Project presented by: Saamala Subramaniam Jahanara Parvin

Phylum Brachiopoda or Lamp shell

Group Lophophorata Appeared first in the Cambrian Period Most abundant marine species during the Paleozoic Era Presently 300 living species but 30,000 species according to fossil record

Fossil Records
http://www.coolclay.info/brachiopods.jpg

Morphological Diversity
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/PIC/24figures/Fig5.jpg

Morphological Diversity
http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-INDEX/plates/1880-Davidson03.jpg

Shells are ventral-dorsal

Shells are right-left

The 2 shells are of different sizes

The 2 shells are identical in size

Sessile

Non-sessile

Bivalve Shell
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animalkingdom/mollusks/bivalve-shell/morphology-bivalveshell.jpg

Brachiopod Shell
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiopodamorphology.png

Contains 2 brachia (arms) with large cilia

Used for feeding and respiration Occupy 2/3 of the internal space Supported by the calcarous shell called brachidium

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarti culate/brach-anatomy.JPG

Size range from 5-80 mm

Very hard shell and thats why it is well

preserved.

Composed of 2 valves:
Brachial valve (dorsal) Pedicle valve (ventral)

Hinge connect the 2 valves

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarticu late/brach-anatomy.JPG

http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Brachiopods/Brachiopo d%20Images/brachdraw2.GIF

3 types of muscles:
Adductor muscles Diductor muscles Adjustor muscles

Joints:
Articulate have hinge Inarticulate have muscles

http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Brachiopods/Brachiopod% 20Images/brachdrawclr.GIF

http://www.brachiopods.co.cc/2009/02/morphology-andecology-brachiopod-add.html

Lines and secrete the shell

Enclose internal organs Respiration may occur Considered as a sensory organ

http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Brachiopods/Brachiopod% 20Images/brachdrawclr.GIF

Long, fleshy stalk used for attaching to substrate

Articulate: short pedicle that passes though a hole in the ventral valve

Inarticulate: long pedicle that passes though the opening of the 2 shells

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarticu late/brach-anatomy.JPG

Encircles the oesophagus

Articulates have 2 ganglia

Inarticulates have 1 ganglia

Edge of the mantle has the greatest concentration of sensors

Mostly marine animals

http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Torpedo2009April.htm

http://www.sedgwickmuseum.org/wenlock/creatures/brachiopods/in dex.html

Suspension feeders Use lophophore and water current

http://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu/Dissections/lingint.htm

http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331lopho.html

Feces go out with the out-flowing current

Metabolic wastes go to the nepheridia then out

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarticulate/Characters%20and%20Anatomy.html

Water current
Blood like fluid Heart like vessel

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarticulate/Characters%20and%20Anatomy.html

Deutrostomes
Radial cleavage Enterocoelous

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ifNvMe6zXXc/SxMaVIanyoI/AAAAAAAAAy0/IKjTQVpEZgM/s1600/deuteroVSproto.jpg

Dioecious individuals
Sexual reproduction Either external or internal reproduction

Planktonic free-swimming larva

http://www.imagequest3d.com/pages/current/pictureoftheweek/brachiopodlarva/index.htm

Sessile adults

http://www.ryanphotographic.com/images/JPEGS/Brachiopod.jpg

1.

http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Lophotrochozoa/Brachiopoda/E0A0E0B
rachiopoda.htm

2. 3.

http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/brachiopoda.html http://www.newjerseyfossils.com/invertebrates.htm

4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/lingula.html
http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Brachiopods/brachmorph.htm http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/paleo/pdf/Brachiopods.pdf http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Extension/fossils/brachiopod.html http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/brachiopoda.html http://www.sedgwickmuseum.org/wenlock/creatures/brachiopods/index.htm http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Torpedo2009April.htm

1.
2.

http://www.mapoflife.org/browse/category_10_Brachiopods/
http://livelikedirt.blogspot.com/2009/11/sunday-inverts-bivalvia-vsbrachipoda.html

3.

http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/brachiopoda.html

4.

http://pagesperso-orange.fr/jeanours.filippi/brach/anglais/poursavoirplusang22.html

5. 6.

www.ryanphotographic.com/images/JPEGS/Brachiopod.jpg http://www.imagequest3d.com/pages/current/pictureoftheweek/brachiopodlarv a/index.htm

7.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ifNvMe6zXXc/SxMaVIanyoI/AAAAAAAAAy0/IKjTQVpE ZgM/s1600/deuteroVSproto.jpg

1.

http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Inarticulate/Characters%20a
nd%20Anatomy.html

2. 3.

http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331lopho.html http://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu/Dissections/lingint.htm

4.
5.

http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Torpedo2009April.htm
http://www.sedgwickmuseum.org/wenlock/creatures/brachiopods/index.ht ml

6. 7.

http://books.google.ca/books Biodiversity textbook