MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMS IN ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY: NAME : KRANTI KUMAR PARIDA REGD. NO. : 0901209266 BRANCH: Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. SECTION : B

INTRODUCTION
To

completely change the appearance or character of sth, especially so that it is better. In mathematics, a function obtained when multiplied by a so called kernel function and the product is integrated between suitable limits. T{f(x)}=xK(x,x )f(x )dx
Can

be thought of as a substitution

WHY TRANSFORM?
Converts

a function from Time domain to Frequency Domain. in terms of understanding

Complicated Simplifies Often

the calculation

easier to work in the frequency domain

VARIOUS TYPES OF TRANSFORMS

Fourier

Series Fourier Transform Laplace Transform Z-Transform

FOURIER SERIES
Applicable

to Periodic Functions Only Infinite Series of sine and Cosine

Why

fourier series? Whether applicable to all periodic functions? Concept of eigen value and eigen function Can be regarded as the one of the basic transform

 No.

of Terms?

Gibbs

Phenomena Fourier Coefficients are discrete and aperiodic.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
By

1807,french Mathematician Fourier found out series of harmonically related sinusoids useful in representing temp. distribution of a body. Claimed applicable to all periodic functions Informal due to lack of precise notation of functions and integrals in the early 19th century. In 1829,P.L. Drichlet provided the required conditions. Fourier also extended it to aperiodic functions

FOURIER TRANSFORM FROM FOURIER SERIES

Coefficient Density of Fourier Series is calculated Condition for convergence remains the same

Continuous and aperiodic

LAPLACE TRANSFORM FROM FOURIER TRANSFORM

Somewhat

similar to Fourier Transform Need of Laplace Transform

Concept

of ROC

Z-TRANSFORM FROM LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Sampling
Discrete

converts continuous time signal to discrete time signal

Time equivalent of Laplace Transform.

S-plane

mapped to Z-plane. Concept of ROC

DISCRETE TIME FOURIER SERIES AND TRANSFORM

DTFS- Infinite Series converts to finite one.

Discrete and Periodic DTFT

Continuous and Periodic

DFT & FFT

Concept of Sampling in the Frequency Domain Getting the time domain signal back from the frequency domain. Only possible for the discrete signals FFT- Algorithm used to calculate DFT at a faster rate Discovered independently by Cooley and Turkey in 1965. Use of FFT made many interesting and previously impractical ideas possible.

APPLICATIONS
Communication Astronomy Geology Signal

analysis Sound filtering Data compression Solving of differential equations

BIBLOGRAPHY
Signal

& Systems by A.V. Oppenhem http://ocw.mit.edu wikipedia

THANK YOU

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