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Book of Enoch (Ethiopic Version-Version Etiope) Transcription by Michael Antony Knibb 1978
Book of Enoch (Ethiopic Version-Version Etiope) Transcription by Michael Antony Knibb 1978
BY
MICHAEL
A.
KNIBB
WITH
IN CONSULTATION
EDWARD
ULLENDORFF
1
T E X T AND APPARATUS
1978
1M
PRESS
Oxford
University
NEW YORK IBADAN
Press,
OXFORD
Walton
LONDON
Street,
GLASGOW
Oxford
0 x 2 6DP
TORONTO
MELBOURNE
NAIROBI
DAR E S SALAAM
LUSAKA
SINGAPORE
JAKARTA
HONG K O N G KARACHI
BOMBAY
CALCUTTA
MADRAS
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press
PREFACE
T H I S work offers a new edition (volume i) and translation (volume 2) of the Ethiopia text of Enoch. The edition is based on Rylands Ethiopia MS. 23, and full account has been taken of the Aramaic fragments of Enoch that were discovered at Qumr^n. The intention is not to produce a new conflated text of Enoch, but rather to present the sum total of the evidence for the text of Enoch in as clear a way as possible. In its present form this work is a revised version of a thesis that was accepted by the University of London in 1974 for the degree of Ph.D., but its origins go back much further than this. As long ago as 1959 Professor Matthew Black and Professor Edward Ullendorff had it in mind to produce a new edition and translation of Enoch, and an exegetical commentary, and were only prevented from making progress on this work by the delay in the publication of the Aramaic fragments from QumrSn. As a result of this delay, Professor Ullendorff eventually suggested that I should take over his part of the enterprise, i.e. the edition and translation of the Ethiopia text; and at a later stage it was decided that the exegetical commentary, whicTi was to be prepared by Professor Black, should be published separately. I would like to take this opportunity to express the profound debt of gratitude that I owe to Professor Ullendorff, both for his initial suggestion that I should undertake this work on Enoch and for all the patient help and encouragement that he has subsequently given me. The form that this work takes owes much to his advice, and I have adopted many suggestions that he has made without acknowledging them in each individual case. I must, however, stress that the responsibility for everything that appears here is mine. On pp. 7 f. of volume 2 I have described the way in which I was given access to the Aramaic fragments of Enoch. I have also referred there to the fact that, after the Oxford University Press had accepted this work for publication, J . T. Milik generously agreed that proofs of his edition of the fragments be made available to me. The edition has now been published,^ and it will be readily
' J . T . Milik, The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments Oxford, 1976. of Qumrdn Cave 4,
vi
PREFACE
apparent that my view of the significance of these fragments is very different from that of MiHk. Some of MiHk's ideas had of course already appeared in earHer pubHcations, but I did not think it proper in the present work to take issue with MiHk on the arguments and detailed discussions that are contained only in the edition, nor did I think it proper to make other than occasional reference to it. However, a review of Milik's work, prepared jointly by Professor Ullendorff and myself, has appeared in the October 1977 issue of the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. The interval that has occurred between the completion of the thesis (December 1973) and its publication has enabled me to make a number of additions and corrections. It has also enabled me to incorporate into the apparatus in volume i the evidence of Lake Tana Ethiopia MS. 9, and my thanks are due to Professor E. Hammerschmidt for kindly sending me a copy of this important manuscript.' However, it should be stressed that, apart from the incorporation of the evidence of Tana 9 and apart from the fact that text and translation have had to be separated for publication (in the original they were on facing pages), no changes of a fundamental kind have been introduced since the completion of the thesis. I have not normally repeated in volume 2 information that is self-evident from the apparatus in volume i, unless, from the point of view of the text, there was a particular reason to do so. However, I have made an exception to this rule in the case of the so-called Parables of Enoch (chapters 3 7 - 7 1 ) because of the widespread interest in the figure of the Son of Man which occurs in this section of the book. My thanks are due to the authorities of the following institutions which kindly supplied me with photographs or microfilms of manuscripts in their possession: the John Rylands University Library of Manchester; the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the British Museum (now the British Library); the Bibliotheque Nationale; the Vatican Library; the Tubingen and Marburg libraries of the Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz. In addition my thanks are due
' In an Appendix in this volume I have given a list of important unique readings attested by Tana 9 which in a number of places cast an interesting light on the text of Enoch. In view of the evidence of this manuscript the discussion of io6. 13 (see volume 2, pp. 39 f., 245 f.) is now in need of correction. See further volume 2, p. 36 n. 34.
