Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1 5

OMF000503 Traffic Statistics Analysis
ISSUE 1.5
Wireless Curriculum Development Section
Course Contents
Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics
Often-used traffic statistics items analysis

Locate problem through traffic analysis Case study for traffic statistics
Main Structure of Traffic Statistics System

BM1 Call process data BM data Hardware data
BM
Signaling data
AM/CM BAM
HUB OMC SERVER
WS1
WSn
3
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics
Advanced global Pre-set counters design
Once the host starts, the global counters begin to work at

measurement point constantly and automatically without manual intervening.
Abundant and powerful statistics functions
Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics
Task list management
BSC traffic statistics platform provide the function of registering

new task, deleting registered task and refreshing task list.
Task management
BSC traffic statistics platform provide the function of modifying task name, modifying statistic period of permanent task, hanging up task, activating task, querying task information, querying task result and querying task running state.
Template management
Template management provides the function of Defining item

template, object template, time template, user-defined statistic items and refreshing all templates.
Exercises
The traffic measurement task is registered using the BSC traffic statistics console, the maximum number of task of each module
is 200. What is the maximum number of subtasks each module.
Answer: The correct answer is 1000. Because of the system resource limit, The maximum number of task and subtask for each module are 200 and 1000 respectively. And one task can only include 60 original items.
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item
TCH Blocking Rate
TCH Blocking Rate (excluding handover) = (TCH seizure

failures for call + TCH seizure failures for very early assignment) / (attempted TCH seizures + attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment) * 100%
TCH Blocking Rate
TCH Blocking Rate (including handover) = (TCH seizure failures

for call + TCH seizure failures for very early assignment + TCH seizure failures for intra BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) + TCH seizure failures for inter BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) ) / (attempted TCH seizures (all) + attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment + attempted TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover + attempted TCH seizures for interBSC incoming cell handover) * 100%
SDCCH Blocking Rate
SDCCH Blocking Rate = times of attempted seizures meeting

an SDCCH blocked state / attempted SDCCH seizures (all) * 100%
TCH Call Drop Rate
TCH Call Drop Rate = TCH Call Drops / Successful TCH

Seizures (all) *100%
SDCCH Call Drop Rate
SDCCH Call Drop Rate = SDCCH call drops / successful SDCCH seizures (all) *100%
Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate
Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate =(1-TCH Blocking Rate)

* (1-SDCCH Blocking Rate)
Note: A key index that show the performance of radio service.
Handover Successful Rate
inter Cell Handover Success Rate = (Successful incoming

internal inter cell handovers + Successful incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers+ Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers) *100%
Inter Cell Radio Handover Success Rate =(Successful Incoming

Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Successful Incoming InterBSC Inter cell Handovers + Successful Outgoing Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Successful Outgoing InterBSC Inter Cell Handovers) / (Incoming Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Inter BSC Incoming Cell Handovers + Outgoing Internal Inter Cell Handovers + Inter BSC Outgoing Cell Handovers) * 100%
Exercise
Exercise

Write down the key items of the network

Answer: The most important items for the network are: call drop rate, TCH congestion rate, SDCCH congestion rate, outgoing and incoming handover success rate, traffic volume etc.

MTP Measurement Function
BSC Measurement Function SCCP Measurement Function
Cell Measurement Function

Power control Measurement Call Drop Measurement
A-interface Operation and management statistic
Site Initialization Measurement

Function
A-interface Equipment
Maintenance statistic
BSC Cell Broadcast
Measurement Function
A-interface Trunk Board
message statistic
CPU Measurement Function

BTS Initial Measurement
Defined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function
Cell Broadcast Statistic

Outgoing Inter cell handover Measurement Function

Receiving Quality Measurement Receiving Level Measurement
Incoming Inter cell handover Measurement Function
Function
Up-Down Link Balance Measurement Function
Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function
LAPD Link Measurement

Function
GPRS Related Measurement Function
Cell Frequency Scan
Course Contents
Regular traffic statistics items analysis

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis
Systematical architecture

From upper to bottom

From whole to local
Integrality
Observe the change trend of the item for more than one week and the changed trend of each day.
Relativity
Relationship between all kinds of traffic statistics items
Analysis process
First we shall analyze and compare the item of BSC

measurement function to have a roughly acknowledgement for the whole network.
During analyzing, if any important items (such as call drop rate or handover successful rate) are abnormal, we shall do further detailed analysis for the corresponding items.
Analysis process
Check the cell that has abnormal items (call drop, congestion,
handover failure and so on).
Base on whole percentage and absolute times (call drop, congestion, handover failure and so on), decide whether do some further analysis or not.

