this process.
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B.1.1 Multipurpose Community Recreation Center
See also: Broughton Hub, Salford, UK(p. 20); Park Slope Armory, Brooklyn, NY (p. 42);
Harlem Armory, Manhattan, NY (p. 43)
We need a
multipurpose,
multigenerational,
multicultural
facility with
services made
free of charge by
the borough and
greater city.
- Community
Resident
Multipurpose community recreation centers offer an array of
services, activities, and spaces that help enrich the lives of
local residents and strengthen the communities around them.
Often developed in response to insuffcient local recreation
opportunities and social services, these multifunctional centers
provide amenities such as gym facilities and exercise classes,
in addition to classroom space, arts spaces, and offces for
social service providers. The benefts to neighborhood capital
range from improving public health, to flling services gaps, to
stimulating local art scenes, to enhancing the overall quality
of life.
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A multipurpose recreation center is an optimal
use for the Armorys drill hall. It would allow
for sports such as basketball, volleyball, indoor
soccer, badminton, street hockey, and tennis,
among others, to take place in the same space
without dividing the drill hall. Through diverse
programming, strategic partnerships, and creative
design, a multipurpose community recreation
center could target multiple populations and
enhance neighborhood capital. It has the
potential to be a safe space where individuals
gather to learn, share skills, and do activities
together. Large, underutilized buildings such
as armories are ideal places for multipurpose
centers and, once activated, can become
transformative community assets.
The multipurpose community center would
address many of the issues and satisfy many
of the needs of the surrounding community
including:
Lack of access to physical recreation
facilities
Physical inactivity, obesity, and type 2
diabetes concerns
Inadequate community services, specif-
cally youth and seniors programs
Concerns about lack of safe community
spaces
Need for youth development services
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Rendering of Armory as multipurpose recreation center
Current Armory
Multipurpose community recreation
centers aim to provide services and
amenities to as many subsets of
the local population as possible.
Within the Bedford-Union Armory,
programming can and should be
designed to meet the needs of
children, teenagers, families, and
seniors.
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Rendering of Armory exterior
If Armory programming is concentrated on any one of these populations, additional services and
activities that beneft other groups should also be provided. Sports facilities in the drill hall should
be designed and use materials to allow for maximum fexibility; courts for one sport should be easily
converted into space for another, or for events involving large gatherings of people. Ideally, the
programs, services, and activities offered will be utilized by and benefcial to various populations
while simultaneously addressing one or more areas of concern within the community.
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B.1.2 Sports-Specifc Complex
See also: Fort Washington Avenue Armory, Manhattan, NY (p. 44)
A sports-specifc complex would operate as
a for-proft recreation space dedicated to one
activity throughout the entire drill hall. Under this
scenario, the redeveloped Armory could also
offer recreation opportunities to the community
but it would primarily serve as a catalyst for
economic development through job creation,
business attraction, and revenue generation
to adequately operate the facility. Sports-
specifc complexes that have been executed
in similar spaces include roller-skating rinks,
roller derby facilities, rock climbing gyms, and
skateboarding & BMX parks. Some of these
examples are open to the public at set times,
reserved for local schools or organizations at
others, and periodically closed for competitions
and other events.
The only example named above that was explicitly
mentioned by members of the Crown Heights
community at the Town Hall meeting was the
roller-skating rink and roller derby option. The
Empire Roller Skating Center, the last large-
scale roller rink in Brooklyn, closed in 2007 and
it is sorely missed by many within the Crown
Heights community and beyond.
84
At the Town
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Hall meeting, community members expressed
their desire for roller-skating facilities to return
to Crown Heights by way of the Armory. The
drill hall is large enough to ft a skating rink with
space for seating, party space, concessions
and skate rental and cleaning facilities, leaving
the remaining 20,000 to 30,000 SF for other
recreation purposes.
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The benefts of this model include its potential
to stimulate the local economy by attracting
non-residents to the neighborhood. In addition,
the revenue produced by the operation of the
sports-specifc complex could help maintain
the Armory or subsidize community programs
located in the head house or elsewhere in the
neighborhood as part of the overarching CBI
initiative. A private complex could also be utilized
for summer camps and afterschool programs for
local youth. Depending on design and layout,
this model could allow for alternative uses on a
small scale in sections of the Armory not used
for the main sporting activity.
While the benefts are enticing, the narrow
market niche may pose business risks and is
unlikely meet the needs of the local community.
Furthermore, signifcant investment may be
required to create a competition venue with
ample seating space as the Armory has limited
seating capacity at the moment. Other issues
to consider when pursuing this model would
be the need for parking and an experienced
venue operator. Finally, the zoning changes
and permits described in this report may
not necessarily apply for this use, limiting its
fnancial feasibility.
Implementing a sports-specifc complex would
be a unique economic development strategy
for the Crown Heights neighborhood. The
redevelopment and initial fnancing of such
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B.1.3 Event-Entertainment Venue
See also: Portland Center Stage Armory, Portland, OR (p. 32); Park Avenue Armory,
Manhattan, NY(p. 44); Main Street Armory, Rochester, NY (p. 45)
As already noted, the Armory is a unique facility with ample
space. A viable third option for the drill hall could be as a
space for special events and entertainment.
As described above, the drill halls at many comparable
armories have been transformed into performance venues,
art exhibition spaces, and rental facilities for special events.
A venue for events and entertainment could begin to address
I would like
to see the
continuing use
of this armory
as a site for flm
production.
- Community
Resident
a project could be complicated, but a for-proft operator might offer a sustainable approach to
maintaining the facility. However, the community uses and services in such a complex would be
secondary to the main mission of the facility; therefore, any programming would likely have minimal
impact on the community.
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concerns about a lack of jobs voiced by the
Crown Heights community. It was also noted
by current New York State Division of Military
and Naval Affairs staff that companies flming
movies at the Armory are seen by the community
as welcome support of the local economy. In
addition, some locals derive pride from having
their local armory featured in a blockbuster
movie.
Converting the drill hall into an event or
entertainment space could create the revenue
necessary to support more community-focused
services housed in the head house portion of the
Armory. The beneft of this model is that different
organizations, local and otherwise, could utilize
the facility for a variety of uses, expanding the
exposure and potential customer base of the
site. Depending on the programming developed
on site, the community may have access to new
art forms and exhibits that normally might not
come to this area of Brooklyn. Entertainment
or event-specifc uses could include:
Visual art exhibitions
Musical or theatrical performances
Movie productions
Career/job fairs
Conventions, conferences and ceremonies
Trade shows
Markets (art fairs, green markets, fea
markets)
Converting the Armory for entertainment or event-
specifc uses could require signifcant capital
investment as permanent structures such as stages,
seating, and other venue infrastructure may be
necessary. These capital expenses would require
consistent programming to generate enough
revenue to cover long-term maintenance and
the amortization of the development fnancing.
Some revenue-generating operations, such
as trade shows and markets, would require
less capital investment and the drill hall could
be used more or less as is. However, many of
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B.2 Head House
The Armorys 50,000 SF head house is divided into many rooms of different sizes, over three
foors (including the basement). These rooms have the potential to house a variety of uses, and
it is our recommendation that the head house space is used to provide community services.
Studio space for the arts, as well as offce space for community organizations could be located
in the head house. There are spaces conducive to being fexible, shared spaces for gatherings,
these uses are infrequent, which would often
leave the drill hall vacant and reduce potential
revenue generation.
A simplifed event/entertainment space could
be pursued by making modest improvements
to the drill halls heating and insulation and
ensuring compliance with fre code and the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These
general improvements are necessary no matter
what the Armorys fnal use. By programming
the space for several types of events, such as
a fea market and community movie viewing,
different clients could occupy the Armory
during different times of the day, maximizing
use of the space and helping to create the
revenues necessary for long-term operational
stability.
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parents and caregivers, as well as residents
and youth advocates who are troubled by
seeing young people spending the afternoon
and evening hours on the streets. Space and
activities for youth can be particularly valuable in
the area near the Armory, where nearly one-third
of families are headed by single parents.
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Afterschool programs can take different forms
and have a variety of specializations, depending
on the age of the children, the kind of support
and services that are needed in the community,
and the kinds of resources available to provide
them. Programs often focus on physical skill
development or art and creative activities,
though those are by no means the only types.
Ifetayo Cultural Arts Academy in Brooklyn, for
example, offers dance, cultural heritage, and
fnancial literacy courses.
recreational classes, and the like. There is also space for rooms to house more constant,
permanent uses, such as arts facilities with materials, furniture, and storage, and offce and
program space for community service organizations. For additional information on many of
the services listed below pleasesee Appendix IV.
B.2.1 Youth Services
Mentoring
Mentoring is a form of one-on-one instruction
that aims to empower youth participants by
providing role models and opportunities for
positive life experiences that help address any
unmet needs in a childs life. For youth who
may have problems at home, in school or in
their personal lives, mentoring has been known
to have profound impacts on social skills,
decision making, academic performance, school
attendance, likelihood of attending college,
self-esteem, and generally improve the lifetime
opportunities of participants.
86
The Armorys
accessible location and the expressed desire
of community members for positive role models
and alternatives for youth make it a promising
space for basing mentoring programs.
Afterschool Programs
Providing afterschool programs for youth in the
Armorys community is important to working
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People, especially youth, need jobs and places to go. The
corner is not a good place for our young people to grow up.
B.2.2 Senior Services
From Meals-on-Wheels to seniors recreation, the
aging population makes use of a wide variety of
specifc activities and services. Eleven percent
of residents in CDs 8 and 9 are over sixty-
fve, whereas in Brooklyn twelve percent are.
However, the senior population of CDs 8 and 9
has increased by eleven percent over the past
ten years, much faster than it has in Brooklyn
(2%) or New York City as a whole (6%).
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Apart from housing organizations that offer
in-home support or transportation for the
elderly, senior space in the Armory is likely most
suited to recreation, health and wellness, and
education. These purposes could be served by
engaging organizations or individuals that offer,
for example, senior exercise classes or health
and wellness counseling. Flexible and shared
spaces in the building may also provide a place
for intergenerational education and skill sharing,
such as knitting, cooking, and music.
B.2.3 Workforce Development
Services
Career and workforce development initiatives
are often essential components of neighborhood
revitalization efforts. Frequently requested by
the community (11% of community feedback),
career and workforce development programs
vary in their composition and generally provide
a suite of services aimed at linking individuals
with job training and placements. While such
programs exist in central Brooklyn, some are
open by appointment only and there is unmet
demand for the services they provide. Locating
in the head house could extend the reach of
established organizations like the NYC Department
of Small Business Services Workforce1 or the
Center for Professional Education at Medgar
Evers College. The Armory could also house
job training programs targeted specifcally for
youth. There is a strong network of youth training
programs in New York that could act as models
and/or partners in developing this component
of the Armory.
88
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B.2.4 Community Services
Community Kitchen
Community kitchens operate in a variety of
settings and can be designed to accommodate
a range of community needs. A 1,480 SF kitchen
already exists within the Armory, providing a
compelling opportunity to create a cooking space
accessible to all. A community kitchen could offer
a variety of programs on health, nutrition, and
food preparation and allow residents of different
cultures to learn and experience the food of their
fellow neighbors.
89
Additionally this space could
be rented in conjunction with events that take
place in the Armory, providing needed kitchen
facilities for community functions. Should the
kitchen be upgraded, it could also be used as a
catering facility or be linked with programs like
the 3rd Ward culinary incubator creating local
jobs and affordable cooking space.
Work Share
The Armory is centrally located within a residential
neighborhood, making it an ideal location to house
time-share and skill-share programs. These kinds
of work share programs allow local residents to
teach others unique skills, from basket weaving
to investing, while strengthening community
connections and expanding knowledge.
Computer and Multimedia Facility
Currently, few options for public computer
access exist in central Brooklyn. Given the
shortage of publicly available computers in the
area and the increasing importance of computer
literacy in educational and workplace settings,
the Armory could provide an essential service
through the addition of a computer lab and
multimedia facility. Linking the computer lab to
the work share system described would add value
and be a great amenity for the neighborhood.
Additionally, computer and multimedia facilities
at the Armory could develop capacity among
local youth in computer sciences and information
technology. Classes and training programs
could span a range from basic computer and
Internet literacy to programming and multimedia
production. Classes could supplement and extend
what is currently available in area schools and
prepare participating youth for internships and
employment in the growing feld of information
