Professional Documents
Culture Documents
612 Week 4 For D2L
612 Week 4 For D2L
Cultural Influences (contd) Political, Economic and Regional Influences (text) Industry Influences Legal and Regulatory Influences
Readings?
Next class?
Culture
the intellectual and social heritage of a specific society an accepted way of life of a group of people
learned and passed on from generation to generation represents a societys shared meanings and traditions reflected in values, attitudes, etc. provides people with a sense of identity
impacts what we consume, how we dispose of it, and all our decisions
around consumption/disposition
Church
School
Family
countries
Created maps of pairs of dimensions
cultural values when attempting to understand another culture. This is called self-reference criterion.
Use the information provided from Hofstede (1991), create a table that
compares your own cultural values with those of the country youve been allocated. Include a general assessment of the extent to which your allocated country is higher or lower context.
Discuss the implications of these comparisons for the set-up and
merchandising of a retail store of your choice (in that country). Also explain the implications for store personnel.
Individualism-Collectivism
Individualism
High value on autonomy Individual achievement Privacy
Collectivism
High value on group
Family, clan, organization
Loyalty
Devotion Conformity
Masculinity-Femininity
Masculinity
Achievement Success Assertive acquisition of
Femininity
Relationships Equality of genders Caring for disadvantaged Harmony
money/power
Power Distance
High Power Distance
Accept position
Low-Power Distance
Avoid concentration of
Follow authority
Concentrated & centralized
authority
Decentralized Fewer layers of
authority
Hierarchical
management
Uncertainty Avoidance
Low Uncertainty Avoidance Embrace unpredictable Less adherence to rules, procedures, or hierarchies Risk taking desirable
High Uncertainty Avoidance Threatened by ambiguity Need stable & predictable workplace Reliance on rules
Time Orientation
Long-term Perseverance Fulfilling social obligations Thrift Concern for proper ways of doing things Short-term Pursuit of stability Pursuit of happiness
Alternative Dimensions
(Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1995)
Focus on values and relationships Survey of 15,000 managers Over 10-year period From 28 countries Bipolar cultural dimensions, examples include
Neutral
culture in which emotions are held in
people try not to show
VS.
Emotional
culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally
people smile a great deal,
talk loudly when excited and greet each other with enthusiasm
Specific
individuals have a large public space shared with others and a small private space they guard
VS.
Diffuse
public and private space are similar in size, individuals guard public space carefully because it is shared with private space
people often appear to be
closely and share only with close friends and associates people are more open and extroverted, and there is a strong separation of work and private life
indirect and introverted, and work and private life often are closely linked
Time
Sequential approach People do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly, prefer to follow plans as laid out
Synchronous approach
People tend to multi-task, view appointments as approximate, schedules are
Beyond Values?
Influences on Marketing?
Knowledge
Etic
expectations, and habitualized actions to which organizations must conform to receive legitimacy (Scott and Meyer 1983).
Discussion Question
A useful resource for international marketers is the Global
when establishing a business relationship with a potential distributor in your allocated country? Why? Explain.
criminal)
Islamic Law
Encompasses religious duties and obligations and the secular aspect of the law
Islamic law
Koran is the basis for Shariah (Islamic law) It encompasses:
religious duties and obligations patterns of social and economic behavior for all individuals property rights, economic decision making and types of economic freedom
The overriding objective of the Islamic system is social justice Advocates risk sharing Prohibits the payment of interest Prohibits investment in activities that violate the Shariah, e.g., the
Marxist-socialist tenets
Govern Eastern European countries commercial legal system
Czech and Poland revised and re-instituted preWorld War II commercial legal
codes
USSR and China need an entire commercial legal system with respect to
Tourism Australia
Please read the pdf file labeled Tourism Australia on D2L.
Price
Communications
many countries do not recognize trademarks and patents registered in other countries.
McDonald had to buy its trademark back in Japan
are McDonalds restaurants, Microsoft software, and Safeway groceries all legally belonging to a Jordanian
Japan
Operates under the first to
invent rule Protects individual inventors Patents Applications secret Granted in up to 24 mos. Valid for 17 years after approval
register policy Promotes technology sharing Patents Applications public Granted in 4-6 years Valid for 20 years from time of application
Cyber-law
Existing internet law does not completely cover the protection of domain
names, taxes, jurisdiction in cross-border transactions and contractual issues clearly addressed by current law
Countries are drafting legislation to address the myriad legal questions not Examples of unresolved issues
Cyber squatters register descriptive nouns, geographic names, ethnic groups,
pharmaceutical substances and other similar descriptors and hold them until they are sold at an inflated price they should be collected, and by whom
The collection of taxes on sale of products, i.e., when taxes should be collected, where