Suffixes

Suffixes are used very widely in the Turkish language and are often added on to words where in the equivalent English language they would be a seperate word. In most suffixes the rules of vowel harmony apply and therefore the vowels in it might have to change (e.g '-ler/lar' - choose '-ler' if the last vowel in the base words is either 'e/i//' and '-lar' of the last vowel is either 'a//u/o'. If the suffix contains a (y) or (n), it is only used if the last letter is a vowel. If the suffix contains a (i), it is only used if the last letter is a consonant. Here are some of the most common suffixes; '-ler/lar' = 's' (kediler = cats) '-de/da' = 'in/at/on' (evde = in the house, evlerde = to the houses) '-den/dan' = 'from' (evden = from the house) '-(y)e/a' = 'to' (eve = to the house) '-siz/sz/suz/sz' = 'without...' (stsz = without milk) '-li/l/lu/l)' = 'with/containing...' (ekerli = with sugar) '-le/la' = 'with...' (annemle = with my mum) '-(n)in/n/un/n' = 's/of (annemin evi = my mums house) '-(i//u/)m' = 'my' (kedim = my cat) '-(i//u/)yorum' = 'i am....ing' (gidiyorum = i am going) '-(i//u/)yordum' = 'i was....ing' (gidiyordum = i was going) '-(y)im/m/um/m' = 'i am..' (mutluyum = i am happy) '-(y)dim/dm/dum/dm' = 'i was...' (i was happy = mutluydum) '-(y)eceim/acam' = 'i will...' (i will go = gideceim) '-meyeceim/mayacam' = 'i will not...' (i will not go = gitmeyeceim) '-mem' = 'i don't' (i don't go = gitmem) '-emem' = 'i can't' (i can't go = gidemem) '-(y)ebilirim = 'i can' (i can go = gidebilirim) '-miim/m m/muum/mm' = 'apparently i..' (apparently i went = gitmiim) '-(y)elim = let's...' (let's go = gidelim) '-sem' = 'if i...' (if i go = gitsem)
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'-den/dan beri' = 'since' (iten beri = since work) '-dikten sonra' = 'after...ing' (geldikten sonra = after coming) '-den/dan sonra' = 'after' (iten sonra = after work) '-den/dan nce' = 'before' (iten nce = before work) '-meden/madan' = 'without' (gelmeden = without coming) '-(y)erek/arak' = 'by...ing' (yryerek = by walking) '-ince/nc/uncu/nc' = 'on...ing' (gidince = on going) '-ken' = 'whilst...ing' '-meyi/may' = 'to....' (yzmeyi seviyorum = i love to swim) '-meye/maya' = 'to....' (yazmaya baladm = i started to write) '-(y)e/a ihtiya var' = i need... '-meli/mal' = must (gelmeliyim = i must go) '-en/an' = 'the one who/...who...' (giden = the one who goes) '-dii' = '....which...' (sevdii adam = the man which she loves)

Other suffixes
'-dii gibi' = just as/like '-dii halde' = although '-dii iin' = due to/because '-dii kadar' = as far as '-dii zaman' = when '-diinde' = when '-diinden baka' = apart from '-(y)e/a gre' = according to '-mektense/maktansa' = 'rather than' '-in '-in -'in '-in altnda' = under nnda' = in front of arkasnda' = behind yaninda' = beside