technology.
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B.2.5 Community Arts
Programming
The Armory could offer a variety of programs in
art, music, theater and dance for adults, youth
and seniors. The addition of studio, performance,
and gallery spaces could facilitate the growth
of the local arts community in central Brooklyn.
Partnerships with local art organizations and
neighborhood artists, similar to THE POINT in
the Bronx, could further enrich the Armorys
programming.
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B.2.6 Day Care
The Armory could be an appropriate place to
house a day care center for young children.
There are multiple day care centers in the area,
but considering that nearly one-third of family
households within a mile of the Armory are
headed by single parents, providing space for
day care could offer on-site childcare options to
parents and caregivers while they utilize other
community services within the Armory.
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C. Additional
Recomendations
The following additional recommendations
are useful considerations for any possible
development scenario of the Armory. While not
necessarily use-specifc, they are important and
should be considered and integrated where
possible. The following conceptsof rentable
space for revenue generation, high-tech/wif
capacity for nearby access, green infrastructure
improvements, and sliding scale service
pricingcould be incorporated into any future
revitalization efforts of the Armory. For additional
information on some of these items please see
Appendix V.
C.1 Rentable Space
Identifying ways in which the Armory can
generate revenue is key to its long-term fscal
sustainability. One such mechanism by which
to generate revenue is to provide space within
the Armory that is available for short-, long-term
and event specifc rental. Many armories in New
York and elsewhere rent out spaces for offce
use and private events. Renting out the kitchen
in conjunction with other spaces could boost
the competitiveness of the Armory as an event
location, as well as provide affordable kitchen
facilities for community events. Especially if
the kitchen is upgraded, the space could be
used as a hub for caterers and large events
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such as those that the Jewish community has
previously held at the Armory. Depending on
the ultimate functionality of the Armory, space
rentals to individuals and groups based in the
community could help achieve the goals of the
Armory and CBI while providing needed revenue
for the facilitys operations. In addition, there
could be signifcant value to the community in
offering free rentals of Armory space for civic
events such as graduations and town hall
meetings. Additionally, renting space within
the Armory could also be a temporary use until
development plans are solidifed.
C.2 High-Tech Capacity
Internet connectivity is increasingly a requirement
for socioeconomic inclusion.
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In New York
City as across the country, a clear gap exists
between those with broadband Internet access
and those without. A number of companies,
public agencies, and not-for-proft organizations
work to bridge the digital divide by extending
Internet service to previously under-connected
areas.
93
Given the lack of public connectivity in
the area, the Armory could become a wireless
Internet hub in similar fashion. Outftted with
distribution hardware, it could serve a valuable
role by projecting wireless Internet out into the
surrounding community.
C.3 Solar Capacity
Many parts of New York City are embracing
greener technologies that help capture the
power of nature and create more sustainable
homes and businesses, less reliant on dirty
energy sources. With a roof area of over 55,000
SF, the solar potential of this roof is unrivaled
by any in the area. According to some rough
calculations from the National Renewable Energy
Laboratorys (NREL) calculation tool, the roof
has the capacity to produce 1,588,475 kWh of
electricity per month, or nearly $275,000 worth
of electricity, based on current electricity rates.
These projections are only estimates and have
a range of +/- 30% due to weather patterns,
snow cover, shadows, energy rates, and other
external factors.
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While the exact production
is unknown, the potential is encouraging.
This power production could help support the
electricity demands of operating the Armory
and serve as an example of renewable energy
at work in the community.
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green roofs, which are meant for more human
interaction and require ongoing maintenance.
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The thought of using this space to harvest
produce was raised by the community, but ruled
out due to roof access and safety concerns at
these sites.
Rainwater harvesting is another way to reduce
operating costs and further set an example
of sustainable practices in the neighborhood.
Rainwater harvesting systems collect rainfall
and store it for subsequent use, which reduces
runoff and provides an alternate water source.
To store the water captured from runoff, plastic
barrels or cisterns are placed at the base of a
roof and are connected to drainage pipes. This
water is then treated and purifed and can be
used onsite instead of or as a compliment to
normal plumbing. Given the size of the Armory
C.4 Green Infrastructure
In addition to energy production, green
infrastructure also includes modifcations to the
current operations and structure of the building
that may create energy savings and reduce waste.
Several options of green infrastructure described
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
were considered, but green roofs and rainwater
harvesting were determined to be the most viable
and useful for this site. Green roofs, which consist
of planting vegetation on roofs in order to collect
rainwater runoff, provide insulation, and reduce
heat generation caused by black tar roofs. The
head house may be able to utilize a green roof
infrastructure; but due to a lack of safe access
to the smaller roof areas, extensive green roofs,
which consist of natural grasses and require little
maintenance are recommended over intensive
Solar Panels on Brooklyn
Heights Building
Source: The Epoch Times
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roof and strength of the structure to support a
large cistern for collection, including a rainwater
harvesting system may be an appropriate
environmentally sustainable practice for the
facility.
C.5 Sliding Scale Pricing
To the extent possible, community programs
and services at the Armory should be affordable
to a wide range of local residents. A number
of community facilities around the country
accomplish broad affordability through a sliding
scale, allowing for variation in price based
on the local residents ability to pay. While not
necessarily enough to cover expenses or realize
a proft, this cost structure allows a facility
to earn some revenue and supplement other
funding sources while providing opportunities
to as many people as possible and fostering an
inclusionary community. The Parks & Recreation
Department in Durham, NC charges on a sliding
scale for its afterschool programs at their many
recreation centers;
97
the Jamestown Community
Center in San Francisco, CA does the same for
a range of activities from sports to camping to
performing arts.
98
Local affliates of national
organizations sometimes offer sliding scales
as well, as the Boys & Girls Club in Bristol, TN
does for summer programs and many YMCAs do
for memberships.
99
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1 0 . 0 Dev e l o pme n t P o t e n t i al
10.0
Development Potential
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In order to repurpose the Armory into any of the proposed recommendations above, the zoning
needs to be reviewed for its applicability to these new uses. Also, given the cost of redeveloping
such a large space, utilizing the full build-out potential of the Armory lot should be considered.
Bedford-Union Armory Current Structure Bedford-Union Armory Potential Build-out
Location: BoroUgHBrookLyn, BLock: 1274, Lot: 1
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As was previously noted, the Armory has a footprint of approximately 122,000 SF, contains nearly
138,000 SF of space and consists of several sections, the drill hall, head house, and parking garage.
Please refer to Appendix I for detailed schematics and room index.
Before discussing the build-out potential of the Armory, it is frst necessary to briefy discuss its
current zoning. All of New York City is divided into zones that dictate the type (residential, commercial,
manufacturing, etc.) of development allowed and the requirements/ limitations for buildings in those
areas. The Armory is currently located in an R6 Residential zoning district.
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Source: NYC Planning Commission
The zoning code consists of many regulations,
some of which include: the Floor Area Ratio
(FAR), the ratio of total building foor area to
the area of its zoning lot; the Open Space Ratio
(OSR), the amount of lot area that must remain
open; and the required amount of parking per
dwelling units.
101
The Armory pre-dates New York
Citys zoning code, but the district in which it is
located has a FAR dependent on use, such as
residential, residential with community facility, or
all community facility. When multiplied by the lot
area, the FAR produces the maximum amount
of foor area allowable on that zoning lot.
The Armory is built to signifcantly less than the
permitted foor area (see Permitted Zoning
table, p. 76). The site has been evaluated to
determine the appropriateness of optimizing the
available foor area potential. Since the Armory
is in good condition, especially in comparison
with other armories throughout New York City,
we recommend keeping the drill hall and head
house sections of the building. We also propose
replacing the existing parking facility with new
development.
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The parking facility is a one-story extension
at the eastern end of the site that was added
many years after the original construction. The
interior and exterior aesthetics of this parking
facility are not congruent with the rest of the
structure. Using the remainder of development
rights to build new construction on this section
of the site would create an additional revenue
source for the Armory redevelopment project.
Any project on this site should be residential to
maximize revenues and match the zoning on
the site and with the surrounding neighborhood
context. However, all parties involved in such
a project should be sensitive to the concerns
of community residents and neighbors; large-
scale development and new construction can
change traffc volumes and patterns, interfere with
existing light and shadow balances for nearby
buildings, increase noise levels, and otherwise
alter peoples experiences of their homes.
The site is currently zoned R6, but to maximize
potential revenue sources to support community
uses in the Armory, we further recommend an
up-zoning be pursued to increase zoning to R7-1.
Such an increase has local precedents; Tivoli
Towers and Crown Heights Gardens are R7-1
Residential districts nearby with taller apartment
buildings. [See Appendix VI for a land use map of
the area.] This up-zoning from R6 to R7-1 would
increase residential development potential from
approximately 300,000 SF to over 420,000 SF.
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Zoning Modifications Recommended
*Exceed limitation according to fexibility provided by Special Permit
**Total buildable lot will be based on accommodating height-factor
and light and air regulations
Given that the Armorys drill hall would be
retained, the area of the drill hall structure itself
would exceed the open space requirement for
residential development. In order to capture the
available development rights, we recommend
pursuing a special permit using the Large-Scale
General Development zoning tool (NYC Zoning
Code, Section 74-74). The special permit would
allow modifcation of standard regulations in
addressing the open space requirements and
deviation from the standard sky exposure plane
and rear yard regulations. Without this special
permit, the Armory would need to be removed
to accommodate additional development. In
order to accomplish this rezoning and special
permits, the Armory must go through a Uniform
Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP). The
ULURP is a public review process mandated
by the City Charter, which sets a timeframe for
public participation for all changes in zoning
and special permit requests.
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Development Potential
The potential residential property of approximately 420,000 SF could be built on the former lot
area of the parking facility and could provide more than four hundred residential units (assuming
1,000 SF units) and an ongoing funding mechanism for the community center housed in the
Armory. There are many ways this building could be constructed in a manner consistent with
contextual conditions in the surrounding area. Please see Appendix VII for a detailed analysis
of this development scenario.
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Bedford-Union Armory Potential Build-out
View of potential Armory Build-out from corner of
Bedford Ave. and Union St. looking east
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Financing
A full examination of possible Armory redevelopment scenarios is beyond the scope of this report.
There are numerous options for how to divide, sell, fnance, and develop this new property. Providing
affordable housing in the residential development could be considered though it will be necessary to
balance the proportion of housing types with the fnancial feasibility and proftability of the project.
A full evaluation of possible fnancial and operational structures should accompany any planning
for the Armorys redevelopment. However, there are several development options worth noting that
could support funding the revitalization of the Armory itself; these are presented below.
Sale of the Entire Lot for Redevelopment
The sale for redevelopment of the parking facility
lot could help directly fund the revitalization of the
Armory. While the Armory is in good condition,
considerable investment is still necessary in
order to bring it up to current building standards
and create the quality community facility the
neighborhood needs. These funds must come
from somewhere. As of the writing of this report,
Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz has
pledged $1 million to the Armory redevelopment
efforts. It is certain that a considerable amount
more will be necessary. Public funds could be
sought from other agencies and government
sources, but selling the lot is a straightforward
and viable option for this project.
The one-time earnings from such a sale may not
fully cover total development costs associated
with planning, implementing, and operating a
community facility. Such proceeds would need to
be supplemented with other streams, including
funds from municipal agencies or by a contracted
private operator (e.g. the YMCA, as at the Park
Slope Armory).
Modifed Sale of Parking Facility Lot, with
Conditions
An alternate option involves selling the parking
facility lot for lower than market value with the
condition that the buyer must pay an annual fee
towards the operations of the adjoining community
facility. This transactional structure guarantees a
revenue stream for the Armory, reducing the need
for public fnancial involvement. Also, with lower
upfront costs, the developer may be able to build
the project faster, bringing needed economic
development and a new community facility to
the area more quickly. In addition, by paying an
annual fee towards the upkeep of the Armory,
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the developer is making a promise to stay
connected with the community, a necessary
component for this projects success.
Payment In Lieu of Taxes
Similar to receiving payments on an ongoing
basis, the City may want to pursue a fnancial
mechanism called Payments in Lieu of Taxes
or PILOTs. PILOTs are agreements between
property owners and the City whereby the
property owner makes payments to a specifc
entity in lieu of taxes paid to the city.
102
Growing
in popularity among municipalities around the
country, PILOTs are often used to raise funds
for a specifc program or project.
103

