Mobile Technology Evolution

Presented by Amr Medhat Supervised by Dr. Samir Shaheen

Outline
History Cellular System Mobile Technology Generations

Mobile Technology Evolution

The Early Start

Maxwell Theory of radio communications in 1864 Marconi The radio inventor in 1894 Earliest mobile systems for military communication Commercial mobile cellular systems became widely available in 80s 1G

Mobile Technology Evolution

1G: analog voice

Analog signaling Circuit-switched Designed for voice not data Uses FDM to separate the channels Example: AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) Base of cellular systems
Mobile Technology Evolution

What is a cellular system?

Geographic region is divided into cells Each cell uses some set of frequencies not used by its neighbors. Cell size affects on

Frequency reuse Power for transmission

Mobile Technology Evolution

Cellular System (contd)

Growth No. of users overloading Sol: split into smaller microcells sometimes created temporarily using portable power satellite links.

Mobile Technology Evolution

Components of Cellular System

Base station

At the center of each cell consists of a computer, transmitter/receiver and an antenna

end office communicates with
base stations the PSTN

Mobile Switching Center (MSC).

Mobile Technology Evolution

Handoff
Ability to change frequency/channel as the unit moves from one cell to another cell. Channel assignment is done by the MSC Soft handoff Hard handoff

Mobile Technology Evolution

2G: digital voice

Digital Signaling Circuit-switched Can handle some data capabilities: SMS Data rates up to 9.6kbps GSM and D-AMPS: TDMA-based FDM divide spectrum into channels TDM divide channels into time slots CDMA
Mobile Technology Evolution

2.5G: Enhanced 2G
Demand for advanced wireless data communication services. & Slow data rate in 2G led to: Enhanced second-generation Increased bit-rates up to 384kbps Start of using packet-switching Example: GPRS
Mobile Technology Evolution

3G:digital voice & data

Motivations

No. of users exceeds the radio spectrum allocated to 2G systems Data traffic already exceeds voice traffic Mobile phones arent just telephones

Packet-switched Bit rates up to 2Mbps W-CDMA, CDMA2000

Mobile Technology Evolution

4G: voice, data & multimedia

Support interactive multimedia Expected to offer 100 Mbps bit rate Entirely packet-switched Consist of a set of various networks using IP Should be able to work with any standard, anywhere Expected time 2010
Mobile Technology Evolution

Comparison

Mobile Technology Evolution

THANKS