Circuit paging (A-interface) successful rate
Immediate assignment successful rate

TCH call drop rate TCH and SDCCH blocking rate
Handover successful rate

Interference band
Relate to ATT , coverage area and random access

performance.
Relate to the paging re-send mechanism implemented by BSC or MSC.



Interference band
When BTS receives Random Access message from MS, BTS

will apply channel from BSC. If there is no channel available, BSC will send immediate assignment rejected message which indicates the failure of immediate assignment. At the same time, MSs access will be bared for some time.
The interference and collision of random access will affect immediate assignment successful rate.



Interference band
Causes of TCH call drop

TCH lost radio connections (Connection failure).

TCH lost radio connections (Error indication). Ground link disconnection when TCH seized (Abis). Call drop during handover
TCH call drop formula and measurement point
TCH Call Drop Rate = TCH Call Drop / Successful TCH

Seizures (all) *100%
RF lost rate
TCH RF Lost Rate = (times of radio link disconnection when

TCH seized (connection failure) + times of radio link disconnection when TCH seized (error indication)) / successful TCH seizures (all) * 100%
SDCCH RF Lost Rate = (times of radio link disconnection when SDCCH seized (connection failure) + times of radio link disconnection when SDCCH seized (error indication)) / successful SDCCH seizures (all) * 100%



Interference band
TCH blocking rate

It is a key item used to assess cell load.

When the load of the cell overruns the system limitation, try to distribute some traffic to adjacent cells.
Causes of TCH blocking ( TCH seizure failure )

Assignment failure
Equipment fault Invalid ground resource Ground resource already allocated Illegal message contents Radio interface failure and return to original channel No channel available
TCH blocking rate

TCH Blocking Rate (including handover) = (TCH seizure failures
for call + TCH seizure failures for very early assignment + TCH seizure failures for intra BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) + TCH seizure failures for inter BSC incoming cell handover (no radio resource) ) / (attempted TCH seizures for call + attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment + attempted TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover + attempted TCH seizures for interBSC incoming cell handover) *100%
SDCCH blocking rate
SDCCH Blocking Rate = times of attempted seizures meeting

an SDCCH blocked state / attempted SDCCH seizures (all) *100%
SDCCH Blocking measurement point
Attempted SDCCH seizure meeting a SDCCH blocked state is

counted when there is a SDCCH seizure but no SDCCH available.
Attempted SDCCH seizures (all)

Receive CH_REQ and the channel type is SDCCH. Incoming interBSC inter cell handover and the handover type is SDCCH handover.
Incoming intraBSC inter cell and intra-cell handover and the

handover type is SDCCH handover.



Interference band
Handover measurement point
For
different
objects
such
as
BSC,
band
(900/1800),
incoming/outgoing, intra-cell handover and so on, there are different items.
By analyzing different items, the problems can be located more rapidly.
inter Cell Handover Success Rate = (Successful incoming

internal inter cell handovers + Successful incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers+ Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers) *100%
Causes of handover

Power budget
Poor uplink signal quality Poor downlink signal quality Low uplink signal strength Low downlink signal strength Too large TA value Other reasons
Note: Handover types and times for all adjacent cells are listed in outgoing and incoming inter cell handover measurement function.
Handover failure reasons

No available channel
Illegal frequency Timer timeout Illegal channel Illegal TA Other reasons



Interference band
TCH Interference Band measurement
The result in each TCH interference band shows the average

number of idle TCH within this interference band in the statistic period, which reflects the average interference level.
In urban and suburb area, because of different density of base station and the frequency reuse pattern, the acceptable interference level is different.
Cell frequency scan
Show the signal strength received by main antenna and diversity

antenna.
Reflect the interference level for this frequency. The difference between the measurement results got by main and diversity antenna reflects the difference between the two antennas such as direction, gain, path loss and so on.
Receiving level measurement
Receiving level measurement function is base on per TCH

channel.
The receiving level is divide into 6 bands

Band 0 : -110~-100dBm Band1 : -100~-95dBm Band 2 : -95~-90dBm Band 3 : -90~-80dBm
Band 4 : -80~-70dBm
Band 5 : > -70dBm
Exercise
Exercise
List the often-used traffic statistics tasks that we use to locate and analyze the problem.
Answer: The often-used traffic statistics tasks are: BSC

measurement function, TCH and SDCCH measurement function, inter-cell and intra-cell handover measurement function, outgoing and incoming inter cell handover measurement function, up-down link balance measurement function, call drop measurement function, cell frequency scan etc.
Course Contents

