Considerations on the Line Capacitance Under Surge Corona Discharge

G. A. Florea, Senior Member IEEE

Power&Lighting Tehnorob S.A.
Bucharest, Romania
georgeflorea@tehnorob.ro
G. Dragan, Prof. Dr. Engineer,
Senior Member IEEE, IEE Fellow
Romanian Academy
Bucharest, Romania
L.C. Lipan, Member IEEE
University Politechnica Bucuresti
Bucharest, Romania
laur_lip@yahoo.com
E. Mateescu, Engineer, Member IEEE
Fichtner Engineering Co.
Bucharest, Romania
I. Rodean, Engineer
C.N.Transelectrica S.A., Romania
M. Oltean, El. eng., Ph. D.
Smart S. A., Romania
The charge-voltage characteristic
To determine the line transient electric capacitance under surge corona discharge, the charge-voltage q = f(u) characteristic has to be considered
first. These were obtained as oscillograms during the experimental tests as mentioned. Fig. 1a and 1b show two examples of such oscillograms as
were recoreded during the tests performed at the Clamart Laboratory in 1974 for single conductors with a diameter of 65 mm, for positive and
negative polarities of the surges.
Fig. 2a and 2b show examples of the oscillograms recordede during the tests performed in 1982 at the Renardieres Laboratory for both polarities of
the surge in the case of a bundled phase of three subconductors.
Based on the hundreds of oscillogrames got during the described experiments the charge- voltage characteristic equation had to be found. Fig. 3
shows a schematic diagram of the characteristics.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the
charge- voltage characteristic
B
P
U
u
A q |
.
|

\
|
=
P
U C A =
0
It may be seen that the diagram has some different sections, some of them linear (OA, BC) and one nonlinear (AB). It may be seen a short line AA
also, for the voltage equal to the Peeks critical voltage, U
p
. The small step increase of the charge at U
p
will be explained later. This step is not high, in
the mentioned figure it was a bit exaggerated as dimension to may show that is a phenomenon to be explained too.
U
max
is the maximum voltage of the surge.
To may find a right equation of the nonlinear portion of the surge different types of relations were considered and finally the most accurate was
obtained as [1]:
(1) Where
C
0
being the line geometric capacitance and u the instantaneous voltage.
The coefficient B is strongly influenced by the conductor diameter, in the case of single conductors and by the number of subconductors or
by the equivalent radius of the bundled phase as shown in the Table 1.
Phase feature Polarity
+ -
Single conductor, d
0
[m]


2,63 d
0
0,153
1,121 + 3.4 d
0

Bundled
phases
n = 2;3;4
r
eq
[m]
1,35 + 0,035 n
1,39 + 0,4 r
eq

0,95 n
0,2

1 + 1,3 r
eq

Table I
The bundle equivalent radius is:
n
eq
R nr R r /
0
=
n is the number of subconductors per phase, r
0
is the subconductor radius(m), d
0
is the conductor diameter and
R is the bundling radius(m).
(2)
The line transient dynamic capacitance
The following line capacitances can be defined [1,2,3]:
-Geometrical capacitance C
0
for u U
p
;
-Static capacitance C
st
for U
p
u U
max
;
-Dynamic capacitance (instant magnitudes) C
d
=
du
dq
for U
p
u U
max
.
( )
1
0

=
B
P d
U u BC C
(3) The relation for the static capacitance is: C
st
= q/u
1
0

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
B
P
U
u
C (4)
Figure 4. Dependence of Cst/C0 on
u/Up for single conductors.
Figure 5. Dependence of Cst/C0
on u/Up for bundled phases
Figure 6. Dependence of
Cd/C0 on u/Up for single
conductors.
Figure 7. Dependence of
Cd/C0 on u/Up for
bundled phases
A. Geometric Capacitance Calculation C0
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
0
0
0
2
ln
2
r
h
C
R
c c t
(5)
m h
mm r d
12
31 2
0 0
=
= =

B. Dynamic Capacitance Calculation Cd :
- UPB-EDF [1,3]
1
0

|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
B
P
d
U
u
C B
du
dq
C
153 . 0
0
63 . 2 d B =
+
0
4 . 3 121 . 1 d B + =

max
U u U
p
s s
(6)
- M.T. Correia de Barros [4,5]
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
P
P
d
U
U u
k k C C
2 1 0
(7)
4.8 k 2 . 1 k
2 1
= =
0 k 1.7 k
2 1
= =
- R. Hilleman [6]
( )
P c p c d
U u k U k C C + + = 2
0
(8)
3
10 8 . 1

=
c
k
3
0
3 . 4
P
d
U
u
B C C =
85 . 0 B 02 . 1
-
= =
+
B



(9)

- M.V. Kostenko [ 7 ] - D.V. Razevig [8]
1
2
ln
1
2
0

=
E
r d
r
h
C c c t
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
1
0
2
ln
exp
2
B
p
ecc E
U
u
r
h
h
r r
(10)
(11)
Applying the a/m relations we got the diagrams of relative dynamic capacities as function of relative instantaneous voltages represented in the figures 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Dynamic Capacity (-)
1,0
3,0
5,0
7,0
9,0
11,0
13,0
15,0
17,0
19,0
1 2 3 4 5
u/Up
C
d
/
C
0

(
-
)
UPB-EDF
C.de Baros1
C.de Baros 2
Hilleman
Razevig1
Razevig2
Kostenco
Dynamic Capacity (-)
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1 2 3 4 5
u/Up
C
d
/
C
0

(
-
)
UPB-EDF
C.de Baros1
Hilleman
Razevig1
Razevig2
Dynamic Capacity (+)
1,0
3,0
5,0
7,0
9,0
11,0
13,0
15,0
17,0
19,0
1 2 3 4 5
u/Up
C
d
/
C
0

(
+
)
UPB-EDF
C.de Baros1
C.de Baros 2
Hilleman
Razevig1
Razevig2
Kostenco
Dynamic Capacity (+)
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
1 2 3 4 5
u/Up
C
d
/
C
0

(
+
)
UPB-EDF
C.de Baros1
Hilleman
Razevig1
Razevig2
Figure 8. Relative dynamic capacitance
diagrams as function of the
instantaneous voltage on the negative
surge front (Cd/C0 in the range1 to 19)
Figure 9. Relative dynamic capacitance
diagrams as function of the
instantaneous voltage on the negative
surge front(Cd/C0 in the range 1 to 1.8)
Figure 10. Relative dynamic capacitance
diagrams as function of the
instantaneous voltage on the positive
surge front (Cd/C0 in the range1 to 19)
Figure 11. Relative dynamic capacitance
diagrams as function of the
instantaneous voltage on the positive
surge front(Cd/C0 in the range 1 to 1.8)