PREFACE
vii
to many individuals who have given me help and advice on particular matters, but here it is possible to mention by name only Dr. Stefan Strelcyn and Professor P. R. Ackroyd. I would also like to thank the staff of the Oxford University Press for their help and for the care they have devoted to the publication of this work. The greatest debt of all, however, is owed to my wife for all she has done to see that this work was brought to a conclusion.
M . A. KNIBB
CONTENTS
VOLUME N O T E ON T H E A P P A R A T U S ABBREVIATIONS L I S T OF S I G L A TEXT ADDITIONS APPENDIX AND CORRECTIONS I xi xiv XV I 424 425
1. Previous Editions of the Ethiopia Text of Enoch 2. The Aramaic Fragments of the Book of Enoch 3. The Greek Version of the Book of Enoch 4. The Ethiopia Version of the Book of Enoch 5. The Versions Underlying the Ethiopia Text of Enoch 6. A Note on the Translation
BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF S I G L A
i 6 15 21 37 47
48 53 55 253 259
INDEX
xii
NOTE
ON T H E
APPARATUS
Although I have not attempted, much less achieved, absolute consistency, I have normally left out of the apparatus all variants of a purely orthographic character, and particularly variants involving the following common phenomena : (1) the formation of the imperfect (I i and II i) of verbs whose first radical is a laryngal or pharyngal (cf. e.g. fol. 3rb, line 27 h.'f'iCh i for which the following variants occur: h.^'iC'h;, A-tOCT-;, a-rOCh:; note that for the 1 1 imperfect the pattern J&0C7 : is very frequently found in the Eth I manuscripts (particularly BM 485 and Berl) in the case of such verbs); (ii) the occurrence of the vowels u and i with the corresponding semivowels w and y (thus variants of the type F^COjp; / y^ayip ;, ^P-rh ;/ ^f'tb : have generally been ignored); (iii) the spelling of names (here, particularly, I am conscious that I have often had to make arbitrary decisions); (iv) alternative spellings and forms of words that occur frequently (e.g. the common variants I'i'M^:, ffi>?fl^! Iao'ii.fl^jErfvC: /fi-fi^C: and related forms of this verb); (v) the writing of the numerals (for which the Eth I manuscripts normally use words, the Eth II manuscripts signs). I have also normally left out of the apparatus such variants as the following: hiiih: /hhtif:, " : /"HTF:, ?iftTF : / hii-'ifhiiO : H /Aa-F;. I have felt it necessary to treat Abb 5 5 differently from the other manuscripts. From c. 83 onwards Abb 55 has a much abbreviated text, and were its evidence for cc. 83-108 to be incorporated into the apparatus, there is a serious risk that the apparatus would become confused and overloaded. Since its evidence for cc. 83-108 is inevitably of very limited value, it seemed to me best to ignore it altogether for these chapters except in one or two cases of special importance. (2) In the Greek apparatus I record the divergences between the Greek and the Ethiopic texts. I have given rather more evidence from the Greek version than was perhaps strictly necessary in order to try to make as clear as possible the relationship between the Greek and the Ethiopic. However, I have ignored trivial variants of number (the singular in the Ethiopic, the plural in the
NOTE
ON T H E
APPARATUS
xiii
Greek, and vice versa), particularly in cases where the Ethiopic evidence was undivided. I have taken the Greek evidence from the editions of Swete and Bonner' and have normally not recorded corruptions in the Greek, unless they were of some significance from the point of view of the Ethiopic or Aramaic texts. Where account is taken of corruptions in the Greek, I give first the manuscript reading and then, in brackets, the restoration proposed by Swete or Bonner. Only in exceptional cases have I noted any other proposals for the restoration of the text. As has already been indicated, full information about the manuscripts used will be found in volume 2, but a list of sigla is appended here to make the use of this volume easier. Where the name of an author occurs in the apparatus, unless otherwise indicated the reference is to the relevant Ethiopic or Greek textedition; in these and all other instances consultation of the Bibliography in volume 2 will make clear, in case of doubt, which work is intended.
