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    What Is Pro-Social Behaviour?

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    Ashwati Nambiar
    Pro-social behavior is any helping behavior that benefits another person, such as altruism which is helping without thought of reward. Psychologists use different terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behavior. Factors that affect pro-social behavior include social norms, socialization, empathy development, and reciprocity. Bystander intervention models propose that people are more likely to help in emergencies if they recognize it as an emergency, accept responsibility, and know how to help. Studies on bystander intervention have found people are less likely to help in groups than alone and more likely to help those of their own race or who appear seriously injured.

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    What Is Pro-Social Behaviour?

    Uploaded by

    Ashwati Nambiar
    94 views13 pages
    Pro-social behavior is any helping behavior that benefits another person, such as altruism which is helping without thought of reward. Psychologists use different terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behavior. Factors that affect pro-social behavior include social norms, socialization, empathy development, and reciprocity. Bystander intervention models propose that people are more likely to help in emergencies if they recognize it as an emergency, accept responsibility, and know how to help. Studies on bystander intervention have found people are less likely to help in groups than alone and more likely to help those of their own race or who appear seriously injured.

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    Pro-social behavior is any helping behavior that benefits another person, such as altruism which is helping without thought of reward. Psychologists use different terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behavior. Factors that affect pro-social behavior include social norms, socialization, empathy development, and reciprocity. Bystander intervention models propose that people are more likely to help in emergencies if they recognize it as an emergency, accept responsibility, and know how to help. Studies on bystander intervention have found people are less likely to help in groups than alone and more likely to help those of their own race or who appear seriously injured.

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    94 views13 pages

    What Is Pro-Social Behaviour?

    Uploaded by

    Ashwati Nambiar
    Pro-social behavior is any helping behavior that benefits another person, such as altruism which is helping without thought of reward. Psychologists use different terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behavior. Factors that affect pro-social behavior include social norms, socialization, empathy development, and reciprocity. Bystander intervention models propose that people are more likely to help in emergencies if they recognize it as an emergency, accept responsibility, and know how to help. Studies on bystander intervention have found people are less likely to help in groups than alone and more likely to help those of their own race or who appear seriously injured.

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    What is Pro-Social behaviour?

    Any helping behaviour such as:


    Altruism: Helping without thought of cost or reward to yourself.
    Pro-social describes a behaviour that benefits another person. It is also called helping behaviour. As people may behave pro-socially for different reasons, social psychologists have specific terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behaviour

    Explanations of why we help?


    Empathy Stage 1 Global Empathy- Babies and crying. Stage 2 Egocentric Empathy-Comfort another
    child.

    Stage 3 Empathy for another's feelingsTry to mend a broken toy, act appropriately.

    Stage 4 Empathy for another's general plight.- War or poverty, have an understanding of these
    issues.

    Factors that affect pro social behaviour. These factors are mediated by cognitive dev, and learning by imitation.

    Social norms.Social responsibility


    Equality

    Socialisation Reward stage


    Internalisation stage

    Reciprocity.

    Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour


    A. Individual DecisionMaking Self-focused:

    Cost-Benefit Responsibility Ability

    Notice & Interpret

    Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour


    A. Individual DecisionMaking Other focused:

    Their Need Responsibility Similarity

    Notice & Interpret

    Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour


    A. Individual DecisionMaking Other focused: Self focused:

    Their Need Cost-Benefit Responsibility Responsibility Similarity Ability

    Notice & Interpret

    Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour

    Feel Empathize: psychologically connected

    Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour

    Self-focused:

    (-)Distress (-)Anger (+)Shame/Guilt

    Other-focused: (+)Sympathy (-)Anger

    Feelings of empathy

    Bystander intervention
    Do I help Is this an emergency Do I accept responsibility How can I help? What should I do?
    (Yes)

    (Yes) (Yes)

    If at any point the bystander cannot answer yes he walks away from the situation.

    Latane & Darley (1968)


    Procedure:Participants sat in a room completing a
    questionnaire. In one condition the participant was alone, in the other there were 3 participants. Steam which looked like smoke stared to pour into the air vent, this continued for 6 minutes.

    Findings: participants failed to report smoke even

    Conclusion:

    though they were bothered.

    Only defined as emergency if majority of bystanders agree, in another study they found that if an individual thought they were the only ones to see emergency 85% helped this dropped to 35% if they were in a group.

    Irving Piliavin (1969)


    Devised experiments where different factors were changed I.e. race, gender, drunk, apparently hurt etc. Method: Field experiment. Sample: Opportunity. Procedure: The victim collapsed in a New York subway between 11am & 3pm. Two observers noted information such as characteristics of participants.
    Results.Cane victim helped immediately Drunk victim helped by someone of own race. As soon as one person helped everyone moved. Conclusions: Little evidence of Pluralistic ignorance. More help for cane than drunk victim, could be explained with equity.

    Factors affecting Bystander intervention.


    Bystander aware he is only one there witnessing emergency. Number of other bystanders How close bystander is to victim (proximity)

    Sample questions.
    What do psychologists mean by the term altruism's (2 marks) Identify two factors factors affecting bystander apathy. (2marks) Describe and evaluate one study in which bystander intervention was investigated (8marks)
    (Think!!!- Method, reliability, real life!!!)

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