Introduction to weaving Preparation

Mohammad Hosain Reza. (Reference Book: WEAVING: Conversion of Yarn To Fabric. By: P.R.Lord and M.H. Mohamed)

Introduction
Woven fabrics generally consist of two sets of yarns that are interlaced and lie at right angles to each other. The yarns that run along the length of the fabric are known as warp (ends). The yarns that run from selvedge to selvedge, that is from one side to the other side of fabric, are weft (picks)

How Fabrics Are Woven?

The essential operations in the weaving of a cloth are: Shedding: the separation of the warp threads into two (or more) sheets according to a pattern to allow for weft insertion. Picking: Weft insertion in the shed from one side to other. Beating-up: Forcing the last inserted pick up to the fell of the cloth.

Faults in Yarn from Spinning mills.

Spinning mills deliver yarn to weaving mills in packages of different build and size. Sometimes in hanks. It contains thick and thin places. Yarn is hairy. Yarn is not strong enough to be used as warp. Yarn is not smooth.

Flow sheet of Weaving

Yarn from Spinning Mill Warp Yarn Weft Yarn Winding Winding Warping Sizing Drawing-in/ Tying-in Weaving

Winding
Main purposes of warp winding is to transfer yarn from the spinners package to another suitable for use in the creel of a warping machine. Warping requires as much yarn as possible on each package. Second main purpose of warp winding is to make it possible to inspect the yarn and to remove any thick or thin places, slubs, neps or loose fibers.

Warping
The purpose of warping is to arrange a convenient number of warp yarns so that they can be collected on a single warpers beam. There are two main types of warping: (a) Beam warping (b) Section Warping

Sizing
It is necessary to size the warp yarn for several reasons: (a) To strengthen the yarn by causing the fibers to adhere together. (b) To make the outer surface of the yarn smoother so that hairs protruding from one yarn in the warp should not entangle with hairs protruding from a neighboring yarn. (c) To lubricate the yarns so that there is less friction when they rub together in the weaving process. Lubrication also reduces the friction between the yarns and the loom parts. The reduction of friction reduces the forces acting on the yarns during weaving.

Drawing-in
After sizing all threads required for the warp are brought together on the weavers beam. Drawing-in is the consecutive passing of warp ends through droppers, healds and reed. Tying-in is joining by knots the ends of the used warp with the ends of new warp.