Brooklyn Bridge Park uses this same model
to fund the operations of the park. Under their
agreement, real estate taxes from residential
buildings within the Brooklyn Bridge Park Project
Area are not paid to the Citys general fund but
are earmarked for the parks maintenance and
operations.
104

This type of fnancial structure could assist in the
ongoing maintenance of the Armory community
facility, while allowing residential development
on the adjacent lot. However, given New York
Citys current fnancial constraints, the City may
be hesitant to allow PILOTs on new development,
essentially giving up real estate tax revenue to
fund the operations of the site. This system is
more likely to work if the Armory is used for
community centered purposes and the operator
is a not-for-proft entity, thus providing a public
service to the community.
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1 1 . 0 I mme di at e Nex t S t e ps
11.0
Immediate Next Steps
The redevelopment of the Bedford-Union Armory
is likely to take many years to complete and
require coordination among many entities. The
full potential wont be realized until ownership,
zoning, and planning issues are appropriately
addressed. While these topics will take time to
tackle, there are other items that can begin in the
interim and should be considered the frst steps
towards the Armorys future. We recommend
utilizing the Armory for temporary uses that
require minimal improvements, surveying the
building and making any necessary upgrades
for any future development, and starting a task
force that can carry the planning and community
outreach efforts forward.
1. Secure the transfer of the
Armory from the State to the
City
The Armory is currently owned and operated by
the New York State National Guard. While it is in
the process of being transferred from the State
to City ownership, this transfer is necessary to
begin any redevelopment effort. The City will take
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ownership of the property under the Department
of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS), who
will process the property and decide which avenue
or agency is best to manage the redevelopment
process. No matter which agency is eventually
tasked with the redevelopment process, this
transfer of ownership is essential to begin the
visioning process.
2. Temporary Uses
The Armory should be open in some form
before redevelopment is complete. Increasingly
considered as an interim step in the activation
of vacant lots and underutilized buildings,
temporary uses can add immediate neighborhood
amenities such as greenmarkets and performing
arts spaces or act as short-term incubators for
innovative businesses.
105
The DeKalb Market
offers an example of the strategy at work in
nearby downtown Brooklyn. Temporary uses of
the Armory could offer benefts to the community
and the City while giving time for fundraising
and redevelopment planning process. The City
or Borough could try to market the facility as
a flm location, especially given its previous
use for this purpose. Community open houses
and tours would give stakeholders additional
opportunities to see the space and envision its
future use.
3. Survey of Bui ldi ng
Condition
Once open, the Armory could present safety
and security challenges depending on the
number and schedule of different groups using
its various spaces. The National Guard has
made capital improvements in recent years,
including updating the womens locker room
and replacing two boilers. The latter represents
a signifcant investment that allows the Armory
to satisfy 2011 clean heating oil regulations
from the NYC Department of Environmental
Protection.
106
However, the building does not
currently meet NYC Building Code for ingress/
egress or ADA standards for accessibility. In
addition, the basement-level fring range has
been closed due to asbestos leaks and would
require remediation. A comprehensive survey
of the facility is recommended to determine the
full set of modifcations necessary to bring the
building up to code.
4. Task Force
It is our recommendation that the BBPO establish
a task force to continue evaluating redevelopment
possibilities for the Armory. This report outlines
the context of the Armory and possibilities for
its redevelopment; further research, outreach,
and public engagement will be required to
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formalize next steps in the activation of the Armory. While the BBPO has extensive experience in
creating such groups, we highlight here a few key points that should help mobilize and inform an
Armory task force.
107

