Physics 102-002

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Exam #1 next Wednesday

Covers Chapters 1-4

Class Schedule
1/17 Chapter 1 Introduction, About Science

1/22
1/24

Chapter 2 Newtons First Law

Chapter 3 Linear Motion

1/29

Chapter 4 Newtons Second Law

1/31

Midterm Exam 1

Chapter 3 Linear Motion

Relative Motion Speed
Instantaneous Speed Average Speed

Velocity
Constant Velocity Changing Velocity

Acceleration Free Fall

Relative Motion
- Speed is always measured with reference to another fixed object. (usually the ground) - The speed of a car is measured relative to the roads surface. - Anything moving must be moving with respect to a fixed frame of reference. This is Newtonian Relativity (compared to Einsteins Theory of Relativity). - Speed of car A relative to the ground = 40 m/s - Speed of car B relative to the ground = 30 m/s - Speed of car A relative to car B = 10 m/s (car A is moving AWAY from car B) - Speed of car B relative to car A = -10 m/s (car B is moving TOWARD car A) Motion of a boat on a river (more complicated) http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=227 Unless stated otherwise, giving somethings speed means relative to the earths surface.

Speed
Measure of how far an object can go in a given amount of time
Speed Distance Time
Units of speed are meters miles , , etc. sec hour

Instantaneous Speed Measure of an objects speed at a particular instant. A cars speedometer gives you the instantaneous speed. A police radar ALSO measures instantaneous speed.

Average Speed Total distance traveled divided by the time or travel.

Average Speed total distance covered time interval

If you drive 490 miles and it takes you 7 hours to get there:
Average Speed 490 miles miles 70 7 hours hour

Average vs. Instantaneous Speed applet http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/kinema/trip.html

Velocity
A velocity tells you both the speed and the direction of motion. Speed: 60km/hr Velocity: 60km/hr to the north Velocity is whats called a vector quantity in mathematics. Vectors: Include information on both magnitude and direction. Other vectors wind velocity, acceleration, ocean currents

Scalar quantities (like mass, time, temperature, etc.) dont have a direction.

Constant Velocity unchanging speed AND direction.

Changing Velocity changing speed OR direction OR both.

A car traveling around a curve at constant speed is accelerating.

Question 1
The thing that distinguishes speed from velocity is: a. b. c. magnitude. time. time squared.

d.

direction.

Acceleration
Measures how fast velocity is changing, either by changing speed or direction. changein velocity Acceleration time interval Can be positive or negative. Speeding up = positive acceleration Slowing down = negative acceleration (or de-celeration)

Example: You speed up on your motorcycle (a 1996 Harley Road King) from 30 km/hr to 35 km/hr in 1 sec. Whats your acceleration:
Acceleration 5 km/hr km/hr 5 1 sec s

Direction of velocity and acceleration http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/kinema/avd.html Acceleration applet http://www.ngsir.netfirms.com/englishhtm/Kinematics.htm Acceleration with ramps Interactive Figure http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/2315/2370801/_wps_stylereplacable/j s/iFigs.html?Hewitt_IF_03_06.swf

Question 2
A car goes from 90 km/hr to rest in 10 seconds. Whats the cars acceleration? a. b. c. 9 km/hs 900 km/hs - 9 km/hs

d.

45 parsecs/hs

Free Fall
When an object is dropped near Earths surface, it falls at a velocity that increases about 10 m/s every second. Really closer to 9.8m/s2 .

Standard practice in Physics to call this acceleration due to earths gravity g

g = 9.81 m/s2 (for now, round off to 10 m/s2 )

The motion of object in free fall is determined by the acceleration of gravity (neglecting air resistance).
The acceleration due to gravity (g) is so predictable, you can predict its speed and how far the object will fall in a given amount of time. Not only that, if you throw an object up, it will eventually stop and turn around . Arriving back at your hand traveling the same speed as you originally threw it up at. http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/2315/2370801/_wps_stylerepla cable/js/iFigs.html?Hewitt_IF_03_08.swf