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C911
C911
By: Presented
Ajeet
8/6/12
NOMENCLATURE GENERATION
The
OF
nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, nonbackwards compatible transmission technology, and new frequency bands. ten years since the first move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992. support,spread spectrumtransmission and at least 200kbit/s, in 2011 expected to be 8/6/12 followed by 4G.
Introduction To 3G
International
Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.
3G system must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services, and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s according to the IMT-2000 specification. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 8/6/12
FEATURES
1. 1. DATA
RATES:.It
is
CONTINUE.
2. SECURITY:v 3G
networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 8/6/12
APPLICATIONs
Mobile
TV a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched. on demand a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone. conferencing subscribers can see as well as talk to each other. a medical
Video
Video
Tele-medicine 8/6/12
history
The first pre-commercial 3G
network was best launched byNTT DoCoMoin Japan brandedFOMA in May 2001. commercially live was bySK Telecomin South Korea on the1xEV-DOtechnology in January 2002. May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network 8/6/12 was byKTon EV-DO and
By
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Later,MTNLlaunched
3G
USERS OF 3G
By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber
Japan and South Korea 3G penetration is over 70%. June 2007 worldwide.
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and
15.8%
of
all
subscribers
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UMTS
UMTS
mobile
is the latest commercially available technology that mobile phones,PDAs, and smart phonesare using today. UMTS is mainly based onCDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) scheme and now combines it with TDMA. However, UMTS is still new as there are only a 8/6/12 few areas and networks that support the
UnlikeGSM,
Continue..
There are also problems regarding the
compatibility between UMTS and GSM, which frequently led to connections being dropped. But this is being remedied by UMTS/GSM dual-mode devices. With that feature, UMTS phones that go out of UMTSnetworkboundaries will be transferred to GSM coverage.
GSM.
GSM is 2G and 2.5G while UMTS is already 3G. GSM is a rather old technology while UMTS is
newer.
Local Area Network, also known as WLAN or Wi-Fi, is the alternative to cabledLAN. move from one location to another without thinking about the wires. with the rise of laptop computers and low cost netbooks that made mobile 8/6/12 computing within reach for most
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WiMax
equipment provides services that are in between high speed, low range WLAN and low speed, high range3Gand 2G technologies. its superior ability to pass through obstructions makes it ideal for certain applications as a last mile connectivity 8/6/12 replacement to cables for DSL
CONTINUE..
Wi-Fi uses one that is contention based. This
means that all clients who use the same access point are competing for bandwidth with the closest user getting the highest priority. The time span allocated to each client can be reduced or expanded depending on the needs of the client but it cannot be used by other clients as long as he remain connected.
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originally it is known as Group Special It is mobile telephony system that sets the
mobile
ADVANTAGE OF GSM
By the help of GSM we can make and receive
a phone call.
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Statistically, more than 80 percent of all
their mobile phones when traveling to other countries because GSM network operators have expansive roaming agreements with foreign operators.
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GSM+GPRS=2G
GPRS
stands Service.
for
General
Packet
Radio
packet oriented.
messages i.e for forwarding and receiving images, ringtones, small video clips etc.
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GSM+GPRS+EDGE=2.5G
EDGE stands for Enhanced Data Rates for
GSM Evolution.
GPRS or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution or IMT Single Carrier makes superior data transmission rates possible.
3G
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3G+HSDPA/HSUPA=3.5G
HSDPA
for
High
Speed
Downlink
CONTINUE..
the
downlink
of
the
data
BEYOND 3G..
4G means 4th generation. This
is a set of standard that is being developed as a future successor of 3G in the very near future. biggest between the two existence of technologies.
The
There
are a bunch of technologies that fall under 3G, including WCDMA, EV-DO, 8/6/12 and HSPA among others.
CONTINUE
4G
to
Current 3G speeds are topped out at 14Mbps downlink and 5.8Mbps uplink. technology, speeds of up to 100Mbps must be reached for a moving user and 1Gbps for a stationary user. 8/6/12
To be able to qualify as a 4G
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Another key change in 4G is the abandonment
of circuit switching.
3G technologies use a hybrid of circuit switching and packet switching. that hasbeenused in telephone systems for a very long time.
CONTINUE.
With packet switching, resources are only
mobile phone company to squeeze more conversations into the same bandwidth.
4G technologies would no longer utilize circuit
switching calls.
even
forvoicecalls
and
video
COMPONENTS OF 4G
Access schemes: As the wireless standards evolved, the access
techniques used also exhibited increase in efficiency, capacity and scalability. The first generation wireless standards used plainTDMA andFDMA. less efficient in handling the high data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact.
8/6/12 for guard to avoid inter carrier interference.
CONTINUE..
These are based on efficientFFTalgorithms
and frequency domain equalization, resulting in a lower number of multiplications per second. They also make it possible to control the bandwidth and form the spectrum in a flexible way. However, they require advanced dynamic channel allocation and traffic adaptive scheduling. mentioned access techniques is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage 8/6/12 especially in theMIMO environments since
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IPv6 support Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel
infrastructures consisting ofcircuit switchedandpacket switched network nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switchingonly. This will requirelowlatencydata transmission.
ofIPv4 address exhaustionis expected to be in its final stages. Therefore, in the context of 4G,IPv6support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled 8/6/12
CONTINUE..
Advanced antenna systems The performance of radio communications
depends on an antenna system, termedsmart orintelligent antenna. emerging to achieve the goal of 4G systems such as high rate, high reliability, and long range communications. In the early 1990s, to cater for the growing data rate needs of data communication, many transmission schemes were proposed.
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Independent streams can then be transmitted
simultaneously from all the antennas. This technology, calledMIMO(as a branch ofintelligent antenna), multiplies the base data rate by (the smaller of) the number of transmit antennas or the number of receive antennas. high speed data in the fading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is calledtransmitorreceive diversity.
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CONTINUE.
Software-defined radio (SDR) SDRis one form of open wireless architecture
(OWA).
Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards,
the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is 8/6/12 categorized to the area of the radio
HISTORY OF 4G
On
3 March 2009, Lithuania's LRTC announcing the first operational "4G"mobile WiMaxnetwork in Baltic states. In December 2009, Sprint began advertising "4G" service in selected cities in the United States, despite average download speeds of only 36Mbit/s with peak speeds of 10Mbit/s (not available in all markets).
LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian capitalsStockholmandOsloby the 8/6/12 Swedish-Finnish network
CONTINUE.
On 25 February 2010, Estonia'sEMTopened
LTE "4G" network working in test regime. first 4G Smartphone, theHTC Evo 4G.
LTE inTashkent.
On
25 August 2010,Latvia'sLMTopened LTE "4G" network working in test regime 50% of territory. communication Seminar 2010, theITUstated 8/6/12 thatLTE,WiMaxand similar "evolved 3G
to make the high bit rates available in a larger portion of the cell, especially to users in an exposed position in between several basestations. is addressed bymacrodiversitytechniques, also known asgroup cooperative relay, and also by beamdivision multiple access.
8/6/12 Pervasive
networksare
an
ANY QUERRIES?
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