1. Determine the mission, scope, and goals at the outset to build consensus among task force
members and the community.
2. Establish a process or processes to determine task force members. A mix of appointments and
self-selection could help balance the membership among community leaders and committed local
residents.
3. Select task force members that represent a full cross-section of stakeholders. The full
membership should refect the demographics of the area and include active organizations, institutions,
community development experts, businesses, and local leaders.
4. Facilitate the task forces work through logistical planning, technical assistance, and research
and analytical support.
5. Promote transparency and engagement with the community throughout the process by soliciting
additional input from stakeholders present at the Town Hall, interviewed in this report, or otherwise
interested in the Armory and CBI.
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1 2 . 0 Co n c l u s i o n
12.0
Conclusion
Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz has
identifed a unique opportunity to establish the
Bedford-Union Armory as a keystone for central
Brooklyn. Crown Heights is a culturally rich and
diverse neighborhood working to overcome
signifcant social and economic challenges, and
the Armory can play a crucial role bringing the
community together.
To evaluate possibilities for the future of the Armory,
the NYU Wagner Capstone Team performed in-depth
research on comparable armory redevelopments
and multifaceted community initiatives from around
New York City and across the globe. Tasked with
gathering stakeholder input, we engaged the
community through an Open House at the Armory,
a Town Hall meeting, social media and email
communication, and stakeholder interviews.
The Capstone Teams primary recommendation is to
convert the Armory into a multipurpose community
center that houses recreation facilities, social
services, and meeting and learning spaces for
people of all cultures, ages and backgrounds.
We recommend that the building be used to
provide space for new and existing community
organizations and institutions. The expansive
drill hall can offer the recreational and athletic
facilities community members desire, while the
rooms in the head house can provide space
for local organizations to have offces, meeting
places, and programming opportunities.
In order to be fnancially sustainable, the facilitys
operation may beneft from public-private
partnerships, and redevelopment opportunities
for underused parts of the Armorys lot should
be explored. The Capstone Team strongly
recommends continued engagement with
dedicated community residents and organizations
as the redevelopment process continues. We
envision a bright future for central Brooklyn,
with the Bedford-Union Armory at the forefront
of this ongoing revitalization.
8 5
13.0
Endnotes
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87
American Community Survey 2007-2009 3-year estimates for census tracts within one mile of Armory.
88
U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010.
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90
THE POINT Community Development Corporation website.

91
Please see the NYC Dept of City Plannings Community District Profiles for complete lists of day care
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92
Dharma Dailey, et al. "Broadband Adoption in Low-Income Communities." Social Science Research
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99
See e.g. YMCA of Greater Hartford, CT http://www.ghymca.org/membershipForAll.cfm; YMCA of
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101
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107
Task force resources include: the Campaign for Community-Based Planning,
http://communitybasedplanning.wordpress.com/; US Department of Transportation,
http://contextsensitivesolutions.org/content/reading/organizing/; US Department of Housing & Urban
Development, http://www.huduser.org/publications/rbcpubs/creatinglocal.html.

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"Visitacion Valley Community Center." The Beehive San Francisco. Accessed March 24, 2012.
http://sf.thebeehive.org/internet-safety/computer-technology-centers-san-
francisco/visitacion-valley-community-center.
Wainwright Photos. Museum of Science and Technology (Photograph). Museum of Science and
Technology, Syracuse. Accessed December 10, 2011.
http://www.bcnys.org/album/pages/Museum-of-Science-and-Technology_jpg.htm.
Waxman, Andrea. "Patrons, Providers Welcome Healthier Meals at Agape Community
Center." Neighborhood News Service Milwaukee, September 28, 2011. Accessed
February 25, 2012. http://www.milwaukeenns.org/blog/2011/09/28/patrons-providers-
welcome-healthier-meals-at-agape-community-center/.
"We Are Here to Start Something." Big Impact Proven Results-Big Brothers Big Sisters. Accessed
March 06, 2012.
http://www.bbbs.org/site/c.9iILI3NGKhK6F/b.5961035/k.A153/Big_impact8212proven_re
sults.htm.
Whitehurst, Grover J. and Michelle Croft. The Harlem Childrens Zone, Promise Neighborhoods,
and the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education. July 20, 2010. The Brookings Institution:
Brown Center on Education Policy at Brookings. Accessed March 21, 2012.
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2010/0720_hcz_whitehurst/0720_hcz_
whitehurst.pdf
Woods, Mark. Opened 1895. Reinvented 2010. YMCA of Greater New York, Brooklyn. Accessed
January 10, 2012. http://www.ymcanyc.org/park-slope-armory-ymca/park-slope-armory-
ymca/facility/.
YMCA of Greater Hartford, CT. Accessed February 29, 2012.
http://www.ghymca.org/membershipForAll.cfm
YMCA of Greenville, SC. Accessed February 29, 2012.
http://www.ymcagreenville.org/membershipgit.php
YMCA of Greater Richmond, VA. Accessed February 29, 2012.
http://www.ymcarichmond.org/affordable/
"Youth Apprenticeship Program." Rochester General Hospital. Accessed February 10, 2012.
http://www.rochestergeneral.org/rochester-general-health-system/healthcare-
professionals/residency-and-training-programs/youth-apprenticeship-program/.
"Youth Mentoring: Programs and Practices That Work." American Youth Policy Forum. Accessed
March 21, 2012. http://www.aypf.org/forumbriefs/2006/fb091506.htm.
Yuma Private Industry Council. Accessed March 24, 2012. http://www.ypic.com/.
15.0
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APPENDIX I: SCHEMATICS AND ROOM INFORMATION
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Bedford-Union Armory Floor Plan Index
FLOOR
ROOM
#/NAME
SQ/FT OCCUPANT/USE ROOM CONDITION LAN PHONE
1st 100 154 NONE FAIR, FLOOR NEEDS
REFURBISH
NO NO
1st 101 304 RECRUITER GOOD YES YES
1st 102 NONE GOOD NO NO
1st 103 169 SWITCHBOARD ROOM FAIR, FLOOR NEEDS
RETILE
YES NO
1st 103a 221 SUPERINTENDENT OFFICE GOOD, FLOOR NEEDS
REFURBISH
YES YES
1st 104 1117 NCO CLUB FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 104a 119 NCO CLUB KITCHEN POOR, NEEDS REHAB NO NO
1st 105 4254 GYM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 105a 119 GYM LATERINE FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 106 1054 EMERGENCY OFFICE POOR, NEEDS REHAB YES NO
1st 107 604 STATE SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 108 1490 FEMALE LOCKER ROOM GOOD NO NO
1st 109 481 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO
1st 110 1490 222 CHEM CO FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 111 480 222 CHEM CO FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO
1st 112 1490 MESS HALL FAIR, PAINT PEELING NO NO
1st 113 480 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO
1st 114 1490 KITCHEN GOOD NO NO
1st 115 335 SALT ROOM POOR, NEEDS REHAB NO NO
1st 116 1490 222 CHEM CO MALE LOCKER
ROOM
FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 117 480 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS YES NO
1st 118 1490 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 119 607 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM POOR, NEEDS REHAB YES NO
1st 120 1067 42 TAC 2 SUPPLY ROOM FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 121 134 EMPTY ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE
CEILING
NO NO
1st 122 134 EMPTY ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE
CEILING
NO NO
1st 123 134 42 TAC 2 ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE
CEILING
NO NO
1st 124 134 222 CHEM CO ARMS VAULT FAIR FALLING CONCRETE
CEILING
NO NO
1st 125 848 OLD OMS#12 STORAGE
ROOM (EMPTY)
FAIR, NEEDS REPAIRS NO NO
1st 126 4004 OLD OMS# 12 SHOP/OFFICE
(EMPTY)
GOOD YES YES
FLOOR
ROOM
#/NAME
1st CAGING AREA (EMPTY) FAIR, NEEDS FLOOR
REPLACED
NO NO
1st EMPTY OMS#12 BATTERY ROOM
NONE
GOOD NO NO
1st EMPTY OMS#12 BREAK, LOCKER &
STORAG
GOOD NO NO
1st EMPTY OMS# 12 VEHICLE STORAGE
AREA
GOOD NO NO
1st DRILL HALL FLOOR FAIR, STEEL GRIDDERS,
WINDOWS, HEAT REPAIR
NO NO

