ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel deeply indebted towards people who have guided me in this project. It would have not have been possible to make such an extensive report without the help, guidance and inputs from them. I would firstly like to express my gratitude towards my guide, Prof. Anu Singh Lather for having shown so much of flexibility & guiding in such a way that I was really learning the subject all the time. She helped me in deciding the project topic. She showed a lot of openness in her approach and I would like to thank her for her support in a way that has lead to proper & effective learning. I would hereby, make most of the opportunity by expressing my sincerest thanks to all my faculties whose teachings gave me conceptual understanding and clarity of comprehension, which ultimately made my job more easy. Credit also goes to all my friends whose encouragement kept me in good stead. Their continuous support has given me the strength and confidence to complete the project without any difficulty. Last of all but not the least I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to the respondents without whom this survey would have been incomplete.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Title of the project: MOBILE ADVERTISING IN B2C MARKET

Objectives:
Understanding how organizations use Mobile Advertising in India

Study consumer responsiveness to mobile marketing, in terms of its impact on purchase decision making. Gain an insight into the perception of mobile users towards mobile marketing/advertising and their utility value in terms of impact on purchase decision.

Research Methodology: Research included gathering both primary and secondary data. Primary data in the study have been collected through questionnaire. Secondary data has been taken from internet, newspaper, magazines and companys web sites.

Data Collection: Primary data collected through questionnaires. Secondary data collected from internet, newspapers, magazines and companies web sites.

Action Plan First and foremost, accumulating information from newspapers (Economic Times, Times of India), Journals, Magazines and Internet. Secondly, taking a sample size (about 100) and doing a market survey by filling up questionnaires from customers to find out what is the customer perception about Mobile advertisements. Also taking into consideration their attitude, preferences and suggestions. Thirdly, analyzing the data collected. Critical analysis of consumer perception their choice and preferences.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction
1.1 MOBILE ADVERTISING
Mobile advertising is a form of advertising via mobile (wireless) phones or other mobile devices. It is a subset of mobile marketing. Mobile advertising as a medium has been drawing significant attention from media giants and the advertising industry since the mid-2000s. Mobile technology is identifying newer mobile multimedia and is constantly evolving. Mobile advertising is slowly emerging as the preferred choice for advertisers as mobiles are extremely personal devices with an unparalleled reach, resulting in opportunities to target audiences in ways that no other media can offer. Mobile Advertising Mobile advertising encompasses text messaging, mobile commerce, and Bluetooth marketing along with the traditional search engine marketing, banner adverts, video adverts, and ringtone downloads. 1.1.1 Mobile as Media This unobtrusive two-way communications caught the attention of media industry and advertisers as well as cell phone makers and telecom operators. Eventually, SMS became a new media - called the seventh mass media channel by several media and mobile experts -and even more, it is a two-way mobile media, as opposed to one-way immobile media like radios, newspapers and TV. Besides, the immediacy of responsiveness in this two-way media is a new territory found for media industry and advertisers, who are eager to measure up market response immediately. Additionally, the possibility of fast delivery of the messages and the ubiquity of the technology (it does not require any additional functionality from the mobile phone, all devices available today are capable of receiving SMS), make it ideal for time- and location-sensitive advertising, such as customer loyalty offers (ex. shopping centers, large brand stores), SMS promotions of events, etc. To leverage this strength of SMS advertising, timely and reliable delivery of messages is paramount, which is guaranteed by some SMS gateway providers. Mobile media has begun to draw more significant attention from media giants and advertising industry since the mid-2000s, based on a view that mobile media was to change the way advertisements were made, and that mobile devices can form a new media sector. Despite this, revenues are still a small fraction of the advertising industry as a hole. Inform a reported that mobile advertising in 2007 was worth $2.2 billion. This is less than 0.5% of the approximately $450 billion global advertising industry. Types of mobile advertising are expected to change rapidly. In other words, mobile technology will come up with a strong push for identifying newer and unheard-of mobile multimedia, with the result that subsequent media migration will greatly stimulate a consumer behavioral shift and establish a paradigm shift in mobile advertising. A major media migration is on, as desktop Internet evolves into mobile Internet. One typical case in point is Nielsens recent buyout of Telephia

However it should be kept in mind that the rapid change in the technology used by mobile advertisers can also have adverse effect to the number of consumers being reached by the mobile advertisements, due to technical limitations of their mobile devices. Because of that, campaigns that aim to achieve wide response or are targeting lower income groups might be better off relying on older, more widespread mobile advertising technologies, such as SMS. A BBC news article of August 2006 indicated, "Young drive 'radical media shift'", pointing to a fast shift away from the traditional media. "They are leaving the traditional media and moving towards new media. This generation has grown up with new technologies - and it is this generation for whom the uptake is instinctive." 1.1.2 Mobile Advertising and Marketing Mobile advertising is coming to a phone near you but simply translating existing models wont work. The increasing availability of multimedia content is opening a large opportunity for sophisticated forms of mobile advertising. As content that already incorporates advertising like live TV programming makes its to mobile handsets, brands and entertainment content providers are beginning to see the value of presenting full multimedia ads with programs. Operators in the U.S and Western Europe are currently either testing various forms of advertising with 3G services or are allowing ads to be served on their portals. A number of multimedia companies will launch advertising in H1 2006 within their multimedia offering. Furthermore, the entry large online search engines into the mobile world opens up new advertising opportunities in the shape of context-based mobile search. From 2005 when the Nascent Market Gamered $255 million in Europe and the United States, mobile marketing and advertising in these two geographical areas will grow to exceed $1 billion in 2009, provided certain elements fall into place. Issues to be resolved include business models and revenue share, the type, length and frequency of ads, consumer attitudes and many others. Operators will have to walk a fine line between maximizing the revenue potential of advertising, while at the same time not risk alienating subscribers and increasing chum by doing so.

1.2 Mobile Industry in India

The Indian mobile services market is highly competitive with six to eight players operating in each of the 23 telecom circles that the country is divided into. The intensity of competition has increased in recent months following the launch of GSM services by Reliance Communications (RCom) and Tata DoCoMo, CDMA services by Sistema Shyam; and the continuing pan-Indian GSM rollout by Aircel, Idea Cellular (Idea), and Vodafone Essar (Vodafone). The competitive intensity is expected to increase even further as new licensees launch their services and Mobile Number Portability (MNP) is introduced in India. The recent increase in competition in the Indian mobile services market is evident from the aggressive tariff plans being introduced by players, a move that has led to a decline in the average revenue per user (ARPU), revenue growth, and profitability of
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the industry. Besides, profitability of the mobile service providers is also being impacted by the increasing share of low ARPU subscribers in incremental additions, the bulk of which is happening in the semi-urban and rural areas where the mobile penetration rates are still low. The financials of the telecom companies for the second quarter (Q2) of 2009-10 show the impact of the ongoing tariff war and increase in competitive intensity in the Indian mobile services market. Although some of the incumbent operators with strong financials, extensive networks, and larger share of high paying customers would be better positioned to withstand the kind of competitive pressures anticipated, high capital expenditure on 3G may well lead to continued negative free cash flows and push up funding requirements. Intensified competition and the aggressive pricing strategies adopted by the existing operators could challenge the sustainability of the new entrants as breaking even at lower tariffs would take longer. This would also imply delay in the generation of positive cash flows for the new entrants. Given this scenario, it is likely that the Indian mobile services market would see some consolidation over the medium to long term. 1.2.1 India is among the fastest growing mobile markets in the world India, the second largest mobile market in the world, is also among the fastest growing mobile markets globally. The total number of mobile subscribers in India (i.e., the subscriber base) has increased from 6.4 million in March 2002 to around 350 million in December 2008, at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 81%, aided by a significant increase in network coverage and a continual decline in tariffs and handset prices.

India, a relatively late entrant into mobile services, has benefited from a significant decline in mobile network costs during the last three to four years. As compared with a capital cost of US$50-90/subscriber to provide mobile service, it costs as much as US$200-350/subscriber to provide fixed-line services. This and the added benefit of mobility have led to stagnation in the total fixed line subscriber base, which along with the significant growth in the mobile base has translated into India having one of the highest ratios globally of mobile subscribers to total telecom subscribers.

1.2.2 Competition set to intensify further with market liberalization

The Indian mobile sector is an intensely competitive industry, featuring 10 mobile operators, of which four, namely Bharti Airtel Limited, Reliance Communications Limited, Vodafone Essar Limited and BSNL, together account for almost three-fourths of the entire mobile market share. This is also partly on account of the fact that these four operators have their presence in a larger number of circles as compared with other players. With licences being granted to some of the existing operators for new circles and also to new entrants, competition is expected to intensify further.

