1

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iugaza2010.blogspot.com
Chapter 7
Magnetostatic field
Part 2
3
. .
enc
L
I H dl J dS = =
} }
Amperes
path
Current
Surface
.
enc v
Q D dS dv = =
} }
4
. ( ) .
enc
L
I H dl H dS J dS
J H
= = V =
= V
} } }
5
Application of Amperes law
(1) An infinite line current
2
0
.
2
2
enc
L
I H dl
H d H
I
H
t
| | t |
|
t
=
= =
=
}
}
a a
a

(2) Infinite sheet of current

1
2
n
H k = a
6
(3) Infinitely Long Coaxial Transmission Line
Example in your book
7
Plane y=1 carries current K=50 az mA/m
(K:surface current density ) find H at
(a) (0,0,0) (b) (1,5,-3)
1 1
( ) (50 ) ( ) 25 mA/m
2 2
1 1
( ) (50 ) ( ) 25 mA/m
2 2
n z y x
n z y x
a H k
b H k
= = =
= = =
a a a a
a a a a
8
Plane X=10 carries 100mA/m along az while line X=1,y=-2
carries 20 mA along az . Find H at (4,3,2)
9
1
2 x y
x y
x y y x

3
y x
2 x y
1 2
1 1
(0.1 ) ( ) 0.05 A/m
2 2
I
H = , (4, 3, 2) (1, 2, 2) 3 5
2
3 5
, | |= 34 ,
34
3 5 3 5
( )
34 34
3 5
20 10
H = ( ) 1.47 0.889
2 ( 34) 34
n z x y
z
z
H k
Htot H H

t
t

= = =
= = +
+
= =
+
= =

= +
= +
a a a a
a a a
a a
a a a
a a a a
a a
a a
a a

10
A hollow conductor cylinder inner radius a and outer radius
b carries current I along az find H everywhere.
enc
enc
H.dl=I =0
I H.dl = J.dS
(amp. path) (current surf.)
=
}
} }
(1)for < a
(2)for a < < b
11
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
amp. path= H.dl (2 ) ...........(1)
I I
(current surf.)= J.dS= . .
S b a
I I
[ a ]................(2)
b a b a
(1) (2)
I
(2 ) [ a ]
b a
I a
[ ]
2 b a
a
H
dS d d
d d
H
H
t
|
t
|
t t
| t t
t t t t
t t t
t t

t
=
=

=

=
=

}
} } }
} }
a
12
2 2
2 2
amp. path= H.dl (2 ) ...........(1)
I I
(current surf.)= J.dS= . [ a ]................(2)
S b a
(1) (2)
(2 )
I
2
H
dS b
H I
H
|
t
t t
t t
t
t
=
=

=
=
=
}
} }
(3) for > b
a
13
14
Consider the two-wire transmission line whose cross section
is in fig. Each wire is of radius 2 cm and the wires are
separated 10 cm.
I=5A , find H at (5cm,0)
1
1
2
1 1
tot 1 2
H
2
5 , , ( ) ( )
5
H 15.915 A/m
2 (0.05)
2
H
2
5 , , ( ) ( )
5
15.915 A/m=H
2 (0.05)
H =H +H 31.83 A/m
x z x y
y y
x z x y
y y
y
I
cm
I
cm
H
|
|
|
|
t

t
t

t
=
= = = =
= =
=
= = = =
= =
=
for(1)
a
a a a a a a
a a
for( )
a
a a a a a a
a a
a
15
Magnetic flux Density
2
7
,( / ) ( )
: of free space
4 10 H/m
magnetic flux: .
o
o
o
B H W m or Tesla
permeability
B dS Webers