2nd 201 1055 NONE POOR CEILING PAINT
PEELING & FLOOR REPAIR
YES YES
2nd 202 360 222 CHEM CONFERENCE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd 202a 180 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO
2nd 202b 38 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A
2nd 204 338 222 CHEMICAL ADMIN
OFFICE
FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd 204a 181 222 CHEMICAL ADMIN STOR.
SUPP
FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO
2nd 204b 41 222 CHEMICAL LATERINE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A
2nd 205 342 222 CHEMICALTRAIN & 1ST
SGT
FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd 206 105 222 CHEMICALCMDR OFFICE FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd 206a 44 222 CHEMICAL CMDR
LATERINE
FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A
2nd 207 270 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd 207a 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A
2nd 208 153 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO
2nd 208a 180 222 CHEM CO FAIR NEEDS REPAIR YES YES
2nd Balcony A 27 NO N/A N/A
2nd Balcony B 772 NO POOR CEILING NEEDS
REPAIR & AREA
N/A N/A
2nd Balcony C 253 NO N/A N/A
2nd Balcony D 785 NO POOR CEILING NEEDS
REPAIR & AREA
N/A N/A

3rd 300 375 NONE POOR CEILING FALLING &
AREA REPAIRS
NO NO
3rd 301 175 FEMALE LATERINE GOOD N/A N/A
3rd 302 794 42 TAC 2 CONFERENCE
ROOM
POOR CEILING FALLING &
AREA REPAIRS
NO NO
FLOOR
ROOM
#/NAME
3rd 302a 42 TAC 2 CONFERENCE
ROOM SINK CLOSET
GOOD N/A N/A
3rd 303 415 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES
3rd 305a 334 42 TAC 2 GOOD NO NO
3rd 305b 334 42 TAC 2 FAIR NEEDS REPAIR NO NO
3rd 306a 306 42 TAC 2 FAIR NEEDS REPAIR N/A N/A
3rd 307a 148 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES
3rd 307b 148 42 TAC 2 GOOD YES YES
3rd 308 102 MALE LATERINE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
N/A N/A

Basement B 1 214 STATE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
NO NO
Basement B1a 213 STATE RM KITCHEN POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
NO NO
Basement B1b 194 STATE LOCKERROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
NO NO
Basement B1c 930 STATE STORAGE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
NO NO
Basement B2 66 ELECTRICAL ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B3 3261 LOCKERROOM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B3a 65 LOCKERROOM CLOSET FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B3b 488 LOCKERROOM LATERINE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B3c 1623 LOCKERROOM REAR FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B3d 550 LOCKERROOM SHOWER FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B3e 51 LOCKERROOM CLOSET FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B4 107 BOILER ROOM LATERINE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
N/A N/A
Basement B5 1454 BOILER ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B5a 992 BOILER ROOM SUPPLY FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B5b 51 FUEL TANK ROOM 6OOD N/A N/A
Basement B6 210 STATE STORAGE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B7 195 STATE STORAGE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B8 411 42 TAC 2 GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B9 435 NONE GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B10 215 222 CHEM CO GOOD N/A N/A
* Information provided by the New York State National Guard

FLOOR
ROOM
#/NAME
Basement B11 104 EMPTY GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B12 132 TELEPHONE ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B13 133 ELEVATOR MOTOR ROOM GOOD N/A N/A
Basement B14 600 NONE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B15 295 NONE FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B16 312 EMPTY STORAGE RM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement B17 1032 RANGE POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
N/A N/A
Basement B17a CIVIL DEFENSE ROOM POOR NEEDS COMPLETE
REHAB
N/A N/A
Basement B18 518 STATE STORAGE ROOM FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
Basement GARAGE AREA FAIR NEEDS REPAIRS N/A N/A
APPENDIX II

MEDIA COVERAGE

Online & Print Publications

Calder, Rich. "Markowitz Donating $1M Towards Reviving Crown Heights Armory."
New York Post, February 1, 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/brooklyn/markowitz_donating_towards_reviving_I
MNsu4n1zobT5N0F0zEHOP.

COLlive Reporter. "2012 What To Do With the Armory?" January 10, 2012. Community
News Service. Accessed February 2012.
http://www.collive.com/show_news.rtx?id=18111&alias=what-to-do-with-the-
armory.

De Avila, Joseph. "Armory in Brooklyn Regroups." The Wall Street Journal, January 11,
2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204257504577153230793518596.
html.

Durkin, Erin. "Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz Wants to Turn Two
Borough Armories into Rec Centers." Daily News, February 3, 2010. Accessed
February 2012. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-02-
03/local/27055157_1_homeless-men-markowitz-rec-center.

Magnus, Cynthia. "Markowitz Returns to Alma Mater For State of the Borough
Address." Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 2, 2012. Accessed April 2012.
http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/markowitz-returns-alma-mater-state-
borough-address.

"What to Do with the Bedford Armory?" The Real Deal, January 11, 2012. Accessed
February 2012. http://therealdeal.com/blog/2012/01/11/what-to-do-with-the-
bedford-armory/.

Zawadi, Kaia. "Bedford Armory Revitalization Plans Draws Large Crowd and Ideas."
Our Time Press, January 14, 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://ourtimepress.com/2012/01/14/bedford-armory-revitalization-plans-draws-
large-crowd-and-ideas/.

Video

Bedford Union Armory Rehab: Brooklyn Review. Directed by Brooklyn Independent
Television. Brooklyn Review: BRIC Community Media. January 9, 2012. Accessed
January 2012. http://briccommunitymedia.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/bedford-
union-armory-rehab%EF%BC%9A-brooklyn-review/.

Community Ponders How To Use Old Crown Heights Armory. By Jeanine Ramirez. NY
1. January 9, 2012. Accessed January 2012.
http://bronx.ny1.com/content/top_stories/153878/community-ponders-how-to-use-
old-crown-heights-armory/.