1.3 Mobile Marketing why the buzz???

The advertising and marketing messages in our mobile phone inbox outnumbers the

personal messages. Right from mobile service providers commercial offers through contests, downloads, quizzes etc, fresh arrivals and recent launches in the major lifestyle retail chains you frequent to, e-tutorials, insurance, credit card or other financial services, to spiritual courses such as Art of Living deluge your mobile phone inbox throughout the day or even in the wee hours of night sometimes. No wonder companies are vigorously trying to wire you to their products and services through this wireless device. More people in the world have access to an Internet ready mobile device than a PC with Internet access.

The truth and logic behind all that is in the post-industrial era, with the emergence of high speed wireless network technologies and the increasing market penetration of mobile phones, the marketing paradigms have been gradually changing from mass marketing to relationship marketing, market share to customer share. Communicating and / or sharing commercial content, message or information has also been shifting from analogue or broadcast medium to dialogue-oriented or interactive medium and many-to-many, social networking based communication modes termed as smart-mobbing. Technologies enabling such way of communication include the internet, computer-mediated communication such as internet relay chat, and wireless devices like mobile phones and personal digital assistants.
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Mobile has a wider base of audience compared to Internet, with large number of subscribers owning personal handsets. Mobile is a very interactive medium and can engage with the audience effectively. Marketing over mobile phone is profitable for companies offering niche products or giving discounts on their products. It offers the advantage of targeted advertising. The consumers are segmented and accordingly specific advertisements can be aimed at them. This specific targeting will give rise to better response from the consumers side. Mobile is growing more than any other digital media today and with it the number of consumers and the applications used by them also increasing. New experiments are being done to innovate and improve the delivery mode of advertisements. Specific advertisements for handsets are being made by advertisement agencies. Globally the industry was valued at Rs 3 billion in 2007. The main advantage of the medium is the personalization of a message from the company to their consumer. Mobile marketing is about personal marketing. It can be tailor made to suit the requirements of the target. Being new, there is some amount of novelty attached with it. Mobile marketing is still in the experimental stage in our country. This will succeed only if the handsets and the applications are well designed and can be easily used by the consumers. Mobile does not just operate in the virtual space like internet. It is a combination of both physical and virtual space. Say for instance, someone goes to mobile store and likes a particular handset. S/he can immediately check on their mobile for shops nearby for cheaper rates. This way it merges both the physical and virtual space. However, all this can happen only if mobile marketers are able to successfully personalize the messages, localize it according to the consumers location and provide information immediately when asked for.
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1.3.1 THE ADVANTAGES OF MOBILE ADVERTISING Besides the global penetration of mobile phones, other specific characteristics of the mobile phone technology facilitate marketing measures pertaining to Personalization Ubiquity Interactivity Localization - beyond the capacity of other media.

Personalization: Mobile phones are mainly used by a single person and are often considered an intimate accessory and a status symbol expressing individuality, especially by the teenage group and the youth. The various ways they use to personalize their mobile phones include choosing a particular brand, size, colour, and display logo and ring tone. It is continuously carried by them within reach and is an important part of their daily lives. For business users, as well, the mobile phone has similarly become a highly personal instrument. They also individualize their mobile phones by saving contacts, messages and important dates. Furthermore, the user of each mobile phone and each users personal instrument are identifiable through the SIM (subscriber identity module) card. The mobile phone therefore appears to be the ideal medium for direct and personalized customer communication. Interactivity: Being a highly interactive medium, mobile phones enable the recipient of a message to respond immediately, affecting the communication actively. It allows bi-directional mode of communication and direct dialogue between the advertiser and the potential customer. Localization: Mobile marketing has a major advantage of localization. Locationbased mobile phone services on the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Cell of Origin (COO) platform to enable triggering impulse purchasing or point of sale marketing by adapting and aiming the marketing effort to the place wherever the user might be. Ubiquity: Through mobile phone communication, companies can reach out to the potential customers anytime and anywhere, round the clock. Usually mobile phone users carry their handsets with them at all times and may leave it on, on standby mode for an average of 14 hours a day. Entertainment value: Customers are generally more receptive towards commercial communication through mobile phones due to its high information, storage and often entertainment values.
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Viral marketing: Marketing campaigns through mobile phones also have the potential

of being driven by viral effects. A commercial content when received as a forwarded message from a friend or acquaintance who is supposedly a neutral sender and not a self-interested sender, has more chance of being received positively and re-forwarded to others for information dissemination. It helps the campaign by enlarging its reach and credibility.

1.4 Evolution Of Mobile Marketing - the global scenario

Little known fact: In his farewell address, President George Washington predicted that 1797 would be the year of mobile. Every year since, pundits have been telling us that mobiles big-time debutante cotillion is definitely next year. For about the last 5-7 years, people have been promising that the year of mobile is only months away. And every year they have been wrong. Mobile marketing is just getting rolling. For marketers, mobile marketing and advertising has great promise it combines the wide reach of television with the precision of direct marketing and the tracking potential of the Internet. Mobile marketing campaigns using SMS, and more recently MMS, have already helped to open up the eyes of the media world to the power of the mobile channel. Interactive TV and radio, product promotions using coupons and competitions, even charitable giving, have exploited this medium. But things are set to change as Internet style advertising, in the shape of display advertising (banner ads) and search, and even TV-style advertising, come to mobile. Consequently, the opportunities for marketers to reach and engage with consumers through this medium will expand even further. Now, more than ever, marketers are looking for alternative ways to reach customers. Traditional channels for advertising, like TV, radioeffective because consumers now consume information and entertainment very differently than in the past, due largely to the digitization of content and the increasing ease of access to the Internet. This is especially true of the highly coveted "youth" demographic - the 18 to 34 year olds with high disposable income, high brand awareness, and short attention spans. Studies conducted by different research organizations constantly ponder upon the fact that mobile marketing and advertising could be an important driver of growth for mobile operators too. This would be due to its strong influence on the future development of the mobile Internet and the subsequent growth in demand for mobile content. and print, are becoming less effective because consumers now consume information and entertainment very differently than in the past, due largely to the digitization of content and the increasing ease of access to the Internet. This is especially true of the highly coveted "youth" demographic - the 18 to 34 year olds with high disposable income, high brand awareness, and short attention spans. Studies conducted by different research organizations constantly ponder upon the fact that mobile
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marketing and advertising could be an important driver of growth for mobile operators too. This would be due to its strong influence on the future development of the mobile Internet and the subsequent growth in demand for mobile content. But, the point that demands sufficient stress is that mobile operators must act now to ensure that the mobile marketing and advertising market prospers, and that they can fully exploit the opportunities it affords them. It warns that the robust and profitable development of this market will only be possible if the major players - operators, handset vendors, content providers, advertisers and Internet portals - collaborate effectively. It also predicts that the extent of this collaboration may be limited, as the motivations and objectives of some of the key players will inevitably conflict. Given the immaturity of this market, the fickleness and impatience of consumers, and the complexities and politics of the telecoms industry, we believe the next two years will be critical as other technology and market trends could prove to be barriers to the anticipated growth of this market, For example, a damaging consumer backlash against intrusive and unsolicited mobile marketing could occur if overzealous marketers fail to respect consumers' right to privacy and inundate them with unwanted and irrelevant mobile marketing messages. Experts believe that mobile advertising will be a necessary driver for the development and commercialization of the mobile Internet, just as online advertising has been for the 'fixed' Internet to-date. In tandem with this mobile advertising and mobile content - are inextricably linked. The success of one will enable the success of the other and vice versa.

1.5 Mobile Advertising Channels

Mobile is not like TV, where you have basically three options: 30s, 15s, and product integration. The breadth of data services is remarkable and growing almost daily. Here are the biggies, and a few example ways one can use them. Faced with declining voice revenues and having under-exploited the first SMS based mobile marketing wave, Mobile Operators view mobile advertising as a key new revenue stream. However, the size of these revenues will depend on how much of the Mobile Advertising value chain the Operators manage to control and the extent to which they leverage their customer base through effective use of their CRM data. Implementing an end-to-end Mobile Advertising platform with multi-channel delivery capabilities on their own network will enable Mobile Operators to build a strong position in the Mobile Advertising ecosystem and to monetise their strategic assets. To overcome the problems of current mobile advertising solutions, this platform must focus on the user experience and enable flexible ad-funded business models. Most importantly, it must allow Operators to demonstrate the intrinsic value of their network and successfully wholesale this value to the advertising ecosystem. Mobile Advertising holds the potential to eliminate the cost barriers for the widespread adoption of wireless data services. Just like Internet advertising helped drive Internet adoption by consumers in the 90s, so too can mobile advertising drive mainstream mobile internet adoption through various ad- funded business models.
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Operators can offer a wide portfolio of ad-funded services to subscribers that subsidise access costs and deliver real value to the subscriber. Key to achieving this goal is support for flexible business models and a personalised user experience. The success of the Internet advertising model has proven that advertising business models can achieve huge revenue growth. Yet despite the hype surrounding mobile advertising, there is much Operator scepticism and mobile advertising is largely unproven. This is mainly due to the fact that current mobile advertising solutions do not adequately address the business model and user experience requirements. The popular channels used by marketers/content providers and operators to reach the target audience are as follows: 1.5.1 Mobile Search Mobile search works much the same way as web search, placing prominent paid search results in results. Mobile search is an ideal option for retailers because mobile searchers are more likely to be ready to buy than someone using a PC. They are out and ready to walk in your door.

