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Deniz Erdem Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Iii - Class V.Group
Deniz Erdem Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Iii - Class V.Group
First implanted in 1978 Allowed Jerry to see shades of grey Whilst connected to a 10ft by 7ft, 2 ton computer Now computer weighs 5kg, and Jerry sees phosphenes
Edge detection algorithms applied to images from camera Jerry can navigate New York subway Very limited field of view
Camera mounted on glasses Computer converts signals into a form that can be understood by the brain Signal passes down wires into the skull Connect to an electrode array on the surface of the visual cortex. Since the 1950s it has been known that stimulating the visual cortex produces phosphenes
Costs $80,000 US Percutaneous pedestals - were sunk into both sides of Jens skull Connected to platinum electronic arrays lying on surface of visual cortex
Implant described sits on top of the visual cortex Richard Normann, is working on device that will be implant into the visual cortex
Lower voltages required, so safer Much more accurate Potential to stimulate individual neurons
Many neurons are stimulated at once
Visual Cortex can be stimulated by sound Typically 4000 pixels (vocals) / sec Perception 1000-4000 $2500 (exc training/adaptation) Environment /web etc
Oscilloscope
other sound?
A late-blinded user of The vOICe commented on August 29, 2002, saying: ``Just sound?.... No, It is by far more, it is sight ! There IS true light perception generated by the vOICe. When I am not wearing the voice the light I perceive from a small slit in my left eye is a grey fog. When wearing the vOICe the image is light with all the little greys and blacks. Yet a definite light image . .
Cheap (1/10 implant cost) Fewer risks Quick No implants, no electrodes, no surgery Unobtrusive
Cannot hear anything else Limited information Brain can only perceive so much sound Training is equivalent to learning a foreign language
Artificial Retina Optic nerves and ganglia are intact Partially sighted Infra-red positioning/info/power
Field is advancing all the time Three routes mentioned here have adv/disadv Dr. Dobelle has predicted that guide dogs / Braille will be obsolete by 2100 Geordi LaForge here we come!!!