Incoming handover Low handover successful rate
Outgoing handover
TCH performance
Traffic Statistics Analysis
Link Balance
Alarm data
BSC Measurement Function
General method for traffic analysis
High congestion rate
SDCCH performance
Link balance
Alarm data
TCH performance
High call drop rate
Link balance
Call drops
TCH performance
Alarm data
Traffic Statistics Analysis
Combine Traffic statistics analysis with other optimization
method
Drive Test: simulate common subscribers behavior.
Analyze objects

Coverage Quality Handover Signaling Others
Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH Call Drop
TCH call drop analysis ( Analysis diagram )

Cell with high call drop rate
Handover measurement
Call drop measurement
Cell performance statistics
Alarm and hardware fault
Outgoing inter cell handover success rate Incoming inter cell handover success rate
Average uplink level at TCH call drops

Average down link level at TCH call drop Average uplink quality at TCH call drop Average downlink quality at TCH call drop Average TA value at TCH call drop
Call drop times
Interference band Causes of call drop
Handover failure and re-establish failure
Call drop types

Edge call drop: low receiving signaling strength, large TA.

Short distance call drop: low receiving signal strength and small TA.
BQ call drop: high receiving signal strength and poor quality. Sudden call drop: before call drop, the call is normal then call drop happened suddenly.
Edge call drop
Causes
MS is out of cells effective coverage area. Island phenomenon caused by over shooting or missing neighbor. isolated site.
Solutions
Add new site to guarantee the effective continuous coverage. Add the necessary neighbor. Adjust antenna height and antenna downtilt, use high gain antenna Modify some parameters : SACCH multi-frames , Radio link timeout counter, handover threshold, handover statistic time, etc..
Short distance call drop
Causes
Poor coverage caused by complicated terrain or high dense building.
Solutions
Increase EIRP. Adjust antenna direction and downtilt, make the main lobe point to high traffic area. Adjusting parameters related to call drop.
BQ call drop( high signal strength)
Causes
High transmission bit error rate (BER).
Uplink or downlink interference.
Interference caused by Repeater. Interference caused by Radar or other similar equipment.
Interference caused by improper frequency planning.

Self-interference caused by BTS.
Solutions
Try to find the external interference source. Optimize frequency planning. Adjust antenna system, avoid island. Solve the problem of transmission bit ERROR
Overall process for call drop analysis

Find out cells with high call drop rate.

Classify the call drop according to the character. Analyze the cells traffic load and total call drop times. In the call drop measurement function :analyze the call drop performance.
Check the interference band.
NoteFirst, we shall know the type of the call drop.
The main causes for call drop

Interference (internal and external).

Poor coverage (coverage hole and island). Improper handover (neighbor planning and handover parameter setting).
Unbalanced up-down link (TMA, power amplifier, antenna direction).
Improper parameter settings ( RLT and SACCH multi-frames).
Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, and TMA).
Interference analysis process

Analyze the appearance period of the interference.

Block TRX one by one to monitor the interference. Calculate the handover caused by poor quality and check the average receiving quality level for each TRX.
In call drop measurement function: check the average signal strength and quality for each call drop.
Through drive test, check the interference and signal quality.
Use spectrum analyzer.

Dispose equipment fault (Such as: TRX self-oscillation, antenna inter-modulation).
Coverage problem analysis
Traffic items
In power control measurement function: the average uplink and downlink signal strengths are too low. In receiving level measurement function: a lot of low signal strength
records are found.

In inter cell handover measurement function: the average receiving signal strength are too low when handover is triggered. In call drop measurement: the signal strength is too low when call
drop happens, or the TA volume is abnormal.