One key consideration before you do this is that you need a mobile friendly site to send people to. It will likely be a dumbed down version of your regular site. Fewer graphic and more succinct texts. Making a site mobile friendly means that the marketer needs to consider several differences between mobile and PC browsing: 1. Screen size = That screen is a lot smaller and browsing a wide, long, and complex page becomes rather difficult 2. Browser compatibility = there are more major browsers for mobile than PCs 3. Page Weight: The networks that support mobile phones distribute web content more slowly than a high speed PC connection. Heavy graphics are generally a no-no for mobile. One really important thing to consider is that unlike in web search, there are vastly fewer sponsored search positions in Mobile. Youre either a top bidder or you are invisible. Mobile search is purchased on a pay per click basis just like web search. Pay for performance.
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1.5.2 SMS Texting is by far the most popular non-voice usage of cell phones, and for this reason many companies have started their mobile efforts there. The first S in the acronym SMS stands for short, and thats because a text message must be 160 characters or less in length. So succinctness is critical in SMS. SMS can be used in a variety of ways: 1. Develop a text CRM program that stays in touch with consumers in short SMS bursts. 2. Sponsor text messages delivered by publishers, for example Wall Street daily recaps. 3. Offer a promotional message stream through SMS. 4. SMS summary of new headlines available on your site. 5. Offer SMS as a way of capturing email addresses and phone numbers for later marketing. 6. Use SMS as a way of gathering feedback, votes, or other perspective from users and prospects. SMS can also be a revenue stream for certain types of businesses. Premium SMS charges consumers an extra fee in addition to normal monthly SMS charges for certain services. Dating services, horoscopes, psychic readings, stock tips, and other banal or profound bits of information are delivered via premium SMS. The money can be staggering. 1.5.3 Ringtones, Wallpaper, and Other Bling Ringtones and wallpapers and games are also enormous businesses. Perhaps not relevant to most marketers, though offering free ringtones and wallpapers might be a very compelling promotion. The financial math in these businesses is nothing short of fantastic.

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Ringtone companies generally have a bad reputation. Part of this is due to marketing practices that entice young (<18) people with free ringtones, with tiny print that indicates that by accepting the ringtone you are enrolling in a pricey monthly subscription. Not all companies have engaged in these practices by any stretch, but those that do have soured some media outlets to their buys and have piqued regulator scrutiny of the market. Also, a prime target of ringtone and game makers and sellers is teens, so the content tends to benon politically correct. Games can also be very profitable, though a key challenge here is developing a game that works on a broad swath of handsets. Companies like Thumbplay and Flycell are leaders here. One senses however, that the nav buttons on this kind of content are pressed so often that the text is about to wear off, so it can be said that theyre just giving people what they want. 1.5.4 Mobile Banners

Mobile banners are graphical ads, just like web banners. They are usually purchased by CPM. One difference, though, is that banners are not sold by size instead, the size of banners is optimized to the screen of the recipients phone. And thats only logical. If I have a tiny screen on a tiny phone, it makes sense that the banner deployed would be smaller than on a phone with a big screen. Targeting options are broadening rapidly. All of the major types of targeting are available including: 1. Contextual, meaning the matching of an ad to related content. 2. Demographic, enabling you to target by gender, age, income, and the like

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3. Behavioral, indicating that you focus ads on people who have demonstrated certain browsing behaviors on their phones. So, for example, a car company might buy ads on phones of people who have visited car research sites. 4. Geographic, meaning internationally, nationally, by region, state, DMA, or even cell tower area. 1.5.5 Full Screen Graphical Ads Phones now offer the user the option to download applications like games, tools, or other utilities. As part of a download, advertisers can be sponsors. Sponsoring some applications like, for example, a game or a mapping function, may entitle an advertiser to a full screen ad. This will run as a pre- or post-application welcome screen or bumper. These within applications can drive users to other sponsored pages in the application, click to email capture, click to call, or click to send MMS or SMS.

Because phone sets have different screen sizes, such full page sponsorships will likely require you to make more than one creative size for your message. Consumer receptivity to ads in downloadable applications is going to vary depending upon the cost of the app, the level of intrusiveness of the marketing message, and the relevance of an ad to the application. For example, if an advertiser offered consumers a good game for free instead of say $9.99 without ads, a large proportion of mobile users will prefer the sponsored game version. 1.5.6 MMS Allows the campaign to use Text, sound and image making it richer.

Images can be static or animated;

Use 1:1 aspect ratio as possible as it will make the ad visible in most mobile phones without the needing of scroll;

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The advertisement can be placed before or after the original message; Images format are: .JPEG and .GIF for static, .GIF for animated; Actually there's no guidelines regarding the audio; It is recommended that the file does not exceed 100kb;

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1.6 Strategic Approach to Mobile Marketing

Thus far we have demonstrated that the opportunity for brands to reach and influence consumers via mobile is significant. We concede that the mobile advertising industry is in its infancy and we agree that there are obstacles that must be overcome before it can become a mainstream advertising medium, but brands such as Adidas, Microsoft and News Corp are increasing brand equity through mobile media now; they are learning fast and potentially leapfrogging their competitors. This opportunity must however be shaped through the development of a coherent mobile marketing strategy that is fully integrated with your brands primary marketing strategy and clearly supports your businesses objectives by demonstrating unquestionable ROI. When developing any marketing strategy we need, in the simplest of terms, to define where we are and where we want to be. This applies no less to our mobile marketing strategy. When we define where we are we must look at our current market share, sales, profit, customer base, product awareness and brand position. We can also look at our historical and current use of mobile media and the use of mobile media by our competitors.

CHAPTER 2
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Literature Review
2.1 Factors Affecting Mobile Advertising Adoption Certain factors can be explained as key determinants of SMS-based mobile advertising adoption. These can be group into two categories managerial (branding strategy, location-based service, and service cost) and environmental (regulatory, facilitating condition and cultural barriers) See (Figure 2.1)

Companys intention to use mobile advertising

2.1.1Branding Strategy Mobile internet provides an effective channel for building customer relationships by means of promotional and direct marketing activities. More specifically wireless email had been regarded as an effective tool to enhance brand awareness, build or test customer loyalty, and develop or enhance demographic database.

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The traditional use of internet through computer does not allow brands to reach customers wherever they want, even though it is claimed that internet has made it possible for customer to reach the company at their desired time, however customers can only be reached if they are sitting in front of computer, on the contrary mobile devices are always with the user making it possible for brands to reach their customer anytime anywhere. Customers will highly value channels that are time and space flexible. Access to ubiquitous channels is of special importance to customers particularly if the product and services are time critical. Through mobile devices brands can distribute information about product, innovation, coupon announcements, or/special offers. Customer can also utilize the wireless channel to request about product usage, for example ask about the menu of a restaurant or evening program of television channel thereby increasing the ability of customer to the full benefit of the relevant product or services brands are able to offer. In the same vein brands get feed back from their customers due to two-way communication between brand and customer enabled by mobile device. Typically wireless devices are use to coordinate social networks. Information received by a member of the network in most cases can be forwarded to other members of the network. Therefore brands information can be delivered on broader level other than the brands own customer database, this is as a result of the social interaction among the members of the customer database. The implication of this is the delivering of brand jingle, logos, slogans within the social networks this can double the number of end-users exposed to the brands, thereby increase the brand knowledge (ibid).A survey using popular brands trial in mobile advertising found that as many as 84 % of the 500 young British adult are likely to recommend the service to their friends, while only 7 % are likely to abandon the service (Barwise & Strong. 2002). An earlier study undertook by Enpocket between 2001 and 2002 found that in mobile advertising the level of brand recognition was as high as (66%) of people who remember and spontaneously recall the average campaign. The best campaigns exceed 50% spontaneous brand awareness and 80% prompted awareness. SMS is 50% more successful at building brand awareness than TV and 130% more successful than radio. SMS advertising also makes the recipient feel more positive about the brand being advertised. The strongest proof of branding success comes from the propensity for the consumer to buy the brand in the future. On average 36% of SMS campaign recipients say they are more likely to buy the product advertised as a result of the campaign. This rises to 71% for the best campaigns.

