HOW COMPUTER WORKS ?

PRESENTED BY GROUP NO:-2

9/14/12

GROUP MEMBERS

ADITYA - 52 FEROZA -22 PRATIK -2 RUPINDER -32 PRINCIA - 42 JAYESHWARI -12

9/14/12

WHAT IS COMPUTER?
LATIN WORD COMPUTARE ELECTRONIC DEVICE Cannot do anything without a program Central Processing Unit plus internal memory

9/14/12

9/14/12

Switching on the computer

Logging on to window

9/14/12

Shutting down windows

Hibernation

9/14/12

HARDWARE
Physical & tangible components of the computer

Input devices Output devices Central Processing Unit Backing Storage or auxiliary memory devices

9/14/12

KEYBOARD

An input device

The original design came from a typewriter In normal use, the keyboard is used to type text and number To give commands to the operating system (ctrl+alt+del)

9/14/12

KEYBOARD
Mainly for typing text into your computer. . Keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys: The function keys The numeric keypad The navigation keys You can also use your keyboard to perform many of the same tasks you can perform with a mouse.
9/14/12

From the Keyboard to the Computer

9/14/12

HARD DISK DRIVE Stores information on a hard

disk, a rigid platter or stack of platters with a magnetic surface Can hold massive amounts of information-- usually serve as primary means of storage, holding almost all your programs & files. Located inside the system unit. The hard disk platters spin at typically 5400 to 7200 revolutions per minute (RPM). Storage capacities for personal computers range from 10 GB to 120 GB (one billion bytes are called a gigabyte).
9/14/12

FLOPPY DRIVE
Stores information on floppy disks, also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount of data. . Retrieve information slowly, more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to be, although some computers still include them

Why are floppy disks "floppy"?

9/14/12

CD-ROM
CD drives use lasers to read (retrieve) data from a CD, and many CD drives can also write (record) data onto CDs.

If you have a recordable disk drive, you can store copies of your files on blank CDs. You can also use a CD drive to play music CDs on your computer.

DVD drives can do everything that CD drives can, plus read DVDs.

Can record data onto blank DVDs

9/14/12

MOUSE
Mouse first broke onto the public stage with the introduction of the Apple Macintosh in 1984. You reach out for your mouse whenever you want to move your cursor or activate something. Mouse senses your motion and your clicks and sends them to the computer so it can respond appropriately. Once Windows 3.1 made Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) a standard, the mouse became the PC-human interface of choice very quickly
9/14/12

CONNECTING MOUSE TO THE BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER(CPU)

9/14/12

MONITOR
THE MONITOR PROVIDES INSTANT FEEDBACK BY SHOWING YOU TEXT AND GRAPHIC IMAGES AS YOU WORK OR PLAY. CRT (CATHODE RAY TUBE) LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

9/14/12

Monitors/Display Devices
Monitors are available in different types, sizes, and characteristics. When purchasing a new computer, the monitor may have to be purchased separately. Understanding the characteristics of a good monitor will help determine which is best suited for a specific system.

9/14/12

VIDEO CARDS/GRAPHIC CARDS

The video card or video adapter is the interface between the computer and monitor. The video card tells the monitor which pixels to light up, what color the pixels should be and the intensity of the color. The display capabilities of a computer depend on both the video adapter and the monitor.
9/14/12

9/14/12

THE MOTHERBOARD
Transferring device The system board is the largest of the printed circuit boards and every system has one. It houses the CPU, the controller circuitry,RAM, expansion slots for additional boards, and ports for external devices. The motherboard chipset determines motherboard performance and limitations These are chips that have over 20,000 circuits.
9/14/12

The C.P.U.
Often referred to as the brains of a computer, the CPU contains two basic components Control unit
9/14/12

Cooling Systems
Prevents overheating by maintaining airflow in the case. A heat sink is made of a material that absorbs generated heat. It is designed to disperse the heat away from the CPU Computer cases made of aluminum create a much cooler environment for the installed components. Liquid cooled cases new. They introduce water as a cooling agent. Liquid cooling units fit most cases that have a place to mount a back exhaust fan.
9/14/12

Expansion Slots
Receptacles on the computer motherboard that accept printed circuit boards. Examples: Industry Standard Architecture (ISA )

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI )

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

9/14/12

RISER CARDS

Riser card used when a computer is fully loaded to physically extends a slot so a chip or card can be plugged in. In low-profile, space-saving cases, cards are plugged into riser cards that reside parallel with the motherboard.

