STEADY STATE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL P REMOVAL

Explanation
This steady-state model for biological P removal comes from Biological Phosphorus Removal: Manual for design and operation. The steady-state bio-P model is represented in an Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is 'protected'. Wastewater and process data can be added to the spreadsheet. For some input data, instructions are given in an attached note. Biological Phosphorus Removal gives information on the use of the steady-state model. A calculation example using the bio-P model is given in Appendix IV of the manual. Biological Phosphorus Removal concludes that the bio-P model provides a sufficient basis for use as a tool to design anaerobic volume and/or calculate the P-ortho concentration attainable at municipal wastewater treatment plants. Although the steady-state bio-P model calculates the anaerobic volume and predicts the P-ortho concentration in the effluent, the model is especially valuable to gain a clear insight into wastewater characteristics and process parameters for anaerobic volume and P-ortho in the effluent. Parameters that can be estimated with the model include: - the effect of an increase in anaerobic contact time or a reduction in anaerobic contact time by making use of the fermentable fraction of influent (Sf fraction); - the effect of (an increase in) Sa fraction; - the effect of nitrate and oxygen supply via recirculation and/or return sludge.

Warning!
For the process temperature, up to around 16C is acceptable. Above this temperature, sludge production will be calculated underestimated, and the P removal will thus be estimated too low. For more information see section 6.1.2 of the manual. When the bio-P model is to be used for temperatures higher than 16C, special care should be taken when selecting the decay parameters and temperatue coefficients. Any modifications to the model should be carefully verified for practical conditions at these higher temperatures.

Restriction!
It should be underlined that all practical experiences are obtained under Dutch conditions. For worldwide use it is necessary to be aware of this. When the user of this spread sheet is taking into consideration the appropriate conditions, this spread sheet constitutes a proper instrument for design and troubleshooting of bio-P plants. Neither STOWA or IWA accept any legal responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this spreadsheet.

on see section 6.1.2 of

STEADY STATE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL P REMOVAL

BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL Manual for design and operation
Based on Scheer and Hulsbeek's bio-P model [31, 34, 35].

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

Total COD Biodegradable fraction Biodegradable COD of which the directly biodegradable fraction Directly biodegradable COD of which the VFA fraction VFA concentration Non-biodegradable fraction (soluble) Non-biodegradable COD (soluble) Non-biodegradable fraction (insoluble) Non-biodegradable COD (insoluble) Ammonium concntration Total nitrogen concentration Nitrate concentration Total phosphorus concentration Orthophosphate concentration

612 82 502 20 100 70 70 8 49 10 61 50 56 0.0 7.7 5.8

mg/l % mg/l % mg/l % mg/l % mg/l % mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

ASM 2D terminology Xs + Sa + Sf Sa + Sf Sa Si Xi Snh4 Sno3 Spo4

STEADY STATE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL P REMOVA

BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL Manual for design and operation

Based on Scheer and Hulsbeek's bio-P model [31, 34, 35].

KINETIC PARAMETERS
BIO-P BACTERIA Yield Decay rate Temperature coefficient by decay P content in the active DS fraction Inert fraction P content in the inert DS fraction Fermentation constant Half-release time of bio-P bacteria HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA Yield Decay rate Temperature coefficient by decay P content in the active DS fraction Inert fraction P content in the inert DS fraction Factor active biomass of DS AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA Yield Decay rate Temperature coefficient by decay P content in the active DS fraction Inert fraction P content in the inert DS fraction INERT RESIDUES Eliminated inert residues P content in the inert fraction 61.20 0.01 mg COD/l g P/ g COD 0.24 0.04 1.09 0.03 0.10 0.01 g cell-COD/g NH4 1/d g P/g cell-COD g P/g cell-COD 0.67 0.06 1.07 0.03 0.10 0.01 0.80 g cell-COD/g COD 1/d g P/g cell-COD g P/g cell-COD g cell/g DS 0.67 0.06 1.07 0.15 0.10 0.01 60.00 0.30 g cell-COD/g COD 1/d g P/g cell-COD g P/g cell-COD l/g TS.d h

GICAL P REMOVAL

STEADY STATE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL

SPHORUS REMOVAL and operation

2

BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHOR Manual for design and ope

Based on Scheer and Hulsbeek's bio-P model [31, 34, 35].

PROCESS PARAMETERS
Concentration dry matter in AT (biological) Wastewater flow Wastewater temperature Return sludge ratio (in relation to the wastewater flow) Percentage of return sludge to the anaerobic volume Percentage of the return sludge ratio to anoxic volume Nitrate concentration in return sludge O2 concentration in influent O2 concentration in return sludge Total volume Anaerobic volume Hydraulic retention time anaerobic volume Sludge age Volatile fatty acids after elimination of NO3 Fermentable substrate Heterotrophic active biomass in total system Number of compartments in anaerobic volume Effluent concentration of fermentable substrate in anaerobic volume Formed acids Substrate for the bio-P bacteria

FOR BIOLOGICAL P REMOVAL

STEADY STATE MODEL FOR B

OGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL ual for design and operation

Based on Scheer and Hulsbeek's bio-P model [31, 34, 35].

CALCULATION RESULTS
3.60 5,125 12.0 100 75 25 3.0 0.0 0.5 7,500 16.7 5.9 12.0 49.6 30.1 9,353 9 2 21 37 g/l m3/d C % % % mg NO3-N/l mg O2/l mg O2/l m3 % hour days mg COD/l mg COD/l kg cell DS mg COD/l mg COD/l mg COD/l ELIMINATION BY HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA Substrate for the heterotrophic bacteria Substrate for the heterotrophic bacteria Active heterotrophic bacteria Inert amount heterotrophic bacteria Elimination P load by active fraction Elimination P load by inert fraction Total heterotrophic elimination Decrease in P concentration by heterotrophs ELIMINATION BY AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA Substrate for nitrifiers Substrate for nitrifiers Amount of nitrifiers Inert amount of nitrifiers Elimination of P load by active fraction Elimination of P load by inert fraction Total autotrophic elimination Decrease in P concentration by autotrophs ELIMINATION BY INERT SLUDGE Elimination by inert sludge (non-biodegradable COD) SUMMARY Total P elimination of which by bio-P Effluent with bio-P Effluent without bio-P ELIMINATION BY BIO-P BACTERIA Substrate for bio-P bacteria Substrate for bio-P bacteria Maximum amount of bio-P bacteria Inert amount of bio-P bacteria Elimination P load by active fraction Elimination P load by inert fraction Total bio-P elimination Decrease in P concentration by bio-P bacteria (potential) Sa consumption Sa in effluent

ATE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL P REMOVAL

BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL Manual for design and operation
4

ek's bio-P model [31, 34, 35].

37 191 1,050 141 8.2 0.1 8.3 1.6 188 2

mg COD/l kg COD/d kg bacteria-COD kg bacteria-COD kg P/d kg P/d kg P/d mg P/l mg Sa/l mg Sa/l

ROPHIC BACTERIA 465 2,381 13,094 1,753 20.5 0.9 21.4 4.2 mg COD/l kg COD/d kg bacteria-COD kg bacteria-COD kg P/d kg P/d kg P/d mg P/l

PHIC BACTERIA 56.0 287 609 22 1.5 0.2 1.7 0.33 mg NH4/l kg NH4/d kg bacteria-COD kg bacteria-COD kg P/d kg P/d kg P/d mg P/l

n-biodegradable COD)

0.61

mg P/l

6.7 mg P/l 1.6 mg P/l 1.0 mg P/l 2.3 mg P/l