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Ionisation Energies
Ionisation Energies
Number of protons increases, shielding stays the same, so attraction of outer electrons to nucleus
increases
2.
Outermost electron in B is 2p, outermost electron in Be is 2s, 2p electron in B better shielded than 2s
electron in Be, so it is less attracted to nucleus
3.
2p electron is paired in O but unpaired in N, so in O there is more repulsion in the orbital which
makes the electron easier to remove
4.
More shells, so more shielding, so attraction of outer electrons to the nucleus decreases
5.
No shielding in 1st period so electrons closely held than in other periods, and more protons than
hydrogen so greater attraction to nucleus
6.
7.
1st electron removed from 3s, second electron removed from 2p so much less shielding
8.
Number of protons increases, shielding stays the same, so attraction of outer electrons to nucleus
increases and they move closer
9.
More shells, so more shielding, so attraction of outer electrons to the nucleus decreases and they are
pushed further away
10.
Less electrons, so less repulsion, so electrons can get closer to the nucleus
11.
6.
The values of the first ionisation energies of neon, sodium and magnesium are 2080,
494 and 736 kJ mol1, respectively.
(a)
(b)
Write an equation to illustrate the process occurring when the second ionisation
energy of magnesium is measured.
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......................
(2)
(c)
Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than
that of sodium.
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......................
......................
(2)
(d)
Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of neon is higher than that of
sodium.
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......................
......................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Mg+(g) Mg2+(g) + e
Equation
+
2+
1
1
4.
(a)
Write equations to show the chemical processes which occur when the first and the second
ionisation energies of lithium are measured.
First ionisation energy equation .........................................................................
Second ionisation energy equation .....................................................................
(3)
(b)
(i)
Explain why helium has a much higher first ionisation energy than lithium.
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(ii)
Explain why beryllium has a higher first ionisation energy than boron.
...................................................................................................................
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(iii)
Explain why the first ionisation energy of krypton is greater than the first ionisation
energy of bromine.
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..............................................................................................................................
(iv)
Explain why the second ionisation energy of beryllium is greater than the first
ionisation energy.
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(8)
(Total 11 marks)
4.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
8
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