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Some companies have already tried mobile advertising in their brandy strategy for instance McDonalds together with popular TV song competition in the UK undertook text-messaging campaigns giving out concert ticket and backstage pass. In addition competition was offered to college student who sent text message to a number printed on diet coke can when entering into Coca-Cola Grand Sweepstakes. 2.1.2 Facilitating Conditions The technologies associated with wireless communications requires infrastructure which allows mobile device users to send and receive SMS-based messages. Seeing the need for theoretical base for wireless internet adoption base on the technology acceptance model (lu et. al, 2003) as cited in Okazaki (2005) suggest that that facilitating conditions and ease of use of wireless internet is one of the most important determinants of adopting mobile internet. In the light of this the integration of competing standards and fragmented systems across countries, cross-network support for SMS, and higher connection speeds are all necessary conditions greater transmission of mobile advertising. Furthermore, the availability of web enabled mobile handsets with 2.5G or 3G functionality would significantly affect adoption of Multimedia Media Services (MMS) based advertising campaigns. There must be various type of handset to enable consumers to choose combination of functions and features that best suit their needs. Mobile phones of the same brand sold in Japan and Europe with not have the same technical features. In Japan, a special emphasis is placed on given superior color display using better input method. For example, Nokias 7110 WAP allows only four lines of text on a black and white display, whilst Japanese counterpart allows for 256-color graphics, six lines of characters, and a screen resolution of 111x 106 pixels in smaller size (ibid). 2.1.3 Location-based services (LBS) In order to determine a person's position, different location techniques can be used. The most popular techniques use satellites: i.e. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) which compute the user's position from the signals transmitted from a satellite constellation. The main advantages of such satellite systems are their global coverage, accuracy and minimum impact on the existing communication networks . LBS are service that is able to utilize of location of mobile device user. A geographically specific advert can be delivered to smart phone user wherever they are traveling to. Allied Business intelligence reported that by the year 2006 LBS industry will account for more than 40 billion Euros in revenue in Europe. One of the much talk about capabilities of wireless internet hav been LBS (Kolmel, 2002) The reason being that advertiser can reach consumer when he/she is mostly likely to make purchase (ibid). As a result cellular phone manufacturers and service providers
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are increasingly attracted by commercial viability of applying the satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) to the wireless service (Okazaki, 2005). Currently the location tracking applications has much more wider implications. for instance on the extended menu of "i-mode" "i-area" includes a various location-based services restaurant guide, weather news, local hotel information, zoomable maps with address finder function, and traffic updates and estimation of travel times. KDDI, the second largest Japanese operator began to sell out a GPS enabled handset, which makes it possible for location-based service to be much more personalized (ibid). Mobile communication technologies which are always provided on broadband connections in combination with location computation technologies will bring some obvious benefits. The bulk will be commercial services providing specific content targeted at individuals and their context. According to Murphy et al., (2005) Mobile phones provide two key argument for ecommerce ubiquity and location independent, this has made consumers to demand tailored and locationbased services thereby increasing the importance of personalized marketing, also virtual communities can be created by properly applied location-based service (Ibid).For example, Telia being one of the Europes biggest and innovative telecommunication companies, launched a realtime SMS game using mobile positioning to let users play against others in their vicinity. According Barnes (2003) as referred to by Okazaki (2005) the GPS facilities together with other location based-service will give companies strategic advantage in mobile advertising, the reason being that there is tendency for consumer behavior and receptiveness to advertisement to be influence by location and time, and marketers can persuade the consumer to make impulse purchases by giving the right information at the right time, and at the right place. 2.1.4 Service costs Service costs is one of the important factors in wireless advertising adoption, the cost of sending SMS message is comparably lower than other data oriented devices such as WAP, the cost of sending a message is 0.02 Euro in Philippines, 0.04 in Euro in Japan and 0.11 Euro in western Europe, the affordability has impacted greatly on the suitability and potential of applying SMS in commerce. In Japan, the cost of mobile services is much lower compared to that of the wired Internet. NTTs DoCoMo prices data-oriented wireless services at a much lower rate compared to data-oriented wired services, SMS messaging is relatively higher in Japan because it is considered as low cost, convenient, and easy to use-to-use alternative to charting tools on the wired internet. (Wang et al, 2002). According to Leppaniemi et al., (2005) within a few seconds companies can undertake marketing campaigns targeting tens of thousand of people with a proportion of the costs compared to other direct medium such as telephone and direct mail. Two types of costs calculations are used by advertising industry to evaluate media efficiency: Cost-Per-Thousand
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impressions (CPM) and Cost-Per-Rating point (CPP). CPP is ratio a ratio based on how much it costs to buy one rating point, or one percent of the population in an area being evaluated. CPM is a ratio based on how much it costs to reach a thousand people. CPM is used in both print and electronic media, previous studies on advertising mainly use CPM calculations. CPM is calculated by multiplying the unit cost of media vehicle by 1000 and dividing the result by audience size of the vehicle.
For example if an advertising campaign costs US $5000 and assumed audience is of 300,000 consumers, the CPM will be approximately US$17. In addition to the CPM measure in media marketers have to apply several adjustments audience-attention probability, prestige and believability of the media selection. The CPM measure of direct mail is between US $ 500 to US$ 700, for e-mail CPM ranges from US$5 to US$7. However m-advertising provides a new and innovative ways of promoting goods and services since e-mail is losing its efficiency as an advertising medium. According Forrester research m-advertising provide greater economics compared with other direct marketing medium, with remarkable average response rate of 11 % at average campaign costs of US $ 28,000. Forrester calculated that the CPM of US$ 125 couple of response rate of 13 % in mobile advertising, overtake mail and phone alternative. Mobile medium is becoming strong force in building dialogue between the marketer and end-user with no comparable alternative.

According Stefan et al., (2003)Looking at CPM one can see that the mobile channel is still more expensive than prime time television but one need to keep mind that the distribution paid by the service provider only takes place if a target customer profile and the situation description of the customer do match. As a result spreading losses are reduced to barest minimum and quality of contact acquired is averagely higher than traditional mass media, which can provide weak customize targeting and allocation mechanisms. In the long run this can lead to a distribution through the mobile channel that is more cost efficient than traditional media. In Japan for instance through i-mode users can access sites from anywhere and usually at lower rates, because their charges are based on the volume of data transmitted, not the amount of time spent connected to the system. i-mode offers a win-win situation for both developers and subscribers. Content providers have the chance to concentrate on the provision of information while NTT DoCoMo takes care of all billing on their behalf. This had attracted a lot of subscribers due to constantly updated wealth of exciting and convenient content (NTT DoCoMo, 2005). European counterparts will be in position to charge their content providers minimal fees and this would in turn serve as incentive to companies to create their own mobile advertising campaigns, if the business model of i-mode service had been transferred through partnership and knowledge exchange. (Okazaki, 2005)