In undefined adjacent cell measurement function: the neighbor cells with high average signal strength can be find.
Judgment method
In Power Control measurement: check whether the average distance between MS and BTS comply with design. In power control measurement function: check whether the
maximum distance between MS and BTS have abnormal value in

several continuous periods. In outgoing inter cell handover measurement function: check whether the handover successful rate to some cells is low.
In outgoing inter cell handover measurement function: check the

number of unsuccessful handover with unsuccessful reversion (call drop caused by handover).
Disposing method
Drive test in the expected poor coverage area. Adjust the following parameters based on the drive test results: BTS transmitting power, antenna downtilt and height,
RXLEVEL_ACCESS_MIN.
Add site to guarantee the continuous coverage.
Improper handover (neighbor planning and handover
parameters
Disposing method
Check the handover parameters to see whether there are improper parameter settings. In Inter cell handover measurement function: check whether there are many unsuccessful outgoing cell handover with unsuccessful reversion. In undefined adjacent cell measurement function: check whether the signal strength and the number of measurement reports for the undefined neighbor cell is high.
Unbalanced up-down link (tower amplifier, power amplifier,
and antenna directions)
Disposing method
Analyze up-down link balance measurement function statistics result and confirm whether the uplink and downlink are unbalanced. In call drop measurement function: analyze the average receiving signal strength and quality for both the uplink and downlink. In power control measurement function: analyze the average receiving signal strength for both the uplink and downlink.
Balance between uplink and downlink
All the measurement reports for certain TRX are sorted into
different level, it reflects the traffic volume of the TRX.
When sort the result, modifications are made according to power control, receiving sensitivity of MS and BTS.
Balance between uplink and downlink
All the measurement reports for certain TRX are sorted into
different level, it reflects the traffic volume of the TRX.
When sort the result, modifications are made according to power control, receiving sensitivity of MS and BTS.
Improper radio parameter setting (Radio Link timeout, SACCH
multi-frames)
Judgment method
In system information table: check the radio link timeout counter In cell attribute table: check SACCH multi-frames, and the timer for radio link connection.
Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, tower amplifier, etc.)
Judgment method
In TCH measure function: many TCH seizure failures due to A interface
problem. In call drop measurement function: many call drops due to ground links. In TCH measurement function: many TCH seizure failures due to equipment failure.
Disposing method
Monitor transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A interface PCM synchronization alarm, LAPD link disconnected, TRX alarm); analyze whether transmission is disconnected or some boards have fault (for example, the TRX doesnt work).
Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH Call Drop
SDCCH call drop

---Refer to TCH call drop analysis.
Note: The cause and mechanism of SDCCH call drop are almost the same as TCH.
Traffic Statistics Analysis-Handover
Handover analysis (Analysis diagram)

Low Handover Success Rate
TCH Measurement Function
Handover Measurement Function
Alarm (Clock), Hardware Fault
Incoming Inter Cell Failure
Outgoing Inter Cell Failure
Cause of Failure in BSC
Incoming Inter cell Handover Measurement Function
Outgoing Inter cell Handover Measurement Function
1.Illegal Channels 2.Illegal Carrier 3.Illegal TA 4.Timer out 5.No available channel 6.Others
Handover failure analysis
Causes of handover failure

Improper handover parameters. Hardware fault (TRX board fault). Congestion Interference Coverage Clock fault (Internal clock, external clock)
Handover failure analysis
Disposing method
Find out the cells with low handover successful rate. Find the out the cells with high handover failures. Compare the incoming cell handover failures and outgoing cell
handover failures. Register the task to measure the incoming cell handover and outgoing cell handover. Find out handover failure relation (failure to all the neighbor cells or parts of the neighbor cells).
Improper parameter settings
Disposing method
Check whether the handover parameter threshold such as TA, BQ and handover function switch are suitable or not. Check whether the successful TCH seizures for handover are much
more than successful TCH seizures for call. If handover times

divide by call times is larger than 3, then it indicates that there maybe has Ping-Pong handover. Check the parameter setting and adjust them (layer setting, inter lay handover hysteresis, inter cell
handover hysteresis, PBGT threshold, etc.).

