Set 3

Macroscopical appearance in
various Pathologies
By Qamar Ahmad
Appearance of left lung (due to
the 2 lobes of course!). Gray in
color with white and black spots.
Can be a complication of lobar
pneumonia or TB characterized
by loss of substance, necrotic
parenchyma replaced by puss
and sometimes abscess.
Appearance of left lung (due to
the 2 lobes of course!). Gray in
color with white and black spots.
Can be a complication of lobar
pneumonia or TB characterized
by loss of substance, necrotic
parenchyma replaced by puss
and sometimes abscess.
Appearance of left lung (due to
the 2 lobes of course!). Gray in
color with white and black spots.
Can be a complication of lobar
pneumonia or TB characterized
by loss of substance, necrotic
parenchyma replaced by puss
and sometimes abscess.

An abscess
Appearance of colon.
Normally it is white but in
pathological it appears black.
The membrane is covered by
necrotic tissue & fibrous
exudates typical of Pseudo
membranous colitis. It is a
fibrous inflammation. Can be
due to Shigella, Salmonella,
Appearance of colon.
Normally it is white but in
pathological it appears black.
The membrane is covered by
necrotic tissue & fibrous
exudates typical of Pseudo
membranous colitis. It is a
fibrous inflammation. Can be
due to Shigella, Salmonella,
Appearance of colon. Normally
it is white but in pathological
conditions appears black. The
membrane is covered by
necrotic tissue & fibrous
exudates typical of Pseudo
membranous colitis. It is a
fibrous inflammation. Can be
due to Shigella, Salmonella,
Horizontal section through
the brain showing an
abscess. The wall of the
abscess is regular so it is a
Acute/Intermediary
abscess. If the wall was
irregular due to fibrin
deposition it would have
Horizontal section through
the brain showing an
abscess. The wall of the
abscess is regular so it is a
Acute/Intermediary
abscess. If the wall was
irregular due to fibrin
deposition it would have
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Horizontal section through
the brain showing an
abscess. If the wall of the
abscess is regular it is a
Acute/Intermediary
abscess. If the wall is
irregular due to fibrin
deposition it would have
been classified as a Chronic
abscess. In this case, “I
think”, it’s a chronic
Cut section through a liver
showing loss of central
substance. It is centered
on portal veins so it is
called Pelephebitis (I swear
I've never heard that
before!). I think the correct
name is Phlebitis (pheleb
from veins). The area
becomes necrotic with
irregular margins.
Originally it is a purulent
inflammation and can be a
Cut section through a liver
showing loss of central
substance. It is centered
on portal veins so it is
called Pelephebitis (I swear
I’ve never heard that
before!). I think the correct
name is Phlebitis (pheleb
from veins) The area
becomes necrotic with
irregular margins.
Originally it is a purulent
inflammation and can be a
Cut section through a liver
showing loss of central
substance. It is centered
on portal veins so it is
called Pelephebitis (I swear
I've never heard that
before!). I think the correct
name is Phlebitis (pheleb
from veins) The area
becomes necrotic with
irregular margins.
Originally it is a purulent
inflammation and can be a
Constricted lungs. Visceral
pleura is opaque and thick.
There are 2 cavities, one ant
and one post. In chronic
conditions the cavities keep
on draining into the pleural
cavity. This can appear in
many chronic diseases of
the lung such as TB or
chronic bronchitis.

Opaque
Visceral Pleura
Abscess
Constricted lungs. Visceral
pleura is opaque and thick.
There are 3 cavities, 2 ant
and one post. In chronic
conditions the cavities keep
on draining into the pleural
cavity. This can appear in
many chronic diseases of
the lung such as TB or
chronic bronchitis.
Constricted lungs. Visceral pleura is opaque and thick. There are 2
cavities, one ant and one post. In chronic conditions the cavities keep
on draining into the pleural cavity. This can appear in many chronic
 Congested
Vessels

Opaque Meninges

Section through a brain showing diffuse leptomeningitis. The surrounding

parenchyma of the brain remains intact and is normal. The vessels become
thick due to congestion. The leptomeninges appear opaque, yellowish
Section through a brain
showing diffuse
leptomeningitis. The
surrounding parenchyma of
the brain remains intact and
is normal. The vessels
become thick due to
congestion. The
leptomeninges appear