Blogs

B.H. TAL Real Estate. "Brooklyn News: Bedford Armory Town Hall Discussion Set for
Monday." B.H. TAL Real Estate Blog (web blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed
January 2012. http://www.bhtalrealestate.com/2012/01/brooklyn-news-bedford-
armory-town-hall-discussion-set-for-monday/.

Emily. "Meeting About Possible Uses for Crown Heights Armory." Brownstoner (web
blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed January 2012.
http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2012/01/monday-community-meeting-on-the-
bedford-union-armory/?stream=true#.

Ferrara, Lucas A. "Into the Bedford-Union Armory?: BP Markowitz to Present Open
House, Town Hall Meeting on Future of Bedford-Union Armory." New York Real
Estate Lawyer's Blog (web blog), January 6, 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://www.nyrealestatelawblog.com/2012/01/into_the_bedford-union_armory.html.

Flatbed, Clarkson. "This Could Be Huge: Open House Monday." The Q at Parkside
(web blog), January 5, 2012. Accessed April 2012.
http://theqatparkside.blogspot.com/2012/01/this-could-be-huge-actually-it-
already.html.

Frances, Roberts, and Levine, Richard B. "New Uses for Old Buildings." Newscom
Focal Point (web blog), January 11, 2012. Accessed April 2012.
http://blog.newscom.com/?p=5355.

Gabby. "Various Uses Possible for Bedford Armory." Brownstoner (web blog), January
11, 2012. Accessed April 2012.
http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2012/01/various-uses-possible-for-bedford-
armory/.

Levine, Richard B. "National Guard Armory to Get New Life." Levine-Roberts (web
blog), January 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://levineroberts.photoshelter.com/image/I0000tcWBINGBesg.

Morris, Montrose. "Building of the Day: 1579 Bedford Avenue." Brownstoner (web
blog), September 16, 2011. Accessed February 2012.
http://www.brownstoner.com/blog/2011/09/building-of-the-day-1579-bedford-
avenue/.

Oder, Norman. "State of the Borough: Markowitz's Overstuffed Tribute to Brooklyn,
with Only Mild Enthusiasm for the New Arena." Atlantic Yards Report (web blog),
February 2, 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://atlanticyardsreport.blogspot.com/2012/02/state-of-borough-markowitzs-
overstuffed.html.

Pringle, Jamila. "Brooklyn: A Developing Story." The Brooklyn Bureau (web blog),
February 14, 2012. Accessed April 2012. http://www.bkbureau.org/brooklyn-
developing-story.

Schuh, Jamie. "Markowitz Unveils Plans, Invites Apple to Brooklyn, and More in
Address." Carroll Gardens Patch (web blog), February 2, 2012. Accessed February
2012. http://carrollgardens.patch.com/articles/markowitz-unveils-plans-invites-
apple-to-brooklyn-and-more-in-address.

Worthy-Davis, Aja. "ATTENTION: Community Discussion on Bedford-Union Armory;
1/9." Team Tish Blog (web blog), January 4, 2012. Accessed February 2012.
http://teamtish.blogspot.com/2012/01/attention-community-discussion-on.html.

APPENDIX III: STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

BEDFORD-UNION ARMORY REVITALIZATION
Key Stakeholder Interview Protocol

Name: ______________________________ Date: ________________________

Title/ Organization: ____________________ Team Member: ________________

1. [If applicable] Can you tell me a little about your organization and your role there?
a. How long have you and/or your organization been working in central Brooklyn?
b. What is the mission of your organization?
c. What are the main issues you encounter and seek to resolve?/What community
issues are priorities for you?
d. Who are your constituents?
2. How long have you been aware of/involved with the Armory? When did you learn about
the Armory revitalization project?
3. What are your organizations top priorities with regards to the Armorys revitalization?
4. What new programming and services would best serve your interests and needs? Short
term needs? Long term?
5. What programming and services would be complimentary to the services that you
already offer?
6. What do you not want to see at the Armory? (e.g. types of programming, development)
7. In what ways are you and/or your organization interested in contributing to the Armory
revitalization during the revitalization process and/or once the Armory is in operation?
(e.g. programming, funding, personnel, access to constituents, classes etc.)
8. How would you define success for the Armory revitalization?
9. Are you aware of other community-based revitalization efforts, whether like the Armory
or not, that we can learn from? These could be successes or failures.
10. What challenges do you think the Borough Presidents Office will face as the project
proceeds? [Or: What challenges do you think the Armory revitalization project will face?]
11. Given the complexity and size of this initiative, it is clearly a long-term project--one that
will need long-term involvement from community members, organizations, and leaders.
Are you/is your organization interested in being involved with this initiative going
forward? And if so, in what capacity?
12. Who are other individuals/organizations that you think we should be sure to reach out to
regarding the Armory?
Thank you very much for taking the time to speak with us.
APPENDIX IV

HEAD HOUSE RECOMMENDATIONS

B.2.1 Youth Services
Mentoring

Mentoring Resources
MENTOR
Helps children by creating and providing resources for mentoring
programs nationwide, and advocating for high quality mentoring
through cutting edge tools and research-based standards.
Big Brothers/Big
Sisters of NYC

Connects mentors with children in need of adult role models, with the
goal of providing caring friends to enhance childrens futures. Also
trains community organizations in creating their own mentoring
programs.

One Hundred Black
Men, Inc.
Directed towards African-Americans, seeks to improve quality of life,
educational opportunities, and economic options; includes a mentoring
program focused on the social, cultural, and emotional well-being of
children eight to eighteen years old.
The Teen ACTION
(Achieving Change
Together in Our
Neighborhood)
Initiative
NYC Government Department of Youth and Community Development
program. Involves seventh through tenth graders in designing and
executing meaningful community service projects. This program
promotes appreciation for service and civic engagement, life-skills and
critical-thinking skills, supportive relationships with caring adults,
academic achievement, and healthy behaviors.
Foundations of
Successful Youth
Mentoring: A
Guidebook for
Program Development
A resource published by the Hamilton Fish Institute on School and
Community Violence & The National Mentoring Center at Northwest
Regional Educational Laboratory (2007).

Afterschool Programs
The New York City Department of Youth and Community Development sponsors a
handful of different types of afterschool programs, located in schools and in spaces
provided by partner organizations. Currently, there are nine city afterschool programs
in Brooklyn CDs 8 and 9, all of which are part of the Out of School Time (OST) and
Beacon programs. However, Mayor Bloombergs proposed 2012 budget cuts, if
passed, could eliminate seven of the Beacon programs citywide.
1

Current programs in CD 8 and 9:
Big Five Block Association
Brooklyn Community Services
CAMBA
Community Counseling and Mediation
Flatbush Action Community Day Care Center
Friends of Crown Heights Educational Center
Global Kids, Inc.
Haitian American Day Care Center
Research Foundation of CUNY
2

1
Ruschell Boone, writer, "Parents Decry Cuts To Beacon After-School Programs," in Top Stories, NY1,
March 23, 2012, accessed March 25, 2012, http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/158204/parents-
decry-cuts-to-beacon-after-school-programs.
2
"Afterschool Programs," Department of Youth and Community Development, accessed January 12,
2012, http://www.nyc.gov/html/dycd/html/afterschool/programs.shtml.

B.2.3 Workforce Development Services
New York City Agencies
Mayors Office of
Adult Education
Offer free classes open to all New Yorkers in basic reading and writing,
English for Speakers of Other Languages (English/ESOL), preparing for
the General Educational Development Test (GED), and job training
Currently only two locations in Brooklyn
NYC Workforce1
Program from NYC Small Business Services
Prepares and connects qualified candidates to job opportunities in New
York City
Three locations in Brooklyn, either downtown and/or appointment only
New York State Agencies
NYS Department
of Labor Career
Development
Offer a series of on-line tools that can connect New Yorkers with job
training, employment searches, and skill development
Support two career centers in downtown Brooklyn
Not-for-profit Organizations
Brooklyn
Workforce
Innovations
Seek to empower low- and moderate-income people by creating living-
wage employment opportunities and access to career paths
Sectors range from woodworking to communications to commercial
truck driving
Based in Park Slope and affiliated with NYCHA and Fifth Avenue
Committee, Inc., a South Brooklyn community development corporation
Career &
Educational
Consultants, Inc.
Operates seven government funded training and job placement
contracts
Focuses on computer skills and preparing students for a career in a
challenging technology-based workplace
New York City
Employment &
Training Coalition
Provide training and connect people to jobs and training opportunities
Undertake advocacy efforts for effective workforce development
policies and funding
Non-Traditional
Employment for
Women (NEW)
Prepares women for nontraditional careers in the construction, utilities,
maintenance, green, and transportation industries
Offices located in Manhattan
Seedco
National organization founded in NYC
Manages an array of workforce development programs in New York
City, as well as a network of 22 community-based organizations that
provide workforce and benefits access services to residents in need

