Question 2

(a) (i) Estimation method 1 : (Area)

Area of circular pavement = (300
2
- 100
2
) cm
2
= 800 cm
2

Area of a tile = 25 cm x 10 cm
= 250 cm
2

Number of tiles =

= 1005



2 m
1 m
Circular pavement
Plants
Estimation method 2 : (Concept of arithmetic progression)
Starting from the interior,
The number of tiles for the first layer =
)

The number of tiles for the second layer =
)

The number of tiles for the third layer =
)

This is an arithmetic progression with
)

+
)

+
)

+ ... +
)

Number of tiles =

+
25
) 290 ( 2
25
) 100 ( 2 t t

= 980

(ii) Method 2 is more accurate as compared with method 1. This is because method
2 takes into consideration the spaces between tiles whereas method 1 does not.
Method 1 is quick and simple and therefore easy to understand.

(iii) Method 1 is being used by most experienced mason with some medication as
this method is quick and simple and easy to understand. Due to their
experience, they deduct a certain number of tiles from the total number
required by the area calculation to compensate for the spaces between tiles, and
they are quite accurate.






(b) Octagonal pavement














(i) Method 1 : (Area)
Area of octagonal pavement = 8[

(300)(300) -

(100)(100) ]
= 8 x

(80000)
= 320000
Number of tiles =

= 905





Method 2 : (Concept of arithmetic progression)
















Referring to the diagram on the right,

This is an arithmetic progression with ,

Number of layers =

= 18.4776 18


=
=

| | + 5 . 22 tan 20 ) 1 18 ( ) 5 . 22 sin 200 ( 2

Number of tiles =

= 105.81 106
Total number of tiles for octagonal pavement = 8 x 106
= 848

There is quite a difference between method 1 and method 2. This is probably due
to the number of layers of tiles. Method 2 only considers 18 complete tiles which
does not cover the whole area of octagonal pavement whereas method 1
considers the whole area.

(ii) Comparing the circular design and the octagonal design, the octagonal design
will be easier to construct because of its straight line layers and management of
the few empty spaces between the tiles. To lay the tiles in circles will be quite a
task and there empty spaces to fill between every tile.







FURTHER EXPLORATION

(a) Two circular plots pavement
Refer to diagram beside.
Method 1 :
Z

Area of segment KLMN =

(300
2
)(1.171-)
= 11238.60 cm
2

Number of tiles required =

= 44.95
Number of tiles required for the pavement
= 2(1005-45)
= 1920










Method 2 :
To calculate the number of tiles required for the arcs passing through points K
1
, K
2
,
K
3
and K
4
.
(i) Arc passing through point K
1

Arc length = 290(

x 2

)
= 308.25 cm
Number of tiles required = 12.33
(ii) Arc passing through point K
2

Arc length = 280(

x 2

)
= 261.60 cm
Number of tiles required = 10.46
(iii) Arc passing through point K
3

Arc length = 270(

x 2

)
= 209.15 cm
Number of tiles required = 8.366
(iv) Arc passing through point K
4

Arc length = 260(

x 2

)
= 144.69 cm
Number of tiles required = 5.788
(v) Total number of tiles required for the pavement
= 2S
20
2(12.33+10.46+8.366+5.788)
= 2 x

+
25
) 290 ( 2
25
) 100 ( 2 t t
- 73.89
= 1886



(b) Refer to diagram beside.
Area of triangle EFG = 2 x

x HF x EH
= 50 x 50

Total area of pavement
= 2 x 8 x

(80000) - 2 x 2500
= 440477.27 cm
2

Number of tiles required = 1761.91


(c) I will choose the overlapping double octagonal design as shown in Diagram 3. The
alternative design that I will suggest is an overlapping double rhombus design.
This is because the number of tiles used is lesser and it makes a better landscape.

(d) It is not practical to use aluminium tins and sand to lay the pavement. Brick is very
heavy as compared to aluminium but it costs cheaper than other materials and
gives good cold and heat insulation. It is also waterproof and fireproof. However,
aluminium is not suitable to be used in pavement because there is a sharp edge on
the aluminium tin which can even cause injuries to the people who step on it.