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Universal Joint
Universal Joint
Md. Movazzif
Shahbaz Alam
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Overview
What is universal joint History
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joint which enables the driver shaft to transmit power at varied angles.
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History The original Universal joint was developed in the sixteenth century by a French mathematician named Cardan. In the seventeenth century, Robert Hooke developed a cross-type Universal joint, based on the Cardan design.
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Then in 1902, Clarence Spicer modified Cardan and Hookes inventions for the purpose of transmitting engine torque to an automobiles rear wheels. By joining two shafts with Y-shaped forks to a pivoting cruciform member, the problem of torque transfer through a connection that also needed to compensate for slight angular variations was eliminated.
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angle
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FIG:-
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Construction
A universal joint consist two y shape yokes one
on the driving shaft and other on the driving shaft and other on the driven shaft
The four arms of spider are known as trunions
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The driving shaft and driven shaft are at an angle to each other, the bearing in the yoke permits the yoke to swing around on the trunions with each revolutions
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Working
When the driving shaft is rotating the driven
Location
One universal joint is attached to the driveshaft at each end.
The front u-joint is also attached to a slip yoke which fits into the tailstock of the transmission.
Some heavy duty vehicles with a two-piece shaft have three u-joints. These vehicles will also have a hanger bearing which may require service at the same time. Some older 4 wheel drive vehicles have a u-joint at each front wheel also.
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i. ii.
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Speed variation As a U-joint transmits torque through an angle, its output shaft speed increases and decreases twice on each revolution. If a U-joints input shaft speed is constant, the speed of the output shaft accelerates and decelerates to complete a single revolution at the same time as the input shaft.
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The greater the angle of the output shaft, the more the velocity will change each shaft revolution. The input yoke rotates at a steady or constant speed through a complete 360-degree rotation.
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Canceling Angles
o The operating angle of the front U-joint is offset
vibration, the rear U-joint decelerates causing an equal but opposite vibration.
o The correct angle must be maintained to
minimize vibration.
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These vibrations created by the two joints oppose each other and dampen the vibrations from one to the other. The use of canceling angles provides smooth drive shaft operation.
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joints.
Special skills and procedures are needed to
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