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Solar Interference
Solar Interference
Solar Interference
Direct or reflected sunlight can saturate receivers or tracking sensors Primarily affects East/West links Duration and frequency of outages dependent upon global location of link Outages typically on the order of minutes Outage frequency and duration wavelength dependent
Irradiance (W/m^2-nm)
Sunlight
10 0
30 0
50 0
70 0
90 0
11 00
13 00
15 00
17 00
Wavelength (nm)
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19 00
Challenges
Transceiver Design
Transceiver Design
Choosing a Wavelength
FSO (30-400 THz)
Visible Light
UltraViolet
Infrared
Millimeter Wave
Microwave
Radio
~400700nm
300 GHz
30 GHz
10 GHz
Typical FSO Wavelengths 785-850 nm 1550 nm 10000nm (10 micron) ~380 THz ~190 THz ~30 THz
Transceiver Design
Choosing a Wavelength
Wavelength (nm) 785-850 Advantages Low Cost High Sensitivity/Large Area Silicon Detectors Disadvantages Relatively Easy to Detect Close to Visible Wavelengths
1550
10000
Transceiver Design
Narrow Divergence
Stronger signal at the receiver Longer range Higher availability Requires automatic pointing and tracking for building motion
Security Considerations
Wider beams are easier to intercept
Transceiver Design
Receiver
FOV is the receivers equivalent of divergence If light doesnt originate within the defined cone, the receiver wont see it (e.g., Laser 2) Smaller FOV means less noise entering system Small FOV makes interference highly unlikely
Transceiver Design
Laser
Transceiver Design
Transceiver Design
10
Transceiver Design
Fiber Coupling
Light is focused onto the end of a fiber
Eventually the fiber connects to a detector -May be after several FSO links Fiber requires a small FOV
Detector
Fiber
11