Check whether the average signal strength is low When the handover happens. If it is, it indicate the edge handover threshold are too low.
Hardware fault
Problem description
The target cell has active channels but when applying for the channels, get NACK or TIMEOUT message. TCH availability is abnormal.
If the call drop rate and congestion rate are high, the equipment
may have some fault.
Hardware fault
Disposing process
Monitor transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A interface PCM sync alarm, LAPD link disconnected, power amplifier board, HPA, TRX alarm board, and CUI/FPU alarm).
Analyze whether the transmission is disconnected or the boards

have some fault (for example: the TRX is damaged). Check whether there is a clock alarm.
Congestion
Objects needed to be analyzed

Cells with low incoming handover successful rate. Neighbor of the cell with low incoming handover successful rate.
Trouble locating
In incoming inter cell handover Measurement function: check whether many handover failures caused by congestion. Low incoming handover successful rate: check the cells traffic . Low outgoing handover successful rate: check the neighbor cells traffic.
Congestion
Disposing process
Adjust the cells coverage (adjust BTS transmitting power, RXLEVEL_ACCESS_MIN, RACH access threshold, and the antenna downtilt and height).
Adjust parameters (CRO, load handover parameters, cell priority and

handover parameters). Expand or adjust TRX configuration between high and low traffic cell.
Exercise
Exercise
The index radio handover success rate is the ratio of

successful handovers to handovers. The handovers is the measured when sending or receiving HO_CMD or HO_REQ_RSP in the handover process of handover. Please write down the possible reason why the radio handover success rate between BSC is low.
Exercise
Answer:
There are two kind of outgoing handovers. One is intraBSC

handover, the other is interBSC handover. The possible reasons are list as following. For interBSC handover:
1.If the uplink signal strength of the target cell is low, so MS cant access the target cell. Thus the handover fails 2.If the target cell is a wrong cell that has same BCCH and BSIC as the real target cell, MS will send access request to a wrong cell. Then MS cant access. Thus the handover fails. 3.If the CGI is wrong, MSC will send the handover request with wrong CGI. Then MS will send access request to a wrong cell. It
has the same effect as the above one.
Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH Congestion
TCH congestion
Main causes
Insufficient system capacity Interference Coverage Antenna and feeder problems Improper parameter setting (system information parameters)
Insufficient system capacity or traffic unbalanced
Judgment method
The traffic is high and is unbalanced between cells. There are many channel requests rejection due to channel busy. Incoming Handover Measurement shows that there are too many unsuccessful incoming cell handovers (congestion).
Disposing process
Expand or adjust the configurations between high and low traffic cell. Adjust coverage (adjust BTS transmitting power, antenna direction, downtilt, height, etc.). Adjust parameters (CRO, minimum MS access signal level, enable load handover, cell priorities, handover parameters).
Interference (external and internal interference)
Problem description
Interference brings unacceptable BER which will affects the assignment process. Downlink Interference makes MSs DSC decrease to 0, then MS
reselect to another cell with low signal strength, this is the other
potential reason for TCH seizure failure. If TCH seizures (including handover) minus TCH seizures meet a blocking state is large, then there maybe have some interference.
Disposing process
--Refer to TCH call drop caused by interference.
Antenna and feeder problem
Disposing process
Cell frequency scan: check the measurement results got from main receiving antenna and diversity receiving antenna. In Up-down link balance measurement function: check the
measurement report numbers in each rank.

Check antenna direction, downtilt and connection.
Check the relevant parameters such as RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN,

CRO, BTS transmitting Power, handover threshold etc..
Coverage
-- Refer to coverage analysis for TCH call drop rate.
Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH Congestion
SDCCH congestion
Main causes
Improper parameter settings (system information) Insufficient system capacity Improper LAC planning Interference
Judgment method
Successful immediate assignments / immediate assignment transmissions >85%. The above formula shows the ratio between number of EST_IND
messages that MS sends to BSC and the immediate assignment

commands that BSC sends to BTS. It indicate whether theres some improper parameters in the system information.
Disposing process
Adjust the access parameters (Random access error threshold,
RACH access threshold, Max. retrans, Tx-integer). Adjust the Location Update related parameters (dual-band network parameters such as CRO, cell reselection hysteresis, T3212).
Insufficient system capacity
Problem description
Many location updates happen at the border of different location areas. Massive location updates happen suddenly.
Disposing method
Properly plan the location area Configure more SDCCH Use SDCCH dynamic allocation Add more TRX
Improper LAC planning

The border of different location area is the street.