Opaque
Leptomeninges
Section through a brain
showing diffuse
leptomeningitis. The
surrounding parenchyma of
the brain remains intact and
is normal. The vessels
become thick due to
congestion. The
leptomeninges appear
Section through a brain
showing diffuse
leptomeningitis. The
surrounding parenchyma of
the brain remains intact and
is normal. The vessels
become thick due to
congestion. The
leptomeninges appear

Dilated vessels
showing
congestion
Section through a brain
showing diffuse
leptomeningitis. The
surrounding parenchyma of
the brain remains intact and
is normal. The vessels
become thick due to
congestion. The
leptomeninges appear
Chronic Lung abscess.
Dimensions of the abscess
are increased. It is infiltrated
by pus usually. Sometimes
the abscess, if it is on the
hilum can lodge into the
blood stream leaving a hollow
cavity as it is in this image.
The extension of the abscess
is limited by a fibrin wall,
fairly visible in this picture. It
is not yet calcified cause
calcification is usually around
a necrotic tissue. This is a key
Chronic Lung abscess.
Dimensions of the abscess
are increased. It is infiltrated
by pus usually. Sometimes
the abscess, if it is on the
hilum can lodge into the
blood stream leaving a hollow
cavity. The extension of the
abscess is limited by a fibrin
wall. It is not yet calcified
cause calcification is usually
around a necrotic tissue. This
is a key difference in
distinguishing a fibrin wall or
a calcium wall.
Chronic Lung abscess.
Dimensions of the abscess
are increased. It is infiltrated
by pus usually. Sometimes
the abscess, if it is on the
hilum can lodge into the
blood stream leaving a hollow
cavity as it is in this image.
The extension of the abscess
is limited by a fibrin wall,
fairly visible in this picture. It
is not yet calcified cause
calcification is usually around
a necrotic tissue. This is a key
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Hepatic abscess. It is named
on the way of dissemination.
In this case the way of
dissemination is through the
biliary tree, hence it is called
colangitis. It is associated
with greenish-yellow pus.
Usually happens in bacterial
Section through a heart.
Epicardium is thick, dilated and
opaque with various fibrin
deposits. Appearance is like a
bread butter splatter. Also called
Fibrous pericarditis.
Section through a heart.
Epicardium is thick, dilated and
opaque with various fibrin
deposits. Appearance is like a
bread butter splatter. Also called
Fibrous pericarditis.
Section through a heart.
Epicardium is thick,
dilated and opaque with
various fibrin deposits.
Appearance is like a
bread butter splatter. Also
called Fibrous pericarditis.
Section through a heart.
Epicardium is thick,
dilated and opaque with
various fibrin deposits.
Appearance is like a bread
butter splatter. Also called
Fibrous pericarditis.
Section through a
heart. Epicardium is
thick, dilated and
opaque with various
fibrin deposits.
Appearance is like a
bread butter
splatter. Also called
Fibrous pericarditis.
Section through a Heart. The
Pericardial cavity is enlarged
with serous exudates and
thick deposits of fibrin. This
is a mixed form of
pericarditis called sero-
fibrinous pericarditis.
Section through a Heart. The
Pericardial cavity is enlarged
with serous exudates and
thick deposits of fibrin. This
is a mixed form of
pericarditis called sero-
fibrinous pericarditis.
Section through a Heart. The
Pericardial cavity is enlarged
with serous exudates and
thick deposits of fibrin. This
is a mixed form of
pericarditis called sero-
fibrinous pericarditis.

Enlarged
Pericardial cavity
Section through a heart.
Epicardium is thick,
dilated and opaque with
various fibrin deposits.
Appearance is like a
bread butter splatter.
Also called Fibrous
Section through a Heart. The
Pericardial cavity is enlarged
with serous exudates and
thick deposits of fibrin. This
is a mixed form of
pericarditis called sero-
fibrinous pericarditis.

Necrotic areas with fibrin

deposits around them.
Section through a kidney.
There are many prominent,
yellow nodules on the
kidney. Don’t know exactly
what pathology this is.
Section through a kidney.
There are many prominent,
yellow nodules on the
kidney. Don’t know exactly
what pathology this is.
Section through a kidney.
There are many prominent,
yellow nodules on the
kidney. Don’t know exactly
what pathology this is.
Section through a kidney.
There are many prominent,
yellow nodules on the
kidney. Don’t know exactly
what pathology this is.