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Monday, August 24, 2009
Monday, August 24, 2009
Monday, August 24, 2009
2007
(
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 )
.
[
],
.
.
.
,
(.
, 1974;
, 2001: 82116).
,
, 2001: 1936).
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
(
1990)
.
,
(Philology)
,
;
;
,
,
.
,
;
(.
, 1969,
1970:20 F.N.,
, (2)
, (3)
, (4)
, (5)
, (6)
.
1.
(History of Science)
.
,
.
,
."
.
.
,
,
1967: 2-4).
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
(theoretical model)
,
;
.
(5)
2.
.
.
(
(
. 446 )
. 462 )
,
.
.
.
.
(
(
. 139)
.
.
. 105 )
. 106 )
,
.
"
(105),
(106),
;
(139)".
,
.
"
(105)"
,"
"
"
" (105)
"
"
,
'
"
"
.(
"
(
1967:131, 132).
) 1969: 103).
", (139)
, 1969:136;
(syllabic structure)
.
.
1.
+
>
(mani + yaritu)
2.
+
>
(ava + namaran)
3.
+
>
(1)
.
.
(a+van)
(ava na
+ma+ran).
4.
.
+
>
(Vanta: na+van)
.
(3)
>
,
.
(liaison)
( -
'
?'
' .
'
:
>
(1992:586(b)).
.
.
(descriptive technique)
. (.
1997: 38).
(
. 74 )
"
"
.
(
(
. 438.1)
. 171.3)
. 175)
.
.(
(
.
, 1967-81).
.
.
(1974) "
?"
.
(
175-4 )
+
>
>
.
.
.
.
(phonetic change).
,
.
(
"
"
. 17)
"
"
) 1969: 42),
.
,
.
3.
(0)
.
.
,
grammar
,
,
.
(subject)
( phenomena )
(bio-chemistry)
,
(social-psychology),
(socio-linguistics)
.
"
"
"
"
.
(integrated approach)
(system)
(subsystems)
,
,
.
.
(1)
(Semantic system);
.
4.
(External approach).
.
.
. 112 )
. .
1963 : 492-499).
(.
, 2001: 6582).
(semantic primes)
.
,
.
(syntactic)
"
,
,
,
"(
. .
.
"
"
( . 496).
.
,
.
(Tolkappiyars
concept of sentence structure)
2001)
.
,
.
,
(concord),
,
,
,
(Surface structure)
(Case form)
(Deep
structure)
(Case meaning)
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
(co-occurrence),
(
.
. 67 )
.
"
. 112)"
.
(Semantic primes)
(Agent),
Patient),
(Place or Location),
,
(Object or
(Time),
(Instrument),
'
(Resultative)
.
.
(Constituency)
(Dependency)
.
(S)
(Constituent)
S > NP + VP
>
.
.
V > V (Verb
) + A (Agent
) + P (Patient
) + I (Instrument,
V V A P I ...
("
")
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
"
"
'
'
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
(3)
5.
(5)
(Organizational
logic)
,
,
(Technique of description)
.
(Phonetics),
(Phonemics),
(Morphophonemics),
(Morphology)
(Syntax),
(Semantics)
(Hockett. 1958).
(Syntactic component)
(Interpretive components)
(Phonological component),
(Semantic component)
(Chomsky, 1965).
,
;
,
.
(Government and Binding),
(Minimalist programme)
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
(
, 1987)
, 1984)
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
(Subject),
(Predicate)
.
.
,
(1978, 2001)
.
. 234).
. 113)
.
(Case grammar)
.
,
,
,
;
;
,
.
(1)
;
(
,
;
.
;
.
;
.
(
(Theme)
.
,
,
,
,
(Composition)
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
(Conceptual categories),
,
,
,
(
.
:"
"
. 37),
,
,
.
(Theorization)
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
(Sequence),
,
(
(Conditions),
,
),
)
(Conceptual units)
.
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
(Events)
(Psychophysical aspects).
,
(Poetic sentiments)
,
11
22
"
"
10
68
,
,
,
,
.
.
"
"
"(
. 243)
"
.
,
;
,
.
. 49
. 50
. 51
. 52
(238 - 240)
.
,
. 272 296)
.
. 291
"
,
(
"
.
. 57)
.
(
297 302)
,
,
.
,
.
.
. 386).
.
(1969),
1979),
(1975,
(1998)
.
.
34-
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
,
;
,
.
. 509
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
;
.
,
.
(Paradigmatic)
(Syntagmatic)
.
(unit)
(contrastive)
.
.
"
"
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
(Collocational
restrictions)
,
.
;
.
.
.
6.
(data)
?
.
.
,
.
(Variation)
.
,
(Standard usage)
,
,
.
(Kings/Queens English)
.
(Sociolinguistics)
,
.
?
,
(speech)
. 364, 366),
. 341)
. 369, 370)
.
.
'
'
,
,
.
,
.
. 384)
(
. 398),
. 398),
.
(dialectal words) (
(
. 400),
. 401)
(uniformity)
.
(
("
"(
. 398) "
"(
"
. 400)
,
"(
.
,
. 397)
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
(
)
.
(medium)
,
1.
,
"-
.,
, 1974. "
),
- 1, ( . X-Liii)
,
2.
, 1969.
3.
,
) 1963,
4.
,
., 1990.
,
,
5.
, 1974. "
,
?"
),
- 1 ( . 15-28)
,
6.
,
., 1967.
,
,
.
7.
, 1992. English - Tamil Dictionary, University of
Madras, Chennai.
8.
,
(Kamil Zvelebil), Comparative Dravidian Phonology,
Mouton, The Hague.
9.
,
, 1974. Tamil Literature, Otto Harassowitz, Wise baden.
10.
, ., 1969. Some problems in the study of Tolkappiyam in
relation to Sangam poetry in the Proceedings of the First International
Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies. 1966, Vol. II 38-44, Kuala Lumpur.
11.
,
,
,
(
),
, 1934.
12.
,
,
,
, 1953.
13.
,
,
,
, 1971.
14.
,
,
,
, 1972.
15.
,
., 1988.
,
16.
, ., 1978, The concept of sentence structure in
Tolkappiyam in Studies in Early Dravidian Grammars, Ed. S.Agesthialingom
& N. Kumaraswami Raja, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. P. 23-38.
17.
, ., 1984. "
",
2:2,3,
,
. 71-72.
18.
,
., 1987. "
",
-1,
19.
, ., 1997. "Ancient Tamil writing system as revealed
in the Tamil grammatical Literature in K.P. Acharya (Ed.) On Writing, Central
Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, P. 34-40.
20.
, . 1998. "
,
),
,
,
21.
,
. 1999.
:
,
22.
,
, 2000. "
",
23.
, , 2001, Studies in Tolkappiyam, Annamalai
University, Anamalai Nagar.
24.
, 1975.
,
25.
. 1979,
,
,
26.
,
.
, 1969, "Tolkappiyars Literary Theory.
Proccedings of the First International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies,
Vol. II Kualalumpur.
27.
R.H. Robins, 1967, A short History of Linguistics, Longmans, London.
28.
C.F. Hockett, 1958, A Course in Modern Linguistics, McMillan, New York