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Physics Data Booklet
Physics Data Booklet
Physics
For use in National Qualification Courses leading to the 2008 examinations and beyond
Published date: February 2008 Publication code: BB2099 ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2
Published by the Scottish Qualifications Authority The Optima Building, 58 Robertson Street, Glasgow G2 8DQ Ironmills Road, Dalkeith, Midlothian EH22 1LE www.sqa.org.uk
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Contents
Introduction 1 Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1 2 Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 23 Relationships for Higher 4 Relationships for Advanced Higher 6 Additional relationships 8 Electron arrangements of elements 9
Introduction
This data booklet is intended for use by candidates in examinations in Physics at Standard Grade, Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Higher and Advanced Higher Levels from the 2008 examination diet. It is recommended that candidates become familiar with the contents of the data booklet through use in undertaking Units of these Courses, including Physics Units at Access 3. The range of data contained in the booklet has been limited to that syllabus content which may be assessed through written examination papers. This data should be supplemented by other resource material as necessary during the course, eg by using data sheets. However, should any additional information (or data not included in this booklet) be required in an examination, such information will be included in the examination paper. Additional relationships, which candidates may find useful, are contained on page 8. A periodic table of elements is included on page 9. From the variety of data offered in this booklet, candidates will be expected to demonstrate the ability to select an appropriate: o formula o relationship o element or data pertaining to an element
voltage gain =
distance time
power voltage
W = mg
F = ma p = mv
E k = mv P= E t
1 2
E p = mgh
E w = Fd
V = IR
Q = It
E h = ml
E h = cm T
vu t
V2 =
V1 R1 = V2 R2
P = IV P=
P = I 2R
useful Po !100 Pi
useful Eo !100 Ei
V gain =
Ip ns V s = = np V p Is
V2 R
Pgain = v = f 1 f
Vo Vi
Po Pi
P=
A=
D=
H = Dw R
E m
N t
a=
v = u + at
v t
s = ut+ 1 at 2 2 s=
V = IR
R1 R 3 = R2 R4
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
F = ma
(u +v)t
P = IV = I 2 R =
V2 R
E k = 1 mv 2 2 E P= t p = mv
E p = mgh
E w = Fd
m t= V P= F A
Ft = mv mu
V o = (V 2 V 1 )
T= 1 f
Rf Vo = V1 R1
E = 1 QV = 1 CV 2 = 2 2
1 2
Q2 C
Rf
R1
v = f
P = tgh
path difference = n
W = QV
E=
PV = constant T
E = V + Ir
n=
path difference = (n + 1 ) 2
RT = R1 + R2 + ... 1 1 1 = + + ... RT R1 R2
IR
sin 1 1 v1 = = sin 2 2 v2 k d2 1 n
sinc = I=
W 2 W1 = hf
E = mc2
A=
D=
N t
E m
random uncertainty =
v = u + at
s = ut + 1 at 2 2 m= mo
v 2 = u 2 + 2as v2 c2
V =
v=
1 E = mc 2
d d 2 = = 2 dt dt = o t + 1 t 2 2 s = r = o + t
d = dt
= 2f
2Gm r
v = +
y = A cost or y = A sint
d2y = 2 y 2 dt
Ek = 1 m 2^A 2 y 2h 2 E p = 1 m 2 y 2 2 h p
]A
y 2g
2 = o 2 + 2 v = r
v2 ar = = r 2 r
at = r
mvr = F= E=
T = Fr T = I
mv 2 F= = mr 2 r
V=
Q 4for 2 Q 4for
Q1Q2 4for 2
nh 2
L = mvr = mr 2 6
F = QE
2x
f = fs
v + vo v
f = fs
m= c=
c1 c2 2 (n 2)
m1 m2 2 (n 2)
v v + vs
X=
Y 2 + Z2
E = 1 LI 2 2
n = tani p X = X
x y = A sin 2 ft
f = L
F = qvB
d=
4n
x=
D d
Y Y
Z Z
Additional Relationships
Circle
