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Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Dosen: Bambang Sugeng
Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Dosen: Bambang Sugeng
Main points
Behavioural models of therapy, deriving from psychological learning theories Cognitive models of therapy, deriving from psychological theories of perception and information-processing
Behavioral approach
Fischer and Gochros
Respondent or classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning All are directly applicable in social work
Respondent conditioning
behavior (anything we do) produced by a stimulus (a person, situation, event, or thing usually in the environment) Conditioning is the process by which behavior is learned (connected with stimulus) Respondent behavior = classical conditioning (Pavlov)
Operant conditioning
Focuses on the consequences of behavior A (antecedent) B (behaviour) C (consequences) Punishment reduces behaviour Reinforcement strengthens behaviour Extinction
Social learning
Modelling: (Hudson & Macdonald, 1986) Performing an action Observer forms an idea Observer identifies circumstance Observer repeats the behavior
Residential work
Token economics Have been used in schools and residential homes for adolescents with behavior problems and offenders Also used in mentally ill and handicapped people
Token economies are fundamentally an operant conditioning system using interval reinforcement Token economies are useful for discrimination training
Main points
Cognitive behavioral work focuses on defining and addressing peoples problem behaviors, particularly social phobias, anxiety and depression The main techniques = respondent and operant conditioning, social learning and skills training and cognitive restructuring of peoples belief systems
continuous reinforcement
Shaping Fading Modelling Prompting Physical guidance