The Hope Program
Blend vocational, educational and social services
Focuses on work readiness training, job placement, job retention, and
career advancement for low-income New Yorkers
Based in downtown Brooklyn
Institutes of Higher Education
Medgar Evers
College - The
Center for
Professional
Education
College degrees and to non-degree students needing courses in order
to improve their skills or to upgrade their qualifications for job
advancement or job change
Include certificate programs in computer and multimedia technology,
paraprofessional, and management and leadership
State University of
New York Brooklyn
Educational
Opportunity Center
Focus on access to higher education and promoting economic self-
sufficiency
Programs range from bookkeeping, IT support, and medical office
administration
Youth-Specific Programs
Brooklyn Borough
Presidents
Summer H.E.A.T.
(Help Employ
Ambitious Teens)
Encourages Brooklyn businesses to invest in youth through
employment.
Includes a business etiquette workshop given by the Junior League of
Brooklyn, where teenagers can learn about resumes and cover letters,
dressing appropriately for the office, and job interview skills.
CAMBA Next
Step
Provide occupational training, basic skills instruction and job readiness
training for out-of-school eligible students, ages 18-21.
Focus on health codes standards for food establishments/workers.
Participants receive Work Readiness Training that addresses various
employment necessities such as interview preparation skills, Job
search techniques and resume writing.
Program includes internships, volunteer opportunities and employment
placement assistance, and GED exam and/or college admissions
assistance preparation.
City University of
New York - Young
Adult Employment
Program
Provide customized vocational training, support, job development,
placement, and retention services to disconnected youth age 18-24.
Include hands-on experiential learning and industry-recognized
credential programs.
NYC Department
of Youth &
Community
Development
Out-of-School
Youth Program
For 16-21 year-old young adults who are not connected to school or
work, or who need assistance upgrading their job skills.
Funded through the federal Workforce Investment Act
Programs include occupational skills training, assistance with job and
college placement, GED preparation and support services.

B.2.4 Community services
Community Kitchen
All community facilities need a kitchen of some sorts in order to prepare and serve
food for the multitude of events that are held in those spaces, and a kitchen already
exists within the Armory. This offers a unique opportunity for the Crown Heights
community to utilize this space. The Armorys kitchen, located on the first floor, is
reported to be in good condition and is 1,480 SF in size. Given the size of the Armory
and the expected variety of uses from large ballroom type catered events to
recreational facility concessions, a high-end kitchen will certainly be necessary.

To make best use of this space when events are not occurring, the kitchen could be
used as a community kitchen where cooking classes or specialty food classes could
be taught. The operations of such a program could vary from professional weekly
classes offered for a fee to informal meet-ups of cooking enthusiasts, using the
community kitchen to learn from one another and provide healthy meals to those at the
Armory. Additionally, a community kitchen could also offer CBI users of different
cultures opportunities to learn and experience the food of their neighbors. Programs
can be linked with after school programs and other populations to teach individuals
how to cook nutritious meals, how to budget better and develop shopping lists, and
how to reduce dependence on fast food or other unhealthy options.
3

Types of uses
Cooking and nutrition classes
Rented out for events taking place within the Armory
Teaching kitchen
In conjunction with after school programs
Parent-child after school cooking
Linked with kitchen incubator programs
Cross-cultural food exchange
Skill share

3
Benefits
Social skills communication and interpersonal skills
Teamwork and leadership skills working with others, taking a leadership role
Budgeting writing shopping lists, saving money, buying in bulk or on sale
Cooking learning new recipes and cooking techniques
Shopping saving money on food costs
Greater motivation to cook at home
Reduced intake of takeout and fast-food
Access to food increased availability and variety of food
Literacy and numeracy
Confidence and self-esteem
4

Key Questions
Are there resources to buy and install necessary equipment?
Is there a community (or City) partner to help supply food at low or no cost?
Will a specific entity be in charge of operating the kitchen?
Are there conflicts around using the kitchen for for-profit events or services?
Should the kitchen space be enlarged and upgraded for large-scale uses?

Community Kitchen Resources
Community
Cooking Club
Uses cooking to empower and improve the health of people in urban
environments. Based in New York City.
Oregon Health and
Science University
Teaching Kitchen
Offers group classes and demonstrations of healthy eating and cooking
skills. Based in Portland, Oregon.
Brooklyn Botanical
Garden
Offers cooking classes in conjunction with youth gardening programs.
Based at BBG, Prospect Park, Brooklyn.
Food For Life
Partnership
Seeks to transform English food culture by improving access to local
organic food and educating on the skills needed to grow and cook food.
Based in Bristol, England.
Cook It Up!
(Research Project)
Provides life skills and food literacy and applied cooking programming to
vulnerable populations, including at-risk youth. Based in Ontario, Canada.

4
"Community Kitchens." Community Kitchens.
Work Share
The community meeting held in January of 2012 raised the idea of skill share or time
share, whereby community members could help teach or share their time in return for
other services form other community members. Several existing systems were
reviewed for viability of being housed at the Armory.

Time Bank, a national non-profit from Washington D.C., promotes the sharing of time
and talent to build caring community economies.
5
Localities set up their own time
banks within their communities for people to voluntarily become members. Each
member can donate their time or talents and receive credits into a bank. Just as with a
monetary bank, members can withdraw credits for other services offered by other
member. For example, a lawyer that gives a few free hours of service to another
member in the community would receive credits in the bank for doing so. At a later day,
the lawyer could withdraw those credits in the form of babysitting services from
someone else in the system that is looking to earn some credits for another service.

Skillshare, another similar program, allows people to develop and teach classes that
share their talents or resources with other members in the community.
6
These classes
can be free or cost up to hundreds of dollars, depending on the topic and timeframe
for each. The classes can range from sewing to checkbook balancing, all of which can
be developed and promoted on the Skillshare website. Since classes can be held
anywhere, the Armory could house these classes, helping the community share skills in
a central communal space.

5
TimeBanks USA. Accessed February 19, 2012. http://timebanks.org/about.
6
"Skillshare - What Is Skillshare?" Skillshare. Accessed February 12, 2012.
http://www.skillshare.com/about.
Computer laboratory and multimedia facility
Exemplar Organizations
BDPA (Black Data
Processing
Associates)
National professional organization that seeks to ensure minorities are
adequately represented in the computer industry
The New York chapter serves as partner on numerous community
technology centers in the city
BRIC Community
Media
Community access television organization in Brooklyn
Provides free access to media production equipment and facilities and
to low-cost media education
Airs BRIC- and community-produced television programs
Cambridge
Community
Television (CCTV)
Community media center in Cambridge, MA that provides training and
access to audio and video production tools for local residents,
businesses and organizations.
Staffed by interns and community volunteers.
Partners with a wide variety of community institutions.
The National
Urban Technology
Center
Not-for-profit based in lower Manhattan that develops technology-
based products for building social, computer and academic skills
among underserved youth.
Has worked with community-based organizations to establish more
than 750 computer-training centers

B.2.5 Community arts programming
Youth Art, Dance, and Theater
There are many organizations and programs in New York City that engage youth in
artistic and creative pursuits. Downtown Art, in the East Village, is a free theater and
music program in which teens work on all aspects of creating, performing, and
producing a show.
7
The organization also publishes a comprehensive guide to youth
theater, music, film, visual arts, writing, and leadership programs in New York City.
Ifetayo Cultural Arts Academy, in Flatbush, Brooklyn, offers a range of community- and
culturally-focused art, music, dance, health, and educational programs for teens.
Organizations like these provide valuable youth services but often face funding and
space limitations.

7
Downtown Art. Accessed January 2012. http://www.downtownart.org.
Visual art programs (e.g. painting, drawing, photography, film) require dedicated studio
space with room to store and use equipment. Certain types of programs are more
flexible in terms of sharing space than others; for example, digital film and photography
editing requires computers and equipment with sufficient software, memory, and
security, while painting and drawing require table space and sinks for cleanup. These
studios would also be improved with the addition of lockable storage areas.

Theater programs also require dedicated space with specific affordances, such as a
stage, seating, audio and lighting capabilities, acoustic considerations, and workshop
space and storage for costume and set design.