2.1.5 Regulatory control

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The main difference between mobile advertising and e-mail advertising is the opt-in According to (Sadeh, 2002) this opt-in function is very important in providing endusers full control over the messages they receive, in that end-users demand for highly personalized service need to be reconcile with desire for privacy. Corporate policies need to take into account legalities such as electronic contract, electronic signature and condition for sending SMS message. According to DeZoysa (2002) in Okazaki (2005) European consumers regard SMS as irritating and intrusive in a survey result conducted across Western European countries in 2002, of 3000 mobile users almost all the respondents see any SMS campaigns to their mobile phones as intrusive even if it last for 30 seconds. As many as 46 percent of Europeans agreed to use mobile banking and this raises concern for European lawmakers and require them to enact law which protect consumers financial information, this is because mobile banking users may be highly concern about security concerning their information, the reason being that mobile banking allow consumers to request that their account balance via SMS. (Mallet et. al, 2004) In Japan it is not difficult to obtain permission via "opt-in", meanwhile as many as 70 percent of i-mode users subscribe to email at a cost though. In November 2001, Court in Tokyo Japan issues an injunction on Global Network a company which spams DoCoMo customers, this is believed to be first of its kind, this spamming cause a system failure and disruption. As much as 900,000 spam messages were sent within an hour with 170,000 going undelivered, as result Ministry of Public Management support DoCoMos initiative of blocking spam messages. To avoid such malpractices UK Mobile Operators (Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile, 02, 3 and Virgin) announced a joint Code of Practice for the self-regulation of new forms of content on mobile phones in 2004, this is to safeguard children from undesirable content on their mobile phones as well as facilitating the responsible use of the device (ICMB, 2005). In the same vein, the Mobile Marketing Association has taking steps to establish industry code of conduct for mobile marketers: These Code of Conduct is divided into six categories. (1)Choice; Consumers must opt-in to all mobile messaging programs. Consumers may opt-in to a program by sending a text message, calling a voice response unit, registering on a website, or through some other legitimate paper-based method. (2) Control Consumers must also be allowed to easily terminate -- opt-out -- their participation in an ongoing mobile messaging program through channels identical to those through which they can opt-in to a given program, (3) Customization As mobile messaging campaigns are most effective when appropriately targeted, consumers could be asked to provide demographic, preferences and other information., (4) Consideration The consumer must receive and/or be offered something of value to them in return for receiving the communication.(5) Constraint The marketer, content provider, or aggregator must provide a global "throttling mechanism" capable of managing the number of messages received by a individual consumer and (6) Confidentiality. All customers should be subjected to the terms and conditions of a privacy policy that meets TRUSTe's example (MMA 2005). MMA members need not to send mobile advertising unless they receive confirmation for "optin"; and such
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opt-in subscriber permission should not be transfer to third parties without full permission from subscriber (Petty, 2003) in Okazaki (2005) 2.1.6 Cultural Barriers According to De Mooij (2004) even though penetration of mobile phones has converged rapidly there exist differences in terms of usage. In the individualistic northern part of Europe people use mobile phones to communicate with each other, so sending SMS is very popular since people are more verbally oriented. In the southern Europe with more collective and high power distance culture people use mobile phones for talking as well as networking. From companies view point such variations may be serious obstacle to adopting mobile advertising, since single campaign may not yield same result in different market. This will make mobile advertising costly as well as inflexible if companies had to adopt mobile campaigns which are peculiar to specific segment of each market in Europe Okazaki (2005). Countries like Italy, France and Germany which are known for their high uncertainty avoidance will be unwilling to quickly adopt new technology whilst countries with low medium scores on avoidance, such as Netherlands and Scandinavian countries are likely to embrace new technology quickly (De Mooij, 2004). Japanese culture generally embraces technology couple with the low alternative way of accessing the Internet. Japanese consumers tend to spend much time on public transport with a lot of time to spare, this provides them with incentive to use m-commerce services, on the contrary, many Europeans commute by car therefore have less incentive to use mobile internet. However Anderson (2004) argued that the believe that Japanese should be more prone to embracing mobile internet because of their culture, than Europeans embracing mobile internet is weak, because similar services such as messaging, personalization of phone have been successful both in Japan and Europe as well. (Barnes and Huff, 2003) This observation implies that communication needs are universal and not specific to Japan. The rapid spread of i-mode in Japan can be attributed to word of mouth due to the normative beliefs attributed to significant others (colleagues, friends or family members) with regard to adopting and continuing to use mobile technology. This may partially accounted for as high as 75% subscription rate of e-mail newsletters among i-mode users, and this make advertising much easier. But because Europeans are relatively individual than others the spread of mobile internet through word of mouth cannot be expected of them. However because of increasing political and economic unification in the European Union, companies may perceive such cultural barriers as controllable. 2.2 Effective Mobile Advertising Campaigns
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It is becoming difficult for marketing managers to find the right strategies to reach customers with their messages, in the past it was possible to target reach large segment of potential customers by advertising through major TV networks, but the emergence of private channels have given rise to high degree of fragmentation, making it difficult to reach customers. In addition, because of difference regarding the Reach and Richness of different media types different approaches need to be employed. Reach is a function of how many customers, in this regard participants can be reached through a given medium. Richness on the contrary, is defined, (1) bandwidth i.e. the volume of information which can be sent from a company to customer in a given time (2) the degree of customization of individual information, and (3) interactivity i.e. the possibility for twoway communication. Bandwidth: This dimension refers to the amount of information that can be delivered from the sender to the receiver in a given time; face to face interaction ensures a broad bandwidth. This provides an information exchange that exceeds content level, by including tone of the voice, gestures and facial expression. Customization: This dimension refers to provision of personalized service based on the need and preferences of individual end users, For instance personal advertising agents who have personal interaction with a customer can provide better customized service than TV, Print, internet etc. Interactivity: This means the possibility of having bi-directional communication, traditional advertising medium like TV, and print tend to be less interactive. The rich marketing information communication, i.e. traditionally information that rank high on all three aspects requires closeness to the customer and/or channels specifically dedicated to transmitting the information. Mobile phone can serve as powerful means to reach out to customers because it provide both expanded Reach and Richness at the same time than other traditional advertising media. Mobile device can serve as the most important channel to reach consumers since it simultaneously provides reach and a number of richness advantages than other media forms. (Marla et.al, 2005) Mobile advertising had four distinctive aspects: Ubiquitous, detailed user information, integrated response and channel Personnel channel.

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The Trade-off between Richness and Reach in Advertising Ubiquitous Access: Ubiquitous access is more prominent in places like airport lounge, trains and subways and buses etc. marketers can take advantage of the time because during this time people are not occupied with other activities, there fore end-users are receptive to adverts and other kind of entertainments. Users of mobile phone always carries it and have it on and can be use almost anywhere and this pose a challenge and opportunities to advertisers. This is particularly prevalent among youth and teenagers who stay in touch with the peers via SMS. Boston Consulting Group (2000) discovered in that among private users, the categories "having fun" (71%) and killing time" (55%) is one of the main motivation for using mobile phones-ranking only behind "keeping in touch with friends"(85%). Detailed user information: Mobile campaigns can make use of detail and individual information about each user (such as sex, age, usage profile) this information facilitates the launching of targeted campaigns for particular product or service which is tailored to suit individual preference of the user, on the contrary traditional marketing campaigns have limited access to customer information (ibid). Integrated response channel: The mobile devices make it possible for direct interactivity with the user and response from the user can be received from the medium. This provide two merits, first it provides opportunity for rich interaction. The ubiquity and interactivity of mobile phones provide tendency for other media types (such as TV, radio, print or packing) to be interactive. For example, companies can
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reach customers through TV and keep in touch with them via mobile phone. Secondly, marketing companies can measure the impact of their advertising campaigns and adapt their strategy clearly-an approach which is uneasy to do with traditional (ibid). Personnel channel: The personal nature of mobile device make it receive much more attention from the user therefore it is very powerful than other less personal media platform, if it is well managed. With mobile phones teenagers can take full control of the communication without any limitation imposed by home phone and computer as well monitoring by parents hence they have freedom to get information which will meet their needs (ibid). 2.2.1 Types of Effective Mobile Advertising Campaigns Mobile advertising can be divided into three delivery categories push, pull and dialogue. And a mobile campaign which does not include interactivity will leave the main asset of the medium untapped. Quite number of big companies such as Century Fox, McDonald and Sony are using wireless advertising in their marketing mix, particularly to target the youth market, despite the fact that mobile advertising is a new phenomenon. These campaigns varies depending upon the degree of active involvement of the advertiser and customer Level of activity can be describe as the involvement exhibited by both the advertiser and the consumer throughout the period of advertising campaign. Traditional campaigns in the form of TV spots, radio or print ads, or poster which still dominate the advertising industry, shows low levels of activity on both consumer and advertisers side since they made up of one-way, non-interactive advertisement. Mobile campaigns, on the contrary, exhibit high level of activity on the consumers side, the advertiser or both. High level of activity on the advertising companys side means that the customer is reached proactively, whilst a high level on consumers side consumers means he/she reacts actively to an advertisement or newspaper ad, for example, by requesting more information through the mobile phone (ibid).

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2.2.2 Mobile push campaigns Push advertising can be explain as the messages that are delivered proactively to mobile device users, using this approach companies can use database containing information about existing customers or purchase externally, to reach the target groups (Peters, 2002). Push and Pull advertising should be carefully targeted and be of relevance to the viewer to improve customer response and acceptance. In each instance, user perception is key. The user should never believe that viewing the advertisers message is costing them airtime (ibid). Because of sensitive nature of mobile phone, it is important for companies to seek consent of consumers (opt-in) to receive wireless advertising, because this type of campaign requires detail profiling of the database (Pearse, 2002) in (Jelassi et al.,2004). By so doing companies can maximize the effect of advertising budget on those targeted and avoid users which are not interested in the advertising campaigns (Jelassi et al., 2004) 2.2.3 Mobile Pull campaigns Pull advertisements are messages served to users as they are navigating WAP or wireless sites/properties. Pull advertisements are seen when a user is requesting specific information from a provider and an advertisers message is displayed to the viewer, as banner ads are presented on the fixed Internet. Applying a pull approach, advertisers use their traditional marketing media mix such as TV, radio, print or packaging to promote an interactive mobile campaign. For instance, a telephone
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number on a French fries box might invite a customer to participate in a raffle for free food through his mobile phone. By calling, the consumer gives the opt-inan explicit consent to the campaignand can then participate. Through Pull advertising campaigns customers can request for precise information via their mobile phones. For example a cinema could put up two phone numbers in order for people to send text-messages: one for information about movie review and one for movie time. In this case both the operator and the cinema could equally derive financial benefit from the campaign. One of the merits of pull campaign is that issue of spam is out of question since the mobile device users actively pull the information towards themselves, all the information they receive is welcome. The information request tend to be parallel with the information received, users detailed out the information needed by selection information from the website or typing in keywords, dialing specific number (ibid). 2.2.4 Mobile Dialogue campaigns A dialogue campaign is different from Pull and Push campaigns in terms of duration and the intensity of interaction between the customer and advertiser. Simple push and pull campaigns focused around theme such as game or raffle and may last only for two to four weeks, dialogue campaigns on the other hand span for several months and include various themes that build on one another. The main aim is to create long-term relationship with consumers, in order to have full insight into consumers preferences. For instance, mobile advertisers can use mobile horoscope to ascertain the birthday of consumer which can then be use in sending out personal birth day greetings at appropriate. The extensive consumer information enables the advertising to distribute mobile coupons-for example, to introduce new products or undertake market research in very target fashion (Jelassi et al., 2004)