' Cf. volume 2, pp. 17 f., notes 15 and 24, and p. 20.
ABBREVIATIONS
HTR JA J AOS JBL JES JSS JTS NTS PL RB RRAL RSE SAB ThBl ZA W ZDMG ZNW Harvard Journal Journal Journal Journal Journal Journal New Revue Theological asiatique of the American of Biblical of Ethiopian of Semitic of Theological Studies Latina delta Reale Accademia di Studi zu Etiopici der Blatter Wissenschaft Gesellschaft Wissenschaft der Deutschen Morgenlcindischen Deutschen (Preussischen) Akademie der Berlin dei Lincei (Classe di Scienze Oriental Studies Studies Studies Society Literature Review
Testament biblique
LIST OF SIGLA
Aram T h e A r a m a i c D e a d Sea F r a g m e n t s o f E n o c h . Aram Aram ^'^'rastr. d d i f f e r e n t m a n u s c r i p t s t o w h i c h the various f r a g m e n t s belong T h e G r e e k Version of E n o c h T h e F r a g m e n t s in Syncellus (Gr^y""^ ^ = 6. 1-9. GrSync b = g 4_io_ GrSy-": c = 15. 8-16. i ) T h e A k h m i m M a n u s c r i p t ( C o d e x Panopolitanus) GrPan a Grvat GrCB Eth E t h I and E t h I I Eth I B M 48s B M 485a B M 491 Beri Abb 35 Abb 55 Tana 9 T a n a 9a Eth IIBodl 5 Ryl Ull Bodl 4 Frankfurt M S . Curzon 55 Curzon 56 B M Add. 24185 B M 484 B M 486 B M 490 B M Add. 24990 B M 492 B M 499 A duplicate version o f 19. 3 - 2 1 . 9 within the A k h m i m Manuscript Codex Vaticanus G r . 1809 T h e Chester Beatty-Michigan Papyrus T h e E t h i o p i c Version o f E n o c h T h e two families of E t h i o p i c m a n u s c r i p t s British M u s e u m Orient. 485 A duplicate version of 97. 6 b - i o 8 . 10 within British M u s e u m Orient. 4 8 5 British M u s e u m Orient. 4 9 1 Berlin M S . O r . P e t e r m a n n I I N a c h t r a g 2 9 Abbadianus 35 Abbadianus 55 T a n a Ethiopic M S . 9 A duplicate version o f 7 8 . 8 b - 8 2 . 2 0 within Bodley M S . 5 Rylands E t h i o p i c M S . 2 3 Ullendorff M S . Bodley M S . 4 F r a n k f u r t M S . Orient. Ruppell 11 i = British M u s e u m Orient. 8 8 2 2 = British M u s e u m Orient. 8 8 2 3 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Orient. 4 8 4 Orient. 486 Orient. 490 Add. 24990 Orient. 4 9 2 Orient. 4 9 9 British M u s e u m A d d . 2 4 1 8 5 4;
Gr GrSync
LIST
OF
SIGLA
ADDITIONS A D COHEEOTIONS M
52.5 54.2
f\'Tl
Berl omits.
For 'Eyl Ull 2 MSS "hfh % ^ 'Eyl Ull other Eth II MSS
7^T>:'^/1.'
> read
'
Tana 9
0'^n<:l-'5:
60.12
P e r 'BM 4 8 5
dDfT/^: ' read 'Hyl^ CDAiT/YHM 485 CD'Vf-f^ ;Eyl^ and all other MSS
60.21
61.1
^T?^/!^"/"-'
^/t)
'
67.10
69.27 72.1 75.4
Tana 9 omits.
