ROAD AGGREGATES AND QUALITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION AND MIX DESIGNFOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION Mineral aggregates constitute about 90% of total road construction materials.

It is essential to make a proper choice of

road aggregates for efficient performance as road material.

Type of GeologRock ical Group

Basalt Igneous

Properties

Suitability

Location

Hard,durable, Good for base Maharashtra, resistant to and surface Bihar, Gujarat abrasion, fine courses W.B. & M.P. grained Hard,durable resistant to abrasion, coarse grained and quite brittle Very good for bituminous courses and W.B.M/concre te pavement wearing course J&K, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Rajasthan, U.P. M.P.Assam WB Karanataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, Orissa, Kerala , Gujarat

Granite (Volcanic type)

Lime- Sedimentary stone

Reasonably hard and liable to polish to a smooth surface under traffic, fine grained high water absorption, excellent adhesion to bitumen/cement Hard, durable, but is liable to be brittle and adhesion to bitumen/concrete is moderate

Good for base course

Maharashtra, W.B., Rajasthan, A.P., Andaman Islands, Bihar, H.P,M.P, & U.P.

Quart (Calcareous) -zite

Good for base course

W.B., A.P., H.P., Tamil Nadu, U.P., Karanataka, Gujarat, Punjab & Rajasthan A.P., M.P., W.B., Punjab, Bihar, Rajasthan, H.P., Andaman, J&K, UP ,Tamil Nadu

Sand- Sedimentary stone (Siliceous) and metamorphic

Moderately hard and Good durable. Fine to for road medium grained bases and sub bases

AGGREGATE
NATUTAL AGGREGATES PROCESSED AGGREGATES SYNTHETICS AGGREGATES

PRODUCTION STOCKPILING

HANDLING
SEGREGATION SAMPLING

PHYSICAL AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE AND GRADATION PARTICLE SHAPE

SURFACE TEXTURE

DESIRABLE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

HARDNESS TOUGHNESS

DURABILITY
STONE POLISHING VALUE

ADHESION TO
BITUMINOUS/CEMENTITIOUS BINDER

PROPERTY
SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEST
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
WATER ABSORPTION

POROSITY

PROPERTY
STRENGTH HARDNESS TOUGHNESS DURABILITY SHAPE FACTOR

TEST
CRUSHING TEST LOS ANGELES ABRASION TEST AGGREGATE IMPACT TEST SOUNDNESS TEST SHAPE TEST

Particle Size Distribution

IS: 2386 (Pt.I-1963)

Find out the gradation of the aggregate. Grading of aggregate is determined by

shaking the aggregate in a sieve shaker

for two to three minutes. Results are reported as total percentage by weight passing each sieve

Surface Texture
This can be broadly classified as glossy, smooth, granular,crushed and porous. Effect of Surface Texture on Water Bound Macadam Effect on Surface Texture on cementitious mixes

Specific Gravity Test (IS: 2386-1963 (Pt.I)) Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the

mass of a given volume of the substance to the

mass of an equal volume of water. Specific gravity is determined either by

Pycnometer for fine aggregate or by wire basket

method for coarse aggregate having size more

than 4.75mm size.

Water Absorption
Water absorption is obtained by

expressing the difference between the

weight of saturated and the oven-dried sample in air as a percentage of oven dry sample in air.

A = weight in g of vessel containing sample and filled with distilled water, B = weight in g of vessel filled with distilled water only, C = weight in g of saturated surface-dry sample, and D = weight in g of oven-dry sample

Aggregate Crushing Test

( IS 2386-1963 (Pt.IV))

The aggregates (12.5-10 mm) crushing value provides a relative measure of

resistance to crushing under a gradually

applied compressive load of 40 tones at rate of 4 tone per minute

Los Angeles Abrasion Test

IS: 2386(Pt.IV-1963)

To find the percentage wears due to the

relative abrasion (rubbing) action among

the aggregates .

Aggregate Impact Test

IS:2386 (Pt.IV-1963)

This test is used to determine the

resistance of an aggregates (12.5-10 mm)

under loading or crushing.

Shape Factor
Effect of Shape Factor on Water Bound Macadam

Effect on Shape Factor DLC

Flakiness Index
To separate the flaky material, the aggregate particles are subjected to pass through the graduated slot of the thickness gauge. For size range of aggregate in a group of 10 mm

to 20mm the width of the thickness gauge would

be 9mm. This test is not applicable for sizes smaller than 6.3mm size aggregate.

Elongation Index
The Elongation index of an aggregate is

the percentage by weight of particles

whose greatest dimension length is

greater

than

1.8

times

their

mean

dimension. This test is not applicable for sizes smaller than 6.3mm size aggregate.

Soundness Test
IS:2386 (Pt.V-1963)

This test indicates susceptibility of

aggregate to chemical disintegration.

It predicts the deterioration due to the

effect of salts in water and atmosphere.

The permissible limits of loss in sodium sulphate drying are and magnesium sulphate solutions after 5 cycles of soaking and 12 % and 18 % respectively.

Bitumen Adhesion test

The stripping is due: greater affinity of aggregates for water than for asphalt cement, asphalt films on these aggregate

particles may become detached or

stripped after exposure to the water. These aggregates are hydrophilic, and tend to be acidic in nature.

Bitumen Adhesion test

Nature of electric charges on the

aggregate surface when in contact with

water significantly affects the adhesion

between the aggregate and the asphalt

cement.

Stripping Value Test

(IS: 6241)

Complex phenomenon involving the

physico chemical interaction between many parameters.

Mineralogy and Chemical composition of the aggregate are of primary importance in the Stripping phenomenon.
The process of binding is controlled by the viscosity of binder.