Taxonomy of Mobile Advertising Campaigns

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2.3 Forms of Mobile Advertising 2.3.1Competition Competition is the most popular form of mobile advertising. The main advantage of competitions is that the prize provides users with a tangible reason to contact the relevant company. If the prize is interesting competitions will have more chance to be successful. Competitions provide mobile users with a great incentive to make contact with a company. One striking aspect of competition was the speed of response rate, one example is offer by a leading cosmetics firm giving out a free sample pack to the first 50 consumers who text back, and this generated a response rate of 20 percent from those who responded, as high as 41 percent responded within the first minute. Some of the main reasons of running competition are: To launce a service. Text message competition provides a better way to launce a service, especially mobile one. For example First Choice Holiday one of the Europes leading tour Operators ran a SMS competition to launch its booking service To build database. a strong cash incentive is required if a company want add new users to Its existing database To limit opt-outs. Companies will be in position to limit number of subscribers wanting to opt-out if necessary steps is taking to establish pool of subscribers with the chance of Winning a prize (ibid) According to Grapevine interactive marketing (2000) there are several kind of mobile competition: Simple Entry: Simple Entry enables consumers to enter a competition by simply SMS a keyword associated with the brand to a competition number. Simple Entry can be used with a conventional media campaign, Txt n Win: Text n Win is the way that consumers can enter a branded competition through SMS and win prizes. Entrants choose between answer options. Quiz: Quiz entrants send a brand keyword to an SMS competition number. In reply they receive a question and then they need to reply with an answer. Correct answers qualify for branded prizes. Questions can be around the brand, event or promotion SMS Voting: An SMS voting competition provides an innovative way for viewers and listeners of traditional broadcast media such as television and radio to interact express an opinion or vote on an issue whilst the broadcast is in progress.

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There are many benefits from competition such as it can reach a wide audience wherever they are and receive entries from the hard-to-reach mobile customers. In the cost effective mobile advertising competition will save on printing, distribution and collection costs, run more and smaller, targeted competition, In addition it will enjoy short lead times for promotion and higher flexibility, test promotion methods with controlled roll-out. In order to create an effective competitions company should have a clear guideline. First they should make a good prize because it will attract people to join competitions. And in order to make competition works well when combine with other media they should have a cross media approach. The fact proved that viral effect will be very good and can have from imaginative competition so make it be imaginative. In addition, a competition should be relevant to the target audience and make customer interested to the business and products that is offered, build some form of competition that make relationship with customer so that company can send further advertising or invite customer joint to receive more promotions. Last but not least competition program should care about time to launch, season time or day time that is efficient for the purpose of company. 2.3.2 Location base service (LBS) Location Based Services are services which are enhanced with and depend on information about a mobile stations position. This kind of information will not useful if it is not correlated with some types of services. Location Based Services take up the role to supply the user of these services with customized information according to their position. Location based services that connect to a distinct location are highly relevant for local advertising such as a person can receive a message including directions to the nearest restaurant or train station. Companies can send advertisements to a registered customer when this customer passes the point of purchase, illustrating the time sensitiveness of this approach. Experts using location based services showed that because this service is time sensitive, customers should receive the message when in front of the shop and not half an hour later. The threat of text overload is increased with the rise in location based services. Even if the user have opted in to receive alerts they still possible to get trouble if they are alerted every time when they walk by the relevant location. (Haig, 2002). The most useful location base services is outside the retail arena alerts subscribers information and offers, such kind of service help customer know information that they need . There are different kinds of location base service. The first generation of services relies on the user to provide the location information manually, for example, as a street address or postal code. The next generation of services has some built-in positioning ability that is sufficient to provide routing or
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proximity information, for example to find nearest restaurant or petrol station. The third generations of location based services have greater position awareness and thus can also deliver services in the push service category, such as notification of events or traffic alerts. The fourth generation of location based services consists of location aware application based on infrastructures, technologies and techniques that enable context aware information to be seamlessly offered to the end-customer. Location-based mobile services can be classified in a number of ways. (Koeppel, 2000) introduced two broad categories of services: pull and push services. Services in the pull category enable users to pull information wherever and whenever required, whereas services in the push category utilize the position of the mobile device to determine whether the user meets the criteria of a potential customer or service recipient. 2.3.3 Mobile Coupons Companies can send coupons to mobile phones through SMS. There are three advantages from mobile coupon: targeting based on customer mobile phone numbers; time sensitivity such as receiving a 20% discount on purchases immediately after entering a shop; and efficient handling by scanning the coupons bar-code at the cash desk Expert predicts that consumers will use mobile coupons more often than ordinary paper coupons because the coupons will be stored in the mobile phones memory and therefore difficult to misplace or forget compared to their paper-based equivalents. Customers keep their mobile phone with them and therefore the coupon with them too. By sending mobile advertising coupons, advertisers have created the value to message instead of sending the message with general promotions, they make the message activate and create good feeling for customers. Mobile coupons is important with the development of location base service but even the if the product offered is good the advertiser still must care about spam and over sending message problems. In addition mobile coupon is a good way to building customer loyalty so advertisers can take advantage from a mobile advertising campaign using mobile coupons to add value to customer loyalty program (Haig, 2002). Mobile coupons have two categories: impulse coupons and preselected coupons. Impulse coupons are highly time sensitive coupons designed by advertisers to increase impulse purchases. Especially impulse coupons are sent to subscribers who have opted in but they dont know when they will receive them. Preselected coupons have been preselected by subscribers who have expressed an interest in some kind of products. It can be seen as part of a long-term loyalty program (ibid).

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2.3.4 Alerts Alerts fit well with mobile media because they are location or time sensitive. Advertisers can reach users at any time because mobile devices are carried along by people wherever they go. Even though text message alerts are practically Push based services, it can work well with other Pull based forms of mobile advertising. For instance, web portal and search Engine Company Lycos offer shopping alerts via SMS, being a push based service the SMS shopping alerts help as a price comparison tool. Brainstorm UK- based mobile marketing firm, is one company providing marketers SMS sales alert service, allowing advertisers to push details of promotion through SMS to interested endusers who sign up for the service either using a WAP form or Web, by sending a text message, more importantly Brainstorms service allow enduser's to specify the number of text messages to be delivered weekly and preferred time of delivery. Alert can also be used to deliver real time information such as sport results, stock quote and business news all for sale purposes though it should be permission-based. Alerts can also be used to with a chat based - service. 2.3.5 Sponsorships Sponsorships for an already established service is another way advertiser can use to reach mobile users. The sponsorship money can be used to add value to the service or reduce costs for customers. To be successful with sponsorship activities the advertiser should care about the service, it should be relevant to the company or brand and the service should target specifics users so that the company can know who subscribe to the service. Sponsorship for an established service will reduce risk and the headache of implementing a campaign. Example of Alert and Sponsorships in Quios, an online community offering services to mobile phone users worldwide, conducted a program delivering mobile message alerts to Euro 2000 fans. Quios sent SMS alerts delivered to fans mobile phones. These mobile alerts provided real-time notification each time a goal was scored as well as notification of the final score. The alerts were sponsored by Sega Dreamcast, Grolsch Beer and sports.com Research survey of the Euro 2000 Message Alert recipients indicates that users are enthusiastic about this type of targeted messaging. Highlights of the study results include strong sponsor recall and clickthrough rates, suggesting significant potential for building brand awareness. With strong brand-building capabilities and efficient message delivery, wireless advertising has the critical components to achieve widespread adoption among advertisers seeking a highly targeted, cutting-edge medium. The majority of respondents report viewing sponsors in a positive light, recalling having seen specific
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sponsor messages, telling their friends and family about the service, and many actually clicked through to sponsor Web sites as a result of the messages. 2.4 Summary of Literature Review and Conceptualization Frame of references is the main things to be studied, the key factors, constructs or variables and the presumed relationship between them. The purpose of a conceptualization is to explain either graphically or narrative, the main things that are going to be studied. Therefore, the frame of references and conceptualization will guide us when collecting the data and help us fulfill the purpose of gaining a better understanding how organizations use mobile advertising in B2C Marketing. After the literature about the study is has been reviewed, the theory is conceptualized in order explain the research question, factors, dimensions and major variables that will be investigated. 2.4.1 Factors Affecting Organizations Mobile Advertising Adoption In this part, the most important literature to answer first research question: How can the factors affecting organizations mobile advertising adoption be described? Will be presented. Okazaki (2005) suggestions concerning six key factors that influence companys decision to adopt mobile advertising will be use. All of the six factors will be applied to this research. Branding strategy Facilitating conditions Location-based services service costs Regulatory control Cultural barriers The reason for using this literature to the research is that it covers important elements which may be viewed as determinants of mobile advertising adoption by companies, the study is published in 2005 and has much relevance in current wireless advertising industry.