The border of different location area is at the high traffic area.
Interference
Problem description
RACH threshold is low. At the same time, there is some interference in the system, which will bring a lot of illusory SDCCH channel requests.
Disposing process
Properly set the RACH threshold Eliminate interference
Course Contents

Case Study-One (Handover)
Fault description
Handover successful rate is always very low because of the

congestion (about 70%) --Refer to busy hour traffic statistics on next page.
In the evening of 3th. Dec, site D located at urban is expanded from S2/2/2 to S3/3/3. Busy hour handover successful rate doesnt got improved after expansion. Sometimes handover successful rate is lower than before, at the same time lots of users complain the networks quality. --Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 3th. Dec.
Traffic statistics for 24th.Nov

handover radio handover
Cell success rate 53.41% 49.82% success rate 90.02% 93.98%
Intra BSC
incoming
Intra BSC
incoming (others) 18 2
TCH
congestion
handover failures handover failures (no channel available ) 397 389 47.53% 67.23%
D1 D2
D3
57.67%
61.25% 78.40% 77.14% 76.36% 66.22% 92.73% 83.25% 83.48%
90.06%
91.67% 89.07% 93.80% 76.36% 88.10% 94.44% 91.91% 95.53%
314
502 0 0 0 26 0 0 0
51
25 33 20 12 63 2 6 5
48.31%
40.61% 0 0 0 5.33% 0 0 0.75%
C3
A2 A3 F2 E1 E2 E3 B3
Traffic
statistics for 13th.Dec

Intra BSC
incoming

Cell success rate success rate
Intra BSC
incoming (others)
TCH
congestion
handover failures handover failures (no channel available )
D1 D2
D3 C3 A2 A3 F2 E1 E2 E3 B3
49.75%
56.48% 65.92% 60.58% 70.55% 68.02% 60.61% 63% 61.77% 50.3% 78.60%
52.95%
58.56% 66.08% 66.3% 71.71% 68.95% 60.61% 64.08% 62.69% 50.3% 82.45%
17
1 0 113 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
246
161 86 166 0 0 13 55 20 0 11
5.27%
0.58% 22.37% 0.00% 1.06% 0.00% 0.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.34%
Site location
Analyze
Analyze traffic statistics before expansion and after expansion,

we find handover failure caused by congestion. Radio handover success rate is normal before expansion. In Urban area many cells radio handover success rate decreased after expansion, therefore we conclude that the cause of handover failure after expansion has been changed. Analyze urban sites location diagram, we find lots of cells radio handover successful rate are low and these cells have handover relationship with site D. Therefore we think the handover problem should cause by site D.
Analyze
After we check hardware of site D through maintenance console,

we find the state of TMU board is abnormal and clock is unstable. Finally we affirm the low handover success rate is caused by the wrong setting of switches in TMU board. Of course, the high call drop rate is caused by handover failure.
The day after processing , busy hour handover success rate is higher than 90%. So the problem is solved. --Refer to busy hour traffic statistics of 17th. Dec.
Traffic
statistics for 17th.Dec

Intra-BSC
incoming

Cell success rate success rate
Intra-BSC
incoming (others)
TCH
congestion
handover failures handover failures (no channel available )
D1 D2
D3 C3 A2 A3 F2 E1 E2 E3 B3
86.58%
93.09% 95.57% 86.84% 88.43% 92.56% 98.47% 93.69% 93.55% 97.40% 91.80%
95.90%
96.88% 96.79% 95.94% 91.51% 94.12% 89.47% 95.59% 93.55% 97.45% 96.89%
47
10 0 80 1 0 0 1 0 0 10
10
15 10 7 21 6 1 6 2 1 1
13.00%
3.40% 0.00% 18.26% 0.48% 0.00% 0.00% 1.44% 0.00% 0.00% 7.92%
Conclusion and suggestion
Pay attention to the difference between radio handover success

rate and handover success rate can help us to locate handover problem efficiently.
Handover problem sometimes accompanies with call drop and others, it is a important clew for locating and solve the problem.
Case Study-Two (Call drop)
Fault description
When we analyze the traffic statistics, we find that one cells call
drop rate is very high, call drop rate in busy hour is large than 2%.
In cell call drop measurement function: we find that the average uplink level of call drop is 1 (-109dBm), while the downlink level is 26 (-84dbm). High call drop rate is caused by unbalance between uplink and downlink.
In up-down link balance measurement function: we find one TRX is normal, but theres some problem for another TRX. Times of level 1 is 0, while times of level 11 is 5833, it means downlink is better than uplink.
Analyze
We exclude the problem of antenna and feeders problem