2 MSS ^ / ^
5 MSS ; . ^ 7 A
iX)!!!!
'.
Tana 9 ^ ^ A t A
LP^ ^
76.11
80.6 83.7 88.1
Entry for Tana 9 shovda read ffl Berl Abb 3 5 ' ' ( ? )
Tana 9 a
d)^!
^^
^ T . ^ ^ '
^ '
89.29
89.47 90.9
Pol. 1 2 v b 1 ^
Pol. 1 2 v o ^
BM 491 7 ^ d l ; 7 ^ .'
Pol. 15va 22f^ Pol. 13vb 2 1 Pol. 13vo2 Pol. 13vo 2 Pol. 14pb 2^
Pol. 14Va 18 Pol. 1 5 v a 2
90.19
90.24
90.26 91.11
93.10 100.3
100.9
Pol. 1 5 v a ^
'
424
APEEaiDIX
I give below a list of readings which seem to me to be in some way significant and are attested only by Tana 9 amongst the manuscripts which I have used.
1.6 1.9 2.1
d)^d)^<^:
^d/l'Tl'/V'^-'
5.8 7.5
8.2
10.2
10.13
d)'A^,H:
dX
Fol. 2va Fol. 2va 2 Fol. 2vb 1 Pol, 2vo 10 Fol. 2vo ^6 Pol. 2vc 18f. Pol. 2vo jil Fol. 3 r a 6
10.16
10.20
d)'h'h/)-:
dOD^dC
' Tana 9 omits.
11.2
12.1
12.3
Pol. 3 r a 2
Pol. 3 r a 1 2 Fol. 3 r a 3 6 f . Pol. 3rb 12 Pol. 3ro 2 Pol. 3 r c Pol. 3 r c I6f^ Pol. 3va ^6
Pol. 3 v a 2 0
13.5
14.2 14.9
14.10
^^"^-^rt'^^^^fir^.'/l^^/h:
f\h^^^a^:
^/V
14.15
15.4 15.5
Tl^iT'Tl^--
18.9 18.12f.
20.5
Tana 9 ^ /V !
A^f^/)
^4/9'
d)'A^^04>^i
d)^^Pd)C'A.i>
425
APPBHDIX
21.2
21.3 21.5
Fol. 4ra22
Fol.4ra2^ Fol.4ra22
Tana 9
Tana 9
H/\V
^ ^
^7 :
' /) ^ .'
^Ad)
Tana 9 cDH
21.6
Fol. 4 r a i 2
Fol. 4ra ^
Fol. 4ra
Tana 9
21.7
F o l . 4rb J _
Fol. 4 r b X t Fol.4rb2 F o l . 4xb
^^C-'
Tana 9 o m i t s .
Tana 9
i2
Tana 9
'94':
r ) Y 7 ^ U -Tana (iD^'Z-O;
Tana 9 o m i t s .
Tana9r)7-/P;
4 1 ^ 1 / T V ;
9
d^TlO^Lt^
^^d?U-n !
Tana 9
Tana 9 o m i t s .
P o l . 4va 2 2
P o l . 4va 2 2
Tana 9 / I / f ) ^ ^ T ^
d)d>- C?^"^-
26.2
F o l . 4va ?ef.
P o l . 4vb
27.2 28.1
28.2
12
Tana 9
Tana 9
29.1
29.2
Tana 9
Tana 9 Tana 9
d)^'^lf\'
6 B'P Lh
/^^OT-' /l^OrTl .' Tana 9 adds / l ^ ^ C ' Tana 9 ^ ^/7 ^ tD/^/> '
Tana 9
P o l . Sva^O
P o l . 5vb ^
41.9 44
45.1 46.2
Tana 9 Tana 9
Tana 9
(1?;!^/^^'^'^.'
^ :
F o l . 5vo 2^
Pol. 5vo25fj. Pol. 6 r a 2
/l^'^H.?^:
; Tana 9
H-f^^^ .'
