ANNEX A

FINDINGS FROM THE HOUSEHOLD INTERVIEW TRAVEL SURVEY (HITS) 2008 Daily Trip Rates The results of the 2008 Household Interview Travel Survey (HITS) indicate that in total, residents in Singapore make 11.0 million journeys daily1. In 2004, the figure was 8.9 million, which is an increased of 2.1 million journeys (5.4% annual growth). Arguably, this increase in travel demand is largely due to the population growth experienced for the past 4 years (2% per annum). However, the survey results also indicate an increase in frequency of journeys per person per day the average journeys per person increased from 1.92 to 2.12 (2.5% average annual growth).

Table 1: Comparing Trips and Population Growth Rates

1 This does not include non-motorised journeys (ie walk and cycle journeys), commercial journeys (i.e journeys made by good vehicles for commercial purposes) and journeys made by tourists. A trip or journey is defined as the travel from the origin to the final destination.

Use of Private Vehicles

Table 2: Comparing Growth in Private Car Trips

The lower public transport mode share can be attributed to the marked increase in car population over the 4-year period. More households now own a car, and when combined with the tendency for car-owning households to use cars, this leads to more car journeys. The decrease in public transport mode share can be attributed to the lack of major infrastructural improvements in the public transport system while the population of vehicles and people continued to grow between 2004 and 2008. Nevertheless, this increase in car population has not led to a sharp increase in car journeys as encountered in the 2004 survey. In 2004, a 10% car population growth from 1997 to 2004 led to 32% growth in car journeys over the same period. In comparison, in 2008, a 32% car population growth from 2004 to 2008 led to 31% growth in car journeys. The slower growth is likely due to more off-peak cars and more households owning more than one car. Change Car population Car journeys 1997 to 2004 +10% +23% 2004 to 2008 +32% +31%

Table 3: Growth in Car Population vs Growth in Car Journeys

Public Transport Usage Despite a drop in the overall public transport mode share, the daily public transport trips increased by 16% to 5.6 million in 2008. Results also showed that public transport mode share is higher for households living closer to MRT stations compared to those living further away. For people living within 200m from the MRT station, the public transport mode share is more than 70%. For those who take public transport, about 90% are willing to walk up to 10 minutes to the MRT stations. With the doubling of the rail network by 2020, it is likely to improve the public transport mode share further.

Table 4: Mode share vs Distance