OFFICIAL SOURCES FOR VJCL ACADEMIC CONTESTS

All questions will be supported by at least one of the following sources.

Most of the information contained in these sources can be found elsewhere, but these have been selected for the comprehensive nature of their coverage. See Additional Reference Materials, which contains suggested references for beginners and other references of particular interest. In most cases, these additional reference materials will prove to be sufficient for, and are often better suited to, the purpose of preparing for academic contests. Links have been provided to online editions of sources when available. Unless otherwise noted, these online editions are both complete and entirely free.

Language
GRAMMAR
New Latin Grammar, Allen & Greenough
Allen and Greenoughs New Latin Grammar, edited by Anne Mahoney, Focus Publishing, Newburyport, MA, 2001. An update of the 1903 edition, with a completely updated section on prosody. Please see http://pullins.com for ordering information.

Latin Grammar, Basil L. Gildersleeve Gildersleeves Latin Grammar, Basil L. Gildersleeve and Gonzalez Lodge, Bolchazy-Carducci
Publishers, Inc., 1997.. Please see http://www.bolchazy.com for ordering information.

Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, William Freund, Oxford
University Press, USA; revised ed. (1956)

VOCABULARY
Levels & 1
Basic Latin Vocabulary for VJCL Academic Contests NJCL Core Novice Certamen Vocabulary
N.B. These lists do not contain English definitions or complete dictionary information (e.g. principal parts); this information can be found in any standard Latin dictionary.

Level 2 (in addition to above) The Vocabulary of High School Latin, Gonzalez Lodge, Teachers College, Columbia
University (1909); public domain e-book

Levels 3 and up Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary (vide supra)

OFFICIAL SOURCES FOR VJCL ACADEMIC CONTESTS

DERIVATIVES
The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, C.T. Onions, G.W.S. Friedrichsen, R.W.
Burchfield, Oxford University Press, USA (1966) New & used copies available through Amazon.com for as $20.00

Oxford Latin Dictionary, P.G.W (ed.), Oxford University Press, USA (1983). Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary (vide supra) Oxford English Dictionary
A subscription is required for online access. Check with your schools librarian to see if your school has a subscription.

Merriam-Webster
In addition this link, a subscription to an online unabridged edition also is available for a modest fee.

MOTTOES, PHRASES, ABBREVIATIONS, & QUOTATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS
All abbreviations must still be in current use and therefore can be found in any standard American collegiate dictionary, the best being those published by Merriam-Webster, American Heritage, and Random House.

MOTTOES
A minimum of 50% of the mottoes questions will be drawn from the Basic Latin Mottoes list.

MOTTOES, PHRASES, & QUOTATIONS

All other mottoes, phrases, & quotations will be found in at least one of the following:

Latin for the Illiterati, Jon R. Stone, Routledge, New York, 1996 (1st ed.); 2009 (2nd ed.) More Latin for the Illiterati, Jon R. Stone, Routledge, New York, 1999 The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations, Jon. R. Stone, Routledge, New York, 2004 Amo, Amas, Amat and More, Eugene Ehrlich, Harper & Row, New York, 1985
Link is to a Google books preview which comprises approximately 15% of the complete book. However, very affordable (as low as .10+s&h) paperback copies of this book abound through many online sellers.

Veni, Vidi, Vici, Eugene Ehrlich, Harper & Row, New York, 1995 v.s., Amo, Amas, Amat

OFFICIAL SOURCES FOR VJCL ACADEMIC CONTESTS

Classical Civilization
MYTHOLOGY
Classical Mythology, Mark P.O. Morford & Robert J. Lenardon (7tth/8th ed.); M. Sham (9th ed.)
Link is to extensive study materials provided by the publisher for the 9 th ed. Similar materials are available for the 8th ed. Finally, though no longer a definitive source, a large part of the 6th ed. is here.

Meridian Handbook of Classical Mythology, Edward Tripp

Some questions may be drawn directly from the following primary texts:

Iliad & Odyssey, Homer; Homeric Hymns; Metamorphoses Ovid; Aeneid, Vergil
Information found exclusively in other primary texts must be cited in one of the secondary texts above.

ROMAN HISTORY
The first two sources listed are extremely comprehensive but difficult sources for beginning Latin students. Several more accessible sources can be found in the list of Additional Reference Materials. Especially for beginning Latin students, these sources provide sufficiently thorough coverage.

Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd and 3rd editions A History of Rome. Down to the Age of Constantine, M. Cary and H.H. Scullard, 3rd ed. A History of the Roman People, Ward, Heichelheim, and Yeo (4th ed. or later)

ROMAN LIFE
Private Life of the Romans, Harold Johnston Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd and 3rd editions

LATIN LITERATURE
Latin Literature: A History, Gian Biagio Conte
Links to a rather complete preview of a Google book.

The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature, 3rd edition Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd and 3rd editions

GEOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide Classical Dictionary A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, L. Richardson Jr. A Guide to the Ancient World: A Dictionary of Classical Place Names, Michael Grant

OFFICIAL SOURCES FOR VJCL ACADEMIC CONTESTS