5 Advanced Encryption Standards

Advanced Encryption Standard
5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

The Origins of AES
AES Evaluation
5.2. The AES Cipher
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Origins
Replacement for DES was needed
Theoretical attacks that can break it
Demonstrated exhaustive key search attacks
Can use Triple DES but slow, small block size
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NIST issued a call for a new AES in 1997

15 candidates accepted in Jun 1998
5 candidates were short-listed in Aug 1999
Rijndael was selected as the AES in Oct 2000
Published as FIPS PUB 197 standard in Dec 2001
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AES Requirements
Symmetric block cipher
128-bit data, 128/192/256-bit keys
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AES Evaluation Criteria

Initial criteria:
Security effort for practical cryptanalysis
Cost in terms of computational efficiency (speed, memory)
Algorithm & implementation characteristics - flexibility,
algorithm simplicity
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Final criteria:
General security
Ease of software & hardware implementation
Flexibility (in en/decrypt, keying, other factors)
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Advanced Encryption Standard
5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

The Origins of AES
AES Evaluation
5.2. The AES Cipher
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The AES Cipher - Rijndael
Designed by Rijmen-Daemen in Belgium
Block length: 128 bits
Key length: 128/192/256 bits
Number of Rounds: 10/12/14 rounds
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An iterated cipher:
Processes data as block of 4 columns of 4 bytes
Operates on entire data block in every round
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Rijndael was designed to have the

following characteristics:
Resistance against all known attacks
Speed and code compactness on a wide range of
platforms
Design simplicity
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AES Structure
Key Scheduling
Message Encoding
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Example:
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AES Structure
Add Round Key : Initial Round Key
Transformation (For 9 Rounds)
1. Sub Bytes
2. Shift Rows
3. Mix Columns
4. Add Round Keys
Transformation (10th Round Key)
1. Sub Bytes
2. Shift Rows
3. Add Round Keys
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AES Structure
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Example:
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Sub Bytes Table
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Inverse Sub Bytes Table
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Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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Key Expansion
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Firstly, the original 16-byte key is copied into the first 4 words of the expanded
key (i.e, the first 4x4 array of our diagram) as shown below:
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Given:
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Circular Shift column 1
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Sub Bytes Table
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Fill rest of the column
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Message Encoding
Step: 1 : Initial Round: Add Round Key
X- OR
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Message Encoding
Step 2 : Transformation
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Message Encoding
Transformation : Step 1 : Sub Bytes
Input:
Check Each cell of the table in S-BOX table
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Sub Byte Table
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Check all the cells and fill as above said manner
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Message Encoding
Transformation : Step 2 : Shift Rows
Input:
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Message Encoding
Transformation : Step 3 : Mix Columns
Input:
Constant Matrix:
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(d4* 02)+(bf*03)+(5d*01)+(30*01)
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Message Encoding
Transformation : Step 4 : Add Round Key
Input:
O/p from step 3 of Trans. =
Round 1 Key =
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X-OR
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X-OR
X-OR
X-OR
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Link for animated AES

http://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs38105/blockciphers/rijndaelingles 2004.swf
Otherwise in google type
animated AES and open first link
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5 Advanced Encryption Standards

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Advanced Encryption Standard

5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

5.2. The AES Cipher

NIST issued a call for a new AES in 1997

AES Evaluation Criteria

Advanced Encryption Standard

5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

5.2. The AES Cipher

The AES Cipher - Rijndael

Designed by Rijmen-Daemen in Belgium

Block length: 128 bits

Key length: 128/192/256 bits

Number of Rounds: 10/12/14 rounds

Rijndael was designed to have the

Sub Bytes Table

Inverse Sub Bytes Table

Circular Shift column 1

Sub Bytes Table

Fill rest of the column

Check Each cell of the table in S-BOX table

Sub Byte Table

Check all the cells and fill as above said manner

Link for animated AES

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