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Ubaka Adams
Ubaka Adams
NSF Green Processing Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates Faculty Mentors: Dr. David Hinks and Dr. Gerardo Montero
Objectives
To demonstrate and quantify dye-fiber covalent bond formation between selected dyes and nylon, wool and cotton fibers in a supercritical carbon dioxide medium To optimize reaction conditions (temperature, pressure and time) To conduct a literature review
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Background
Conventional dye-fiber reactions use water as a transport medium, and result in:
Low reaction efficiency due to the competing hydrolysis reaction with hydroxyl ions in water (hydrolyzed dye cannot react w/fiber)
Eliminating toxic waste (no hydrolyzed by-product) Lower costs for the entire dyeing process
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O H HOOC(CH2)4 C N (CH2)6
H O
O H
H H O C C S H H O N
N Et
N C (CH2)4 C N (CH2)6N n
+
O HO CH2 CH2 S O N N N Et
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Et
SC CO2 P,T
Et H O O H H H H O C C S H H O N N N Et
O H HOOC(CH2)4 C N (CH2)6
N C (CH2)4 C N (CH2)6N n
no hydrolyzed by-products
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Sulfonyl-azo-dyes
Reactive Dye
Et Et
O S CH CH2 O
343.44
Dyeing Procedure
Add fiber and dye to vessel
Pressurize system (with CO2) up to 800 psi and stir at approximately 850 rpm
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Results
22 20 18 16
K/S value
5.9%
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
26% 31%
100C
120C
140C
160C
180C
Dyeing Temperature
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Results
14 12 10
K/S value
58.6%
8 6 4 2 0
160C
180C
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Initial Conclusions
Color depth improved with increasing temperature
Strong evidence for dye-fiber bond formation using vinylsulfone-based dye on nylon and wool
ES-dyeing on wool fibers showed extremely low color yields after extraction (no reaction) 94% fixation at 180 oC/ 3500 psi on wool
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Acknowledgements
This research was conducted with the support of the NSF Green Processing Undergraduate Research Program with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Award Number, EEC-9912339.
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