circumference = 2r area = r 2
Sphere
cos ax
a sin ax
area = 4r 2
4 volume = 3 r 3
sin ax cos ax
adjacent hypotenuse
1 sin ax + C a
1 cos ax + C a
sin 2 + cos 2 =1 Moment of inertia point mass I = mr 2 rod about centre 1 I = 12 ml 2 rod about end I = 1 ml 2 3 disc about centre I = 1 mr 2 2 sphere about centre I = 2 mr 2 5 8
Group Group
H B
2, 4 Carbon 5 (14)
(1)
1 3 He
Helium 2 10 (18) 2
2 4 6 7 0
Lithium
Li C
15 17 2, 8, 6 Sulphur 2, 8, 5 Phosphorus
2, 1 13 2, 8, 4 Silicon 14
3 6
Sodium
2, 8, 1
Na
11
Beryllium
Be N F O
(2) 7 8 9
2, 2
2, 8, 8, 1 2, 8, 13, 1 Chromium
K Cr Zn
2, 8, 18, 3 Gallium
19
Magnesium (6) 24
2, 8, 2
Mg
12
2, 8 Neon
Ne
Transition Elements
Mn Ge Sn Tl
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 Mercury 81 50 2, 8, 14, 2 Iron (7) 25
2, 8, 8, 2
Ca Fe
2, 8, 15, 2 Cobalt
20
Sc Co
2, 8, 16, 2 Nickel
21
Ti Mo
42 2, 8, 13, 2 Manganese
(4)
22
V Tc In
43
(5)
23
Ni
2, 8, 18, 1 Copper
(10)
28
Cu Ga
2, 8, 18, 4 Germanium 2, 8, 18, 2 Zinc
(11) 30 31 32
29
(12)
2, 8, 3 Aluminium
Al Si P As
33
Se
2, 8, 18, 5 Arsenic
34
2, 8, 7 Chlorine
Cl
Br Sb
51 2, 8, 18, 6 Selenium
35
2, 8, 8 Argon
Ar
18
Kr Te
52 2, 8, 18, 7 Bromine 53
36
9
Ru
44
Potassium
2, 8, 18, 8, 1
Rubidium
Rb Rh Pd Ag Cd W
74
37 45 49 47
Calcium 46 48
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 Caesium 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 Tungsten 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 Seaborgium 59 60 61 62 63
Cs Sg
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 Bohrium 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 Hassium 106 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 Rhenium
55
Strontium
Sr Re
75
38
2, 8, 9, 2 Scandium
Fr Hs
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 Meitnerium 64 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 Europium 94 93 95
87
Ba Bh
107 108 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 Osmium 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 Iridium
56
2, 8, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 0 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 Palladium Cadmium Yttrium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Silver Zirconium
39
2, 8, 10, 2 Titanium
Zr
40
2, 8, 11, 2 Vanadium
Nb
41
Ra
88
La
57
2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 18, 9, 2 32, 11, 2 Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium
Ac
89
Hf
72
Rf
104
Ta
73
Os
76
Ir
77
Db
105
Mt
109
Pt
78
Au
79
Hg
80
2, 8, 18, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 Xenon Tin Tellurium Antimony Indium Iodine 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 Thallium 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 Lead
2, 8, 18, 8 Krypton
Xe
54
Pb
82
Bi
83
Po
84
At
85
Rn
86
57
58
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Lanthanides
91 92
La
89
2, 8, 18, 20, 2, 8, 18, 21, 2, 8, 18, 22, 2, 8, 18, 23, 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 8, 2 8, 2 8, 2 8, 2 Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Cerium
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
90
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Actinides
Ac U
2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 21, 9, 2 18,10, 2 Thorium Protactinium Uranium
Th
Pa
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 32, 9, 2 30, 8, 2 32, 8, 2 Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Fm
Md
No
Lr