Dance studio space may be more flexible than other arts spaces, depending on the
kind of dance offered and the providing organization. It may be possible to offer dance
classes in the same space, at different times, as certain exercise classes (e.g. yoga,
aerobics). When it comes to performances, however, dance programs will have similar
requirements to theater programs. Depending on schedules, it may be possible for
dance and theater to share performance spaces.
APPENDIX V

ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
C.1 Rentable space
Previously, the Armory has been rented out for a variety of uses such as movie
production (e.g., filming of The Sorcerers Stone) and religious ceremonies. Both of
these uses involved the drill hall; depending on how the drill hall is ultimately
developed, these types of rentals may no longer be possible. However, the head house
contains approximately 50,000 SF worth of office and classroom space, and some
portion of this could remain available for rental for community organizations, small
businesses and not-for-profits.
Additionally, there is space immediately inside the Bedford Avenue entrance that could
be rented for events while remaining open at all other times for community gatherings
and meetings free of charge. Event rentals generally include staff assistance, chairs,
tables, set-up and breakdown fees, wi-fi access and audio-visual equipment. (See the
Park Avenue Armory for event space rental and Rochester Main Street Armory for
office rental.)

Types of Uses
Office
Community organizations
Birthday parties and other community uses
Banquets
Religious ceremonies
Studio space
Civic uses
Key Questions
Will the drill hall be available for rental? For how long?
How much non-drill hall space will be available for rental? For what uses?
Is versatile space needed or just office space?
Will certain organizations, businesses or not-for-profits be prioritized?
Will revenue generated be earmarked for particular uses? Who determines this?
Who will manage leases, rent amounts, and tenant relations?
Will access to the kitchen be allowed? Under what conditions?
For large events, will parking be an issue? Can a relationship with a local garage
or lot be established to provide affordable parking to Armory users?
Will Internet, utilities and other expenses be covered in the cost of rental?

C.2 High-tech capacity
In 2011, the Human Rights Council of the United Nations General Assembly, declared
access to the Internet to be a basic human right, placing special emphasis on the
Internets powerful role in the 21
st
century in increasing opportunity, transparency, and
citizen participation.
1
Affordability remains a significant obstacle to universal availability
of Internet services and the companies, public agencies, and non-profit organizations
that follow work to bridge the digital divide by extending Internet service to
previously under-connected areas.

Potential Wi-Fi Partners
New York City
Department of
Information
Technology and
Telecommunications
(DoITT)
Its Connected Communities Initiative plans to create 40 public
computing centers that will provide free Internet access in low-
income communities across the city.
Partners with Time Warner Cable and Cablevision Systems.
Investing in libraries, public housing facilities, senior centers and
community centers.
NYC Wireless
Has built wireless networks in public spaces across the city and in
affordable housing developments in Brooklyn, the Bronx and
Manhattan.
Digital Divide
Partnership
Works in collaboration with New York State's Chief Information
Officer/Office for Technology.
Focuses on providing broadband wi-fi access to New York City
Housing Authority buildings, public schools, parks and playgrounds
in New York Citys underserved, low-income communities.

1
United Nations General Assembly Seventeenth Session. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the
Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Frank La Rue. Human
Rights Council. 2011.
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125
APPENDIX VII: DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

1. Zoning Bulk Modifications Recommended

Current zoning under an R6 Residential zoning district would allow for 297,130
SF of residential development on the lot as long as the community facility
remaining does not exceed 122,276 SF. Increasing the zoning to R7-1 as
recommended would increase residential development potential to 420,629 SF.

The total permitted square footage
under an R7-1 zoning district for a
mixed community facility/
residential project is 542,904 SF
(Residential Max of 420,629 SF +
Community Facility Max of
122,276 SF). In order to maximize
residential development, the
section of the Armory that would
remain must not exceed 122,275
SF (the maximum FAR for a community facility under R6 or R7 zoning, in a mixed use
development). Currently, the Armory is 139,426 SF more than 15,000 SF above the
limit. With demolition of the parking facility (30,578 SF) to accommodate the new
construction, combined with the fact that the basement section of the Armory (15,047
SF) is at least 75% below curb level and therefore exempt from inclusion in the floor
area calculation, the Community Facility aspect of the redevelopment would only be
93,801 SF. This is below the 122,276 SF limitation, thus allowing the full 420,629 SF of
residential development potential. Assuming an average unit size of 1,000 SF, this
development could contain over 400 units.

In order keep the drill hall and head house during redevelopment, it is recommended to
pursue the Large-Scale General Development special permit zoning tool (NYC Zoning
Code section 74-74) to allow for bulk modifications.

2. Parking

The proposed R7 zoning would require a 60% parking requirement for all residential
units created. Based off of an average unit size of 1,000 SF, the total square footage
required for parking would be approximately 80,761 SF, or 2.5 floors. To make the
construction of the parking more economical, the number of spaces could be reduced
by rezoning to R7-2, where the requirement for parking is only 50% of units. Another
option to maximize residential development rights would be to place the parking
Armory Square Footage
Area Area (SF)
Current Built Square Footage 139,426
Demolition (parking facility) -30,578
Basement (not included in FAR) -15,047
Future Built Square Footage 93,801
underground and on the ground floor, where parking is exempt from floor area
calculations. Finally, a developer could avoid the high costs associated with sub-cellar
structures by pursuing a special permit that would allow parking on the 2
nd
floor to be
exempt from floor area calculations. Keeping the parking above ground will reduce
development costs as sub-cellar construction is expensive, but it will affect floor area
calculations and therefore overall residential development rights above.

Please see below for a detailed analysis of the development potential.

* Exceed limitation according to flexibility provided by Special Permit.
** Recommend matching street wall height of existing buildings. Special Permit needed.
*** Consider reducing according to flexibility provided by Special Permit.
**** Waive limitation in order to permit taller height nearer to the street line according to flexibility provided by Special Permit.
Total buildable lot will be based on accommodating height-factor and light and air regulations.
Build Out Calculations
R6 R7-1

Permitted Permitted Proposed
Note
FAR
A. Community Facility Alone 4.80 4.80 NA FAR
B. Residential Max 2.43 3.44 3.44 FAR
C. Community Facility limit to allow
for Residential
1.00 1.00 0.77 FAR
D. Mixed Residential/ Community
Facility
3.43 4.44 4.21 FAR
Regulations
Open space ratio
19% 24% *
% of total lot covered by
building in excess of 23 ft
Parking Required 70% 60% 60% % of total units
Permitted Street Wall Height 60 60 ** Feet
Required Narrow Street Setback 20 20 *** Feet
Required Narrow Street Sky
Exposure Plane
2.7 to 1 2.7 to 1 ****
Vertical to horizontal slope
ratio
Current Lot Size
Lot Size 122,276 122,276 122,276 SF
Square Feet Allowed
A. Community Facility Alone 586,924 586,924 NA SF
B. Residential Max Allowed 297,130 420,629 420,629 SF
C. Community Facility limit to allow
for Residential
122,276 122,276 93,801 SF
D. Mixed Residential/ Community
Facility
419,406 542,904 514,430 SF
Buildable Lot
Parking Facility Structure Lot Size 30,578 30,578 30,578 SF
- Open Space (99,896) (127,762) * SF (see above for % ratio)
Total Buildable Lot (69,318) (97,184) SF

Bedford & Union Armory Feedback Form

In 2012 the Brooklyn Borough President initiated a study lead by a team of Urban Planning Students from NYU
Wagner's School of Public Service to develop a plan to return the Bedford Union Armory to the Crown Heights and
Brooklyn Community.

Please use this form to contribute your ideas to the revitalization strategy of the Bedford & Union Armory in Crown
Heights, Brooklyn, NY.

What do you think is important to consider as we prioritize developments to the armory? (ex: jobs created, services
provided, free vs. pay features) Please be as specific as you like.

What would you like to see included in a revitalized Bedford & Union Armory? (ex: businesses, social services,
recreational facilities)

If you provided more than one suggestion, which is most important to you and why?

What, if anything, would you not like to see included in a revitalized armory?

I would like to join in efforts to plan for the Armorys future (ex: task forces, public events).

Name: _____________________________ Address: ________________________________

Phone Number: ______________________ Email: __________________________________

Optional:
Do you live in the neighborhood? Y N
If so, approximately how many blocks are you from the Armory? #_____

THANK YOU!
Always feel free to write us if you have additional thoughts at: bkarmoryproject@gmail.com
and follow us on facebook at: www.facebook.com/bkarmoryproject
APPENDIX VIII: COMMUNITY FEEDBACK FORM

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* Information provided by the New York State National Guard

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