t

=
=
+ = =
}
16
For a magnetic flux density equal to 1 tesla, a force of 1 newton must act on a
wire of length 1 meter carrying 1 ampere of current.
A Newton : the force required to accelerate a 1 kg weight at one meter per
second squared .
The most powerful superconducting electromagnets only produce magnetic
fields of around 20T.
A gauss , another unit for measuring magnetism, is 1/10,000th of a tesla.
A large loudspeaker magnet generates 1T.
tesla
flux line: closed ,no beginning or end.
doesn't cross each other
17
In an electrostatic field, the flux passing through a closed
surface is the same as the charge enclosed .
It is possible to have an isolated electric charge
it is not possible to have isolated magnetic poles
(or magnetic charges).
18
flux passing through a closed surface is the same as the
charge enclosed .
. D dS Q =
}
. 0 B dS =
}
Gauss's law for electrostatic fields
Gauss's law for magnetostatic fields
0 B V =
law of conservation of magnetic flux
Maxwells equations for static fields
=
}
=
}
=
}
=
}

enc
enc
D dS Q
B dS 0
E d L 0
H d L I
v
D
B 0
E 0
H J
V =
V =
V =
V =

20
If H=ya
x
-xa
y
A/m on plane Z=0
(a)Determine the current density
(b) Verify Amperes law by taking circulation of H around the
edge of the rectangle: Z=0 , 0<X<3 , -1<y<4
{ }
{ }
2
4 3
y=1 0
1 2 3 4
3 3 3
1 1
y= 1
x=0 x=0 x=0
3
y=
. ( ) .
2 A/m
. 2 30 A ......(1)
H.dl= + + +
(1) H .dl = ( ).dx = dx= 3
(2) ( ).dy = 3dy= 15
enc
L
z
enc
x
x y x
x y y
x
I H dl H dS J dS
J H
I J dS dxdy
x
y x
=

=
= = V =
= V =
= = =
= +
= +
} } }
} } }
} } } } }
} } }
(a)
a
(b)
a a a
a a a

4 4
y= 1 1
} }
21
{ }
{ }
{ } { } { } { }
0 0
4
3 3
1 1
0
y=4 4
(3) ( ).dx = 4dx = 12
(4) ( ).dy = (0)dy=0
(1) (2) (3) (4) 30A as in (1)
x y x
y
x x
x y y
x
y
y x
y x
=
= =

=
=
= +
= +
+ + + =
} }
} }
a a a
a a a
22
Magnetic scalar potentials (V
m
)
Vector Magnetic potentials (A)
POTENTIALS
m
H V = V
=V B A
. ( ). .
S S L
B dS dS A dl + = = V =
} } }
A

Wb/m
23
An infinitely long wire carries 2A along a
z
find:
(a)B at (-3,4,7)
(b)Flux through the square loop 0<<6 , 0<z<4 , =90
1
1
o o
4 6 4 6
o
0 2 0 2
o
( )
H
2
4 3 4 3 4 3
4 3 , , ( ) ( )
5 5 5
4 3
2
H 50.93 38.2 A/m
2 (5) 5
B= H= ( 50.93 38.2 ) T
( )
.
2 2
ln( )|
2
y x y x x y
y x z
x y
x y
x y
z z
a
I
b
I I
B dS d dz d dz
I
|
|
| |

t

|
t t

t
= = = =
=

= = = =

= =

= = =
=
} } } } }
a
a a a a a a
a a a a a
a a
a a
a a
a a
6 4
6
2 0
z | 1.76 10 Wb

=
24
Which of the following fields represents an electrostatic or
magnetostatic field in free space
( ) cos( ) ( )
sin( ) 0
0
neither electrostatic nor magnetostatic field
0
is ES
0
0
is MS
0
x
x z
a A y ax y e
A ya ax
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C

= + +
V = =
V =

V =

V =

V =

V =

a a

v
D
B 0
E 0
H J
V =
V =
V =
V =

25
The magnetic vector potential A=15e
-
sin a
z
Wb/m
(a)Find H at (3,pi/4,-10)
(b) find the flux through =5 , 0<<pi/2 , 0<Z<10
o
10 / 2
0 0
15
cos 15 sin
(3, / 4, 10) 0.176 0.528 T
B
H= (140 420 ) kA/m
15
. cos 1.011 Wb

.
S z
L
B A e e
B
B dS e d dz
A dl

|
|
|
t

|
| |

| |

= =
= V = +
= +
= +
+ = = =
+ =
} } }
}
(a) a a
a a
a a
other solution :

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