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RE111 STherm
RE111 STherm
RE111 STherm
Frank R. Leslie,
B. S. E. E., M. S. Space Technology, LS IEEE
2/12/2010, Rev. 2.0 fleslie @fit.edu; (321) 674-7377 www.fit.edu/~fleslie
http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Solar/Tesla/Experimentor_1916_Solar_Article.pdf
In Other News . . .
Senate passed the energy bill; now consolidation with House bill forms a new H.R.1 bill at $789B
Some rail enhancements, some renewables, some RE job training In Florida, push to regulate tailpipe emissions starting with new models in 2013 (CAF standards) that will lead to more electric and hybrid cars Push to approve FPSC recommendations to require utilities to produce 20% power from RE by 2020 and 7% by 2013 FPL decides to build 10 MWp solar thermal plant at KSC
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11.1.1 Overview of Solar Thermal Systems Solar thermal systems convert sunlight to heat Categorized by reflector/collector types None; uses lens; regular or Fresnel Flat mirror (possibly many of them) Parabolic/cylindrical: single axis forms trough Paraboloidal: axis of revolution forms dish Spherical: approximates paraboloid, but focus can move to track sun
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11.1.6 Balance of System 11.1.7 Food Processing and Cookers 11.1.8 Advantages and Disadvantages 11.2 Conclusion
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Arizona has clearer skies than Florida. Ref.: Innovative Power Systems
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From www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-images/solar.jpeg
Trombe Wall absorbs solar heat and stores it Glass wall plus water barrels often used Warmed air is slowly released into the building at night Water heater with roof solar collector (I like mine) Food dryers circulate warmed air over cut food to remove moisture and preserve it; dried fruit, etc. Wood dryers cure green wood to reduce shrinkage after it is cut to size (manufactured)
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Sustainable Living and Renewable Energy Fair at Ft. Collins CO, 2003
http://www.dal.ca/~arch/architecture/visitors/faculty/procos/solarhouse.htm
http://hem.dis.anl.gov/eehem/picts/93050710.gif
Ingenious designs allow a standard water heater tank to be used by tapping the safety thermostat port and the drain port
Industrial-grade Parabolic Heaters Multiples of collectors used to achieve more Btus Used at schools, prisons, or military bases
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http://www.open.ac.uk/StudentWeb/t265/update/solar.htm
http://www.solarpond.utep.edu/
http://wg
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http://freespace.virgin.net/gareth.james/astro/alevel/parabolic.gif
Cylindrical reflector can be on one half of the vacuum tube and approximates the parabolic shape
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Y = 3/16 * X2
The focus at one spot is achieved by the parabolic cross-section Flat mirror segments may be used to approximate the curve at much lower expense
http://www.mellesgriot.com/glossary/wordlist/glossarydetails.asp?wID=186
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SEGS are a well developed design, and thus the systems may be reproduced and installed readily FPL owns California plants in the Mohave Desert There are ten SEGS in all
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http://www.ecobuild.info/renewable/solar/segs.jpg
11.1.5.1 SEGS (Solar Electricity Generation System) Luz International, an Israeli company, built these nine large systems in California Luz went bankrupt in 1991, but the systems are still supplying power Sunray Energy, Inc is an owner FPL Energy Group is the owner of SEGS III through IX
engnet.anu.edu.au
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http://www.eere.energy.gov/troughnet/deployed.html
http://www.ecobuild.info/renewable/solar/segs.jpg
This large array shows the gaps needed to keep one row from shadowing the next row Note the flexible pipe at this end that circulates the thermal oil regardless of the tilt angle In the background is the control and engineering building
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www.me.washington.edu/~malte/engr342
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www.me.washington.edu/~malte/engr342
The focus pipe has flexible pipes on the ends to allow rotary motion to track the sun, while the absorber pipe is kept at the heat focus
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http://www.eurotrough.com/downloads/EuroTroughPaperZurich2002_web.pdf
Each pair of tubes forms a loop from the central manifolds The power block is centrally located to minimize thermal losses Oil is heated to ~500C
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http://www.eurotrough.com/downloads/EuroTroughPaperZurich2002_web.pdf
Flat mirrors are aimed to focus sun at the receiver target to melt salt
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www.me.washington.edu/~malte/engr342
5 MW power
http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/solarthermal/NSTTF/tower1.htm
11.1.4.2.4 Solar Power Towers: Sandia CRTF The large tank stores energy to use during cloud passage or at dusk The output power is extracted at a constant rate
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http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/solarthermal/NSTTF/feature.htm
http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/solarthermal/nsttf.html
Disks of thin aluminized mylar are pulled into rings under slight vacuum to form a paraboloidal surface
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11.1.5.3.1
These Sandia trackers have a paraboloidal dish surface similar to a radar antenna
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http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/solarthermal/NSTTF/dishes.htm
Collins 1_29
The Suns changing position requires moving the focus during the day Solar noon elevation changes annually as the sun declination angle changes Massive structures require high power to move them The STTF has 11-meter reflectors Lighter components can move suns image Structures have a lot of sail area, and high winds could damage the reflectors Reflectors are moved to a vertical stow position that minimizes wind torques when weather warnings arise
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Separate trays allow keeping fruits or nuts of the same dryness together for processing
http://www.arc.agric.za/institutes/ili/main/publications/dryer.htm
The glass or plastic top allows sunlight in but reflects infrared energy back onto the food The food is in the thick end of the box
http://www.avinsolar.com/dryer.htm
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11.1.7.2.1 Solar Coffee Bean Dryers Coffee is normally dried on open tables in the sun These solar dryers were built to speed the process
Heat retention increases the inside air temperature Materials are inexpensive and local workers can build the driers
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http://www.resource-solutions.org/GGIfcoffeegallery.htm
11.1.7.2.2 Solar Coffee Bean Roaster The Solar Roast coffee company built and uses this segmented mirror to heat the receiver and roast the coffee (incredibly expensive) Roasting coffee beans sound like popcorn popping
They will move from Oregon to Southern Colorado for more sun and year-around operation Find out more at www.solarroast.com or their ad in Home Power magazine (not a paid announcement!)
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http://www.solarroast.com/news.html
The polished aluminum wings provide more reflected light energy into the box to increase the temperature to about 270 F
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http://www.cuisinesolaire.com/F/cuiseurs.htm
Solar pancakes from two reflectors that are offset sections of a paraboloid
http://www.cuisinesolaire.com/E/Benicarlo.htm
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Questions?
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References: Books
Brower, Michael. Cool Energy. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 1992. 0-262-02349-0, TJ807.9.U6B76, 333.7940973. Duffie, John and William A. Beckman. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 920 pp., 1991 Patel, Mukund R. Wind and Solar Power Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999, 351 pp. ISBN 0-8493-1605-7, TK1541.P38 1999, 621.312136 Srensen, Bent. Renewable Energy, Second Edition. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000, 911 pp. ISBN 0-12-656152-4.
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Slide stockpile follows! Older slides follow this one. Look at these if you have interest or time. Its difficult to decide what to leave out of the lecture to save time!