2.4.2 Mobile Advertising Campaigns In this part, the most important literature to answer second, how can organizations mobile advertising campaigns be characterized? We will be presented With regards to Mobil advertising campaigns, suggestions will be use, the reason for this is that advertising campaigns were categorized into Pull, Push and Dialogue making it
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broader than other types of mobile campaigns reviewed in some of the literatures reviewed. The types of the campaigns that will be applied to this research are. Mobile Push Campaigns Mobile Pull Campaigns Mobile Dialogue Campaigns 2.4.3 Mobile Advertising Forms In this part, the most important literature to answer third research questions, how can organizations mobile advertising forms be characterized? Will be presented. Haig (2000) suggestions of some forms of mobile advertising. The research will consider these suggested mobile advertising forms namely: Competition Location base service Alerts Sponsorship Mobile Coupons The reason for this literature is that it one of the first mobile marketing literatures which have discussed some of the mobile marketing issues in detail. The literature is published in 2002 it is relevant in todays mobile advertising industry.

2.4.4 Definition and Operationalisation of Study Areas/Variables The table presents the proposed research Areas/ Variables to be used in research questions, and operational and theoretical definitions.

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Definition and Operationalisation of Study Areas/Variables 2.4.5 The Emerged Frame of Reference

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In this section, we have conceptualized the frame of reference for this study after formulating our research problem and research questions. The frame of reference is presented with this will help us to answer our research questions and research problem.

Framework of Mobile Adverting

CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology

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A systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and finding relevant to a specific marketing situation or problem is an important aspect of any relevant study. The objective of this chapter is to describe the research procedure and methods that has been adopted for the successful completion of the project.

3.1 RESEARCH PURPOSE The primary objective of this research study is to gain an insight into the perception of mobile users, towards mobile advertising and their utility value in terms of impact on the purchase decision. Hence it was attempted to explore consumers responsiveness to mobile marketing, taking into cognizance the impact of demographic factors like age, gender, occupation, etc. 3.2 RESERCH DESIGN:- The research approach used survey method which is a widely used method for data collection and best suited for exploratory type of research survey includes research instrument like questionnaire which can be structured and unstructured..

3.3 RESEARCH STRATEGY A sample of size100 was chosen which comprised of both male and female respondents from the age groups of 18-30. Each of the individuals was provided with a common questionnaire which they were asked to fill and submit. Usually the responses were collected the next day. These responses were then analyzed to find out the trends and behaviours. Among the 100 questionnaires circulated, about 65 questionnaires were found complete in all respects. An attempt has been made to keep the sample fairly representative across the demographic variables by constructing quotas according to these factors e.g. age, gender, occupation, and level and purpose of mobile usage. Almost 80% of the respondents were students and 20% were in service. 59.7% were females and 40.3% were males. Almost 85% of the respondents rated their usage of mobile in the range of medium to high. 75% of the respondents used their mobiles primarily for personal communication.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION METHOD Primary data collected through Questionnaires Secondary data through journals, advertisements & websites.
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Keeping in mind the objectives of the study, the primary data has been collected from a sample of 100 respondents belonging to DELHI. 3.5 RESEARCH APPROACH Research approach is often either quantitative or qualitative. Both approaches have their strength and weaknesses and neither approach can be held better than the other. The best research method to use for a study depends on the studys research purpose and accompanying research questions. In a qualitative approach emphasis is given to description and discovery based on data in the form of words rather than numbers. In contrary the quantitative approach, is signified by that all variables are measured by statistical methods, since the information mostly is transformed into numerical data According to qualitative research is conducted through an intense and/or prolong contact with a field or a life situation these situations are typically banal or normal ones, reflective of the everyday life of individuals, groups, societies, and organizations. (Yin, 1994) pointed out that qualitative methods are normally related to case studies where the goal is to get thorough information and thereby obtain a deep understanding of the research problem. The type of problem under discussion is an important factor in determining the best approach use based on the discussion, research question and research problem the approach we want to use is qualitative in nature, and we regard qualitative approach to be the right procedure to help us gain a deeper understanding of how mobile advertising is implemented in B2C Marketing.

3.6 SCOPE OF STUDY:- The whole project is based on studying the Customer perception towards mobile advertisements and data has been taken within Delhi region.

Chapter-4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Data Analysis and Interpretation

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The data analysis and interpretation has been done accordingly question wise. So the data has been analyzed by using the Pie charts which are prepared with the help of excel for that case. Thus charts have shown the results obtained from the developed questionnaire. In the following pages there is an analysis of the findings of the survey that was conducted within the scope of this research work:

1. Which mobile connection you are using currently?

Airtel Vodafone Idea Reliance Aircel Tata Indicom Others

23% 19% 15% 21% 7% 10% 5%

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Interpretation:
According to the survey done through questionnaire , it was analysed that airtel is the most preferred brand. About 23% of the people are using Airtel currently. The next preferred brand is Reliance. About 21% are using it. 15% of the people use idea network, 7% use aircel, 10% use Tata Indicom and 5 % use other network.

2. Do you receive mobile ads on your cell phone?

Yes No

80% 20%

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Interpretation: According to the survey done through questionnaire, it was analysed that the 80% of the people receive mobile ads on their cell phones while 20% of the people do not receive any advertisements.

3. What form of mobile ads do you receive?

SMS MMS Mobile web browser Mobile web poster

35% 29% 15% 10%

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Mobile application advertising 8% Other 3%

Interpretation:
According to the survey it was analysed that people receive mobile advertisements mainly in the form of SMS. People receive 35% of mobile ads in the form of SMS, 29% in the form of MMS, 15% in the form of mobile web browser, 10% in the form of mobile web poster, 8% in the form of mobile application advertising and 3% in the form of other forms.

4. How often do you receive mobile ads?

0-2 times a day 2-5 times a day Above 5 times a day

46% 39% 15%

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Interpretation:
It shows that, in a day time 46% of the people receive 0-2 ads, while 39% of the people receive 2-5 advertisements and rest of the people receive more then 5 ads per day.

5. Mobile ads are informative?

Yes Cant Say No

24% 29% 47%

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Interpretation:
The above analysis of the survey shows that around 24% of the people agree that mobile ads are informative. They do provide some sort of useful information. While majority of the people (47%) disagree on it. And 29% of the people sometimes find it informative.

6. Mobile ads causes disturbance at work? Yes Cant Say No 52 30 18

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Interpretation:
The survey done through questionnaire shows that most of the people finds mobile ads very disturbing. They feel that mobile ads interrupt them in their work. Around 52% of the people find it disturbing. While 18% of the people disagree with this. And around 30% pf the people somewhat agree with the statement.

7. Mobile ads tend to intrude your my personal space?

Yes Cant say No

59% 32% 9%

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Interpretation:
According to the survey, large number of the people feel that mobile advertisements intrude in their personal space. They are quite uncomfortable with these unexpected ads in their mobile. While 9% of the people do not think in the same way. They are ok with the mobile ads. They do not think that these ads intrude in their personal space. While 32% of the people somewhat agree with this.

8. Can SMS ads specifically, convey the right message?

Yes Cant say No

10 65 25

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Interpretation:
The primary requisite for any advertisement to be successful is that the content of the advertisement should be clear and understandable. Large number of the respondents somewhat agree with the fact that SMS ads convey the right message. While 25% of the respondents disagree with this. And around 10% of the agree that mobile ads convey the right message.

9. Do you find it time consuming to go through ads?

Yes Cant say No

68 19 13

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Interpretation:
It was asked to the respondents whether they find mobile ads time consuming or not. Majority of the respondents find it time consuming. Around 68% of the respondents think that these ads consume their time. While 13% disagree with this. And 19% of the respondents somewhat agree that mobile ads are time consuming.