_ P o l . 6ro 2 2 Pol. 6 v a 1^ F o l . 6vb J 2 Pol. 6 v c 6 Pol. 6vo l^f^ Pol. 7ra J J . Pol. 7ra J 2 Pol. 7 r a J 8 Pol. 7ra 29f.
d)fCi~:
KT)?:
S'j^'A k '
-f ; H ?1
Tana 9 D ^
^^d>AS^^-
APEEHDIX 58.1 60.8 60.9 60.13 60.19 60.24 Pol. 7 r a 2 2 f j . Pol. T r o l l Pol. 7ro 1 2 Pol.7rol0 Pol. T v a r i Pol. 7 v a 2 2 Pol. Pol. 7va 2 1 Tana 9 Tarn 9 Tana 9 Tana 9 VA^-
+^^/T)-'^^/)'-^^/^/^ =
Tana 9 H^^-t
A^^-nC''
70^^^:
OH^:
Tana 9 / )
7va22fi
6o.25 61.4 61.5 61.6 62.1 62.5 65.8 65.10 65.11 68.1 68.3 68.4 69.2 69.11 69.15 69.16 69.22 69.27 72.3 72.27 72.29 74.12 74.l4r.
16
Pol. 7vb 20 Pol. 7vo l^f^ Pol. 7vo 1 8 Pol. 7vc 221^ Pol. 8ro ^Ii. Pol. 8 r c l 6 f j , Pol. 8ro 20 Pol. 8vb ^ Pol. 8vb 1 6 Pol. 8vb 1 8 Pol. 8 v b 2 2 Pol. 8 v c 2 2 Pol. 9 r a l Pol. 9 r a 2 Pol. 9ra 1 8 F o l . 9ra 26 Pol. 9 v a 2 Pol. 9 v o 2 Fol. 9vo4 Pol. 9V0 1 0 Pol. l O r b l i Pol. lOrb 2 2 - 2 4
(:i)f/f)d^<r : Tl<^'- Tana 9 adds YT/V Tana 9 (DTf/)^^ 'h^ATana 9 d^-^^IW .'
Tana 9
'=^6-
Irilt^'^'
Tana 9 ( L ^ / V ^ h H ^ : ' Tana 9 ^ ^(IZ?/^ ^ ' Tana 9 Tana 9 Tana 9 Tana 9 d)h^Tana 9 Tana 9
^VT^
Tana 9 A^/)
"
^f^kiC'f''
Od':
H(D6/^^:
Tana S adds ^
'^'OAOh' ^Y}'?':
^" '^'t P^/<1
LP(J^ ^ cD/^ ^
h^^'dPlnf^d^fl:
Tana 9 / ^ f / ^ f [>
d)d)C'^:f<^^p^JZ)-: d)<^^:^
Tana
9 ?O)/):?
V^^i^na
427
APHSMDIX 75.2 75.5 75.6 77.1 81.3 81.9 82.2 82.5 82.10 83.7 88.1 89.1 89.3 89.25 90.9 92.5 99.14 100.13 103.2 103.12 Pol. 10rb 40 Pol. lOro 1 4 f . Pol. lOro Jl Pol. lOva 37f. Pol. Ilrb 2 Pol. llrb 2^ Pol. llrb 36f. Pol. 1 1 r o 10 Pol. 1 1 r o 22 Pol. Ilvb 14f. Pol. 12rb 21 Pol. 12rb 2 5 f . Pol. 12rb 20 Pol. 12va 38f. Pol. 13va 27f. Pol. 14ro 22 Pol. 15rc 20 Pol. 15vb 2fi. Pol. 15vo 20 Pol. I6ra 2
Tana9T^*4';^^f
Tana 9 omits. Tana 9
^h<^:
S A r?'(1 OyTY ^ dDf DC O: Tana 9 d)-hfA ^^?: fhA^Tl ' Tana 9 dDd^d}"<^h<PCTana 9 adds d)7i' ^J^<P<^ : Tana 9 'h^'O:^^:
Tana 9 Tana 9 ^ C^ Tana 9 Tana 9 Tana 9 Tana 9
Tana 9
f^^^^^: ciJ^/O'^^.'
^UJ^-f-!
'd)^
O'l6
^4-^.
428