Fish Hatchery Nutrient and Fish Manipulation

Mr. Nino Crisolo

Fish Bio Teacher

Fish hatchery

Fish Quality
What is quality from the Hatchery?
Healthy fish Weaned to Pelleted Feeds No defects Uniform Size Physiologically appropriate

Healthy Fish
Fish should be free of known diseases
Approach - SPF hatcheries

Fish should be protected from potential diseases

Approach:

Vaccination Nutrition

Automatic Vaccination Lines

Fish Weaned to Pelleted Diets

Fast Growth Uniform Size Cost Effective Feeding Reduce Environmental Impacts Healthy Fish
Approach - Wean fish early and completely in Hatchery Approach - Complete Compound Feeds Approach - No Wet Fish (Trash Fish) Diets

Hatchery

No Defects
High Product Quality
Approach - In Hatchery Provide Optimal Environmental Conditions Approach - Provide high quality diets

Developmental Anomalies (Temperature)

100% 75% Other 50% Jaw Spine Normal 25%

Total hatch

0%
6 9 12

Temp (oC)

Developmental Anomalies (Salinity)

100% 90% 80%

Total hatch

70% 60%

50%
40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
15 20 25 30 35

Other Jaw Spine Normal

Salinity (ppt)

Uniform in Size
Uniform Product at Harvest
Approach - Start with uniform graded fish Approach - Genetic Selection for Uniform High Growth. Approach - Completely weaned to High Quality Pelleted diets.

Physiologically Appropriate
Excellent Growth and Survival under conditions in Offshore cages.
Perhaps lower Oxygen Perhaps stronger currents Approach - Species Selection
Bioenergetics model under conditions likely to be found at site.

Simple Bioenergetics Model

E=G+R+L
Where: E is the total energy taken in by the fish from the diet G is the amount of energy going into growth R is the amount of energy used for everything that is not growh (movement, fighting diseases, reproduction, etc) L is the losses due from Feces, Urine and energy to digest the feed (SDA)

Yearly energy demand (MJ)

Energy use curves for wild Blue Rockfish showing energy partitioning.
Growth (G) represents a very small part of the energy budget of wild animals. Respiration (R) and Waste (F+U+SDA) represents a large portion of the energy budget Growth in farmed salmon can reach 50% of the total energy budget

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

R G Total

F+U+SDA DB

Female

10

15

20

25

30

6 5 4 3 2 1

Male

10

15

20

25

30

Age (years)

Need to develop a simple bioenergetics model for species of interest in off shore aquaculture
Conditions off shore are likely to be different than near shore. In Washington State it is likely that they will have:
Lower Oxygen Higher Currents

than traditional near shore aquaculture areas used by the salmon farming industry. Potentially more energy will be needed for R making less available for G. The cost/benefit to G from increased/reduced R is likely to be different among species The cost/benefit to G from increased/reduced R is likely to be different among sites.

Bioenergetics models can be developed for different conditions and species using respirametry
Flow DO in CO2 in Flow DO out CO2 out

By measuring the uptake of Oxygen under various conditions you can determine R and predict G

Summary
What is quality? Its
Healthy fish Weaned to Pelleted Feeds No defects Uniform Size Physiologically appropriate

Thank you