because only one TRX is abnormal. Therefore we think that the problem maybe caused by the uplink channel of TRX and CDU.
After we change the CDU, the problem is solved.
To find the cause of call drop, we should register the following

useful traffic statistics: 1. TCH measurement function 2. Call drop measurement function 3. Inter cell handover measurement function 4. Up-down link balance measurement function By analyzing the result of the above traffic statistics to locate the
cause of the call drop (handover, interference, coverage etc.)

and then register more detailed traffic measurement task.
DT also is a effective method to solve call drop problem.
Case Study-three (SDCCH blocking)
Fault description
In the network, the radio link connection successful rate is low.

After analyzing the traffic statistics, we find that it caused by SDCCH congestion and the congestion only exists in a few sites.
Analyze traffic statistics we find that for the congested cell, attempted SDCCH seizures are from 300 to 400 in a certain hour. The configuration for all of the BTS is S1/1/1. Each cell have one SDCCH/8 channels. Normally, it can deal with 300400 SDCCH seizures. But it is very strange that there are dozens of SDCCH congestion at busy hour.
Analyze
Register SDCCH measurement function and analyze the result,

we find that most of the SDCCH seizure are used for location update. After we analyze the site distribution, we find that the congested BTS are located at the cross area of two location area along railway. So we think that SDCCH congestion shall be caused by massive location update.
Analyze
In SDCCH measurement function: we find that most of the

location update happened in the specific 5 minutes. After querying the train timetable we find that 4 or 5 trains pass by in this period. When the trains pass by, a large amount of location updates happen suddenly. After adding more fixed SDCCH and switching on Dynamic SDCCH allocation function, the problem is solved.
For SDCCH congestion, firstly, we should register SDCCH

measurement function, and analyze the traffic statistics to find the cause of the problem (Location update, SDCCH handover, call setup etc.).
Then check the parameter settings, interference, location area planning etc., to do further analysis.
Add SDCCH channel or enable dynamic SDCCH allocation function can solve the congestion caused by insufficient capacity.
Set the parameter and plan the location area properly to decrease the SDCCH congestion.

Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1 5

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Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1 5

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OMF000503 Traffic Statistics Analysis

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics

Often-used traffic statistics items analysis

Main Structure of Traffic Statistics System

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Advanced global Pre-set counters design

Once the host starts, the global counters begin to work at

Abundant and powerful statistics functions

Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Task list management

BSC traffic statistics platform provide the function of registering

Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Template management provides the function of Defining item

Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

is 200. What is the maximum number of subtasks each module.

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

TCH Blocking Rate

TCH Blocking Rate (excluding handover) = (TCH seizure

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

TCH Blocking Rate

TCH Blocking Rate (including handover) = (TCH seizure failures

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

SDCCH Blocking Rate

SDCCH Blocking Rate = times of attempted seizures meeting

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

TCH Call Drop Rate

TCH Call Drop Rate = TCH Call Drops / Successful TCH

SDCCH Call Drop Rate

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate

Radio Link Call Setup Successful Rate =(1-TCH Blocking Rate)

Note: A key index that show the performance of radio service.

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

Handover Successful Rate

inter Cell Handover Success Rate = (Successful incoming

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

Handover Successful Rate

Inter Cell Radio Handover Success Rate =(Successful Incoming

Write down the key items of the network

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

MTP Measurement Function

BSC Measurement Function SCCP Measurement Function

Cell Measurement Function

A-interface Operation and management statistic

Site Initialization Measurement

BSC Cell Broadcast

A-interface Trunk Board

CPU Measurement Function

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

BTS Initial Measurement

Defined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function

Cell Broadcast Statistic

Receiving Quality Measurement Receiving Level Measurement

Incoming Inter cell handover Measurement Function

Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function

LAPD Link Measurement

GPRS Related Measurement Function

Cell Frequency Scan

Brief introduction to BSC traffic statistics

Regular traffic statistics items analysis

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

From upper to bottom