10. Are you able to recall the brand through Mobile Advertising?

High Medium Low

40 30 30

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Interpretation:
Coming to Brand recall factor, mobile advertising shows a positive response, with 40% of respondents claiming that they bear a high brand recall and almost 30% majority of them admitting the fact that the recall is quiet prominent. While 30% of the people somewhat agree with this.

11. Would you like to know about new offers and plans through mobile advertisements?

Yes No

79 21

50

Interpretation:
According to the survey 79% of the people are willing to know about the new offers and plans through mobile advertisements only. They think that this is the most convenient way to know about such information. While 21% do not like to get aware about new plans and offers through this medium.

CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS

The hypothesis is accepted i.e. effectiveness of mobile advertising plays an important role on consumers buying behaviour The mobile advertising market is having a huge potential of growth. The primary requisite for any advertisement to be successful is that the content of the advertisement should be clear and understandable.
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When it comes to the Indian scenario, the overall perception of mobile advertisement is not too much on the positive lines. The primary reason for this is obviously the fact that the concept is itself in a very nascent stage here and as a result the perception cannot be expected to be very positive. The mobile advertises use a bulk sending option, where in the particular information is sent in a bulk to the mobile numbers registered in their database. As a result, it so happens that most of the time the right noise does not reach the right ear. The crux of success lies in sending the right information to the right person and to do this, there is no alternate to proper market segmentation and targeting the right segment. The marketers must take into consideration the target audience for the content advertised and accordingly set their advertisement channel. The content of the advertisement should be short in size. The success of the same lies in how efficiently can marketers change the perception of the consumers.

CHAPTER-6 IMPLICATION OF STUDY

6.1 Implications for management Our findings and conclusions we arrived at in the previous section leads to number issue within our research area. Our findings might contribute to companies want to utilize the mobile medium to deliver advertising message in this fierce competitive
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and fragmented media landscape, but also companies which currently are deploying mobile technology in their overall marketing strategy. From our study, it was obvious that companies view mobile medium as effective means of creating brand awareness and brand recall, since the mobile advertising campaigns involve a lot of content development. Clearly, Facilitating conditions are seen to be the foundation for running mobile advertising campaigns this is because without the availability of telecommunication infrastructure and sophiscated mobile phones, running mobile advertising will be difficult task, therefore management should commit portion of their budgetary allocation into research and development of mobile application and technology.

When it comes to regulatory control and cultural barriers companies should not see these factors as obstacle to adopting mobile advertising, this is because the regulations ensures good practice in the mobile advertising industry and as we learn from the case companies cultural differences does not have negative impact on mobile advertising adoption. With regards to suitable campaigns, management needs to consider the pro and cons of Pull, Push and dialogue campaigns. The difficult task in organizing pull campaign is the ability to create advertisement that can appeal to target market and entice them to call in, text in order to participate in a campaign. In the case of push campaigns management need to verify the quality of existing database of customers or externally purchase database in order to ensure good response rate during a campaign. Companies should lay more emphasis on mobile dialogue campaigns because it allows for continues interaction between the end-user and the company which both pull and push campaigns can offer a little. In designing effective mobile advertising campaigns management there are four elements that management must take into consideration: Emotional, Interactivity, Entertaining and Incentive. The campaigns can be emotional if it contains voice and sound, the interactivity comes in when companies makes it possible for getting immediate feedback from end-user, the entertainment element of the campaigns is where the company make the campaign exciting by including game, and exiting stories. Management must provide incentives in the form of prizes, sample offerings, and if possible cash to drive high volume of campaign participation.

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 When it comes to combining mobile devices with traditional media in integrated advertising campaigns, management should use the mobile medium for interactivity and the traditional media like TV, radio, print for wider coverage. 6.2 Implications for theory The main purpose of this paper was to gain better understanding of mobile advertising in B2C Marketing past research have provided us with theory upon which we formed our research purpose and research questions. In this study we have explored and described a remarkable development within a specific research area. We investigated three research questions in order to reach our research purpose. In the case of research question one factors affecting mobile advertising adoption it was found out that most of the findings in the study support the existing theories. In research question two mobile advertising effectiveness we found slight differences on mobile dialogue campaigns and its effect on creating long term relationship. Regarding research question three forms of mobile advertising there was slight difference on location-based service and mobile coupons. In sum, this research contributes to existing theories on use of mobile advertising in B2C Marketing. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation upon which further studies may be conducted. 6.3 Implications for Future Research Mobile advertising is an important area within mobile commerce. In recent times there has been a lot prediction by research groups about the potential growth of mobile commerce (m-commerce) and mobile advertising, due to increasingly popularity of mobile applications using Global positioning System (GPS). Yet not much research has been done in this area. There are many interesting issues regarding mobile devices as an effective advertising tool. That could be further investigated. There are several opportunities for further empirical investigations in future research.

In future an effort should be made to explore how cultural factors affect perception about mobile advertising which can pave the way for internationalization of wireless advertising messages across the globe. Furthermore, in our findings we realized location-based service is rarely used as effective mobile advertising tool, hence there should be research on identification and choosing suitable target which the companies wish to attract and keep and what value added service should be offered to this target market. When it comes to privacy issues, Indian consumers do not take it lightly so there is the need to be investigated in future.
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 A future research should explore other determinants of mobile adverting adoption which was not measured in the current study. As a matter of fact, research opportunities stated above shows the ongoing research in this area is important. Wei et al., (2004) stated, in todays world full of knowledge industries, more people are inclined to depend on technologies that combine internet and mobile communication tools. In addition, consumers now have more choices before they make decision, this is because they can obtain information easily and quickly over wireless network. This in turn has led to intense competition between companies on how to win loyal customers (ibid).Only by integrating the mobile medium into overall marketing strategy will this highly interactive channel led to highly integrated advertising campaigns.

CHAPTER- 7 LIMITATIONS
Some of the limitations are mentioned as under: The research is carried on respondents as per the convenience thus the results may vary. During the study, on many occasions the respondent groups gave us a cold shoulder.
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Scope of the study being limited to Delhi, the finding of the study cannot be generalized for the universe on the whole. Most of the people are uneducated and does not aware about the product. Biases and non-cooperation of the respondents. In a rapidly changing industry, analysis on one day or in one segment can change very quickly. The environmental changes are vital to be considered in order to assimilate the findings

CHAPTER-8 REFERENCES
Arno Scharl , Astrid Dickinger & Jamie Murphy Diffusion and success factors of mobile marketing, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 4 (2005) 159173 Air2web Inc (2003),permission base mobile marketing best practices and success stories available at http://www.ari2web.com Barness, S. J (2002) Wireless digital advertising nature and implications, International Journal of Advertising VOL. 21:3, p. 399-420
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Bayne, Kim M (2002) Marketing without wires: targeting promotions and advertising to mobile device users New York: J. Wiley Hassim Mohamed Yunos, Jerry Gao, (2004) Wireless Advertising Department of Computer Engineering San Jose State University Matt Haig (2002) Mobile marketing: the message revolution, London Matti Leppniemi (2004) the success factors of mobile advertising value chain Stefan Figge and Gregor Schrott (2003) 3G ad Work - 3GS BREAKTHROUGH WITH MOBILE ADVERTISING available http://www.wiiw.de/publikationen/3GadWork3GSBreakthroughwit.pdf

ANNEXURE QUESTIONARE

Name: Age: Occupation: Service Provider: City:

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Male (

Female

1. Which mobile connection you are using currently? Airtel Vodafone Idea Reliance Aircel Tata Indicom Others ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) )

2. Do you receive mobile ads on your cell phone?

Yes No

( ) ( )

3. What form of mobile ads do you receive?

SMS MMS Mobile Web Banner Mobile Web Poster Mobile Application Advertising Other (

( ( ( ( ) (

) ) ) )

4. How often do you receive mobile ads?

58

0-2 times a day 3-5times a day Above 5 times a day

( ( (

) ) )

5. Mobile ads are informative?

Yes Cant say No

( ( (

) ) )

6. Mobile ads causes disturbance at work?

Yes Cant say No

( ( (

) ) )

7. Mobile ads tend to intrude in my personal space?

Yes Cant say No

( ( (

) ) )

8. Can SMS ads convey the right message?

Yes Cant say

( (

) )
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No

9. Do you find it time consuming to go through ads?

Yes Cant say No ( )

( (

) )

10. Are you able to recall the brand through Mobile Advertising?

High Medium Low

( ( (

) ) )

11. Do you wish to know about advertisements?

new offers and plans through mobile

Yes No

( (

) )

12. Please mention why you like and dislike mobile advertisements?

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61