Power Generation From Municipal Solid Wastes In India

Presented By: Poorvi M Parmar (BE II Electrical 42) Richa C Asarawala (BE II Electrical 03)

Contents

Introduction Fuel Pellets Test Analysis Of RDF Pellets Schematics of a waste to Energy Plant Technology Transfer RDF Plant - Energy Balance Advantage over Coal in Respect of Ash Contents Conclusion Reference

Introduction

Quantum of energy in solid waste Coal substitutes- RDF pellets Increase in Quantity of Solid wastes

Fuel Pellets

Characteristics of Fuel Pellets :

Pelletisation (RDF)

Characteristics of Fuel Pellets : 1. Size: dia 8/20/30 mm, length 8-40 mm 2. Calorific value: 4000 Kcal / Kg (minimum) 3. Bulk density: 0.7 MT per cu.m. 4. Density: 1.3 gm per cc. (minimum) 5. Ash content: < 15% 6. Moisture: 10% (approx.) 7. Proximate Analysis of RDF Pellets - Moisture: 3.00% - 8.00% - Ash content: 12.00% - 20.00% - Volatile matter : 50.00% - 65.00% - Fixed carbon : 12.00% - 18.00% 8. Ultimate analysis of RDF pellets - Moisture: 3.0 - 0% - 8.00% - Mineral matter: 15.00% - 25.00% - Carbon: 35.00% - 40.0% - Hydrogen: 5.00% - 8.00% - Nitrogen: 1.00% - 1.50% - Sulphur: 0.20% - 0.50% - Oxygen: 25.00% - 30.00% 9. Gross Calorific value - With binder: 4000 45000 Kcal/Kg. - Without binder: 3500 3700 Kcal/Kg.

Fuel Pellets

Test Analysis Of RDF Pellets

A study, done at a testing and analytical laboratory in Mumbai, points towards the fact that thermal energy cost would be reduced by 35% and boiler efficiency increased by 3.3% of plants employing RDF pellets instead of coal.

Schematics of a waste to Energy Plant

Technology Transfer

Based on the experience gained on the pilot project operations, the technology is now commercially offered for producing fuel pellets from municipal garbage . The plant offered here, A total economically viable one, is carefully engineered with equipment sourcing from within the country

The plant design would have to be tailored in accordance with the availability of quality and quantity of garbage from city to city.

RDF Plant - Energy Balance

Energy output : Calorific value of RDF pellets

3600 4000 Kcal / kg. 360 x 104 400 x 104 Kcal / MT (1MT= 860 Kcal)

Energy input : Electrical energy input

80 90 KWh/MT of product

Energy output : 1046 / 80 1162 / 90

Energy input : 11 to 13

Development of Power Plant

[1] 6 MW POWER PROJECT BASED ON MSW AT VIJAYVADA: [2] 6 MW POWER PROJECT BASED ON MSW AT HYDERABAD:

6 MW POWER PROJECT BASED ON MSW AT VIJAYVADA

6 MW POWER PROJECT BASED ON MSW AT HYDERABAD

Advantage over Coal in Respect of Ash Contents

4 to 5 Tons of MSW would be required to produce 1 Ton of RDF pellet. Thermal Energy Cost be reduced by 35% & the boiler efficiency would be increased by 3.3% for unit RDF pellet. The Energy output is 10 to 15 times greater the energy input.

Conclusion
The energy contents in MSW varies from season to season and city to city. A Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) pellet plant at a pilot scale, has been set up in India for the effective disposal and utilization of MSW and for providing thereby energy, employment and economic benefits to the society. This needs replication.

References
1. Pawan Sikka Fuel from waste, Inventions Intelligence, New Delhi July 1994.

2. Energy from Household Garbage, IREDA, News, 7(1) 1996, New Delhi. 3. Energy from Refuse Derived Fuel Pellets, Proc. 3rd National Workshop, GNDU University, Amritsar (India) 1996. 4. RDF Pellets are Energy Efficient than Coal. R97 Proc. Vol.VI 180-84, February 4-7, 1997. Geneva, Switzerland. 5. Pelletisation of Indian MSW, R99, Proc. Vol.V, 238-243. February 99, Geneva, Switzerland.