9/14/12

Bus Types All the basic components of the computer are

connected together by communication paths that are referred to as buses. There are three major system bus types that can be identified based on the type of information they carry. Address bus (a uni-directional pathway for data flow) Data bus (a bi-directional pathway for data flow) Control bus (carries the control and timing signals needed to coordinate the activities of the entire computer)
9/14/12

Identifying SIMMs and DIMMs

A SIMM plugs into the motherboard with a 72-pin or 30-pin connector. The pins connect to the system bus, creating an electronic path through which memory data can flow to and from other system components.

9/14/12

Setting Up a Computer

9/14/12

Risks of computer use include

Eye strain Repetitive stress injuries

9/14/12

R. A. M.

9/14/12

R. A. M.
Is a chip that is to be fixed in a slot on the motherboard Responsible for storing information that is currently being used or worked with, in the process Just a temporary storage medium, the data on it is lost if you turn off the computer. The amount of memory in computers is typically measured in kilobytes or megabytes There are 2 types of RAM Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM). Static RAM is faster and less volatile than dynamic RAM, but it requires more power and is more expensive.
9/14/12

SURGE PROTECTOR
A surge protector (or surge suppressor) is an appliance designed to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes Prevents power surges from ruining delicate computer circuitry Attempts to limit the voltage supplied to an electric device by either blocking or by shorting to ground any unwanted voltages above a safe threshold. Always connect your computer to a surge protector
9/14/12

Gigahertz
Typically measures the clock speed of a microprocessor One gigahertz is equal to 1,000 megahertz (MHz) For many years, computer CPU speeds were measured in megahertz, but after personal computers eclipsed ,gigahertz became the standard measurement unit. Impacts the computer's overall performance

9/14/12

Resolution
Refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. Measured in pixels for computer screens,printers and digital photos Measured in dots per inch for printers For monitors, the screen resolution signifies the number of dots (pixels) on the entire screen Printers, monitors, scanners are often classified as high resolution, medium resolution, or low resolution
9/14/12

VIRUS
A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. Small programs that can invisibly infect your system without your knowledge Computer viruses are malicious programs created by programmers (i.e., people) Can cause your computer to stall or erase files on disk drives harm a computer system's performance. Some of the viruses are whale ,zmist etc .

9/14/12

ANTIVIRUS

Antivirus is a software completes three specific tasks. The first is prevention, blocking harmful software from entering your computer. The second is removal and involves the complete destruction of harmful files. The third is repair; the software can repair damaged sections of your computer. Some of the antivirus software are Norton antivirus 2012,AVG antivirus etc . There are also fake antivirus programs that actually install viruses onto your computer.
9/14/12

SOFTWARE

9/14/12

CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE
System Software Application Software

9/14/12

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Files and programs that make up your computers operating system are called system software. Files include configuration files, drivers, system services. Programs include assemblers, compilers and debuggers.

9/14/12

OPERATING SYSTEM

It is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer program.

9/14/12

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks. v v v v v v v v v
9/14/12

Word Writing and editing Excel Electronic spreadsheet Outlook Email Access Electronic filing cabinet PowerPoint Graphic communication Publisher Page layout/desktop publishing Photoshop Image editing Quicken Personal finance Rosetta Stone Learn a foreign language

WORKING

9/14/12

BIO S starts the computer running The system BIOS is what

when you turn it on. And it ends up with start up screen.

After the BIOS completes its process, it hands over the task to the operating system. The OS locates the program and loads it for operation. For further use we can give commands to the software which coordinates with the hardware for getting the required output.

9/14/12

hope you now know exactly how the computer works

9/14/12

Thank you