UNIT-3-STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY

Statistical Process Control

Statistical Process Control (SPC) can be thought of as the application of statistical methods for the purposes of quality control and improvement. Quality Improvement is perhaps foremost among all areas in business for application of statistical methods.

Control Charts: Recognizing Sources of Variation Why Use a Control Chart?

To monitor, control, and improve process performance over time by studying variation and its source.

What Does a Control Chart Do?

Focuses attention on detecting and monitoring process variation over time; Distinguishes special from common causes of variation, as a guide to local or management action; Serves as a tool for ongoing control of a process; Helps improve a process to perform consistently and predictably for higher quality, lower cost, and higher effective capacity; Provides a common language for discussing process performance.

Introduction to Control Charts

Basic Principles
A typical control chart has control limits set at values such that if the process is in control, nearly all points will lie within the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL).

Introduction to Control Charts

Basic Principles

Introduction to Control Charts

Basic Principles A process that is operating with only chance causes of variation present is said to be in out of control. A process that is operating in the presence of assignable causes is said to be statistical control- easily traced/detected The eventual goal of SPC is the elimination of variability in the process.

Control Chart- Variations

It is a graphical representation of the collected information. Control chart is a device which specifies the state of statistical control, second a device for attaining statistical control, and third a device to judge whether statistical control has been attained.

Commonly used Control charts

Control charts for variablesX, R and sigma charts Control charts for attributes Control charts for fraction defective- P chart Control charts for number of defects per unitC chart.

Objectives of Control Charts

X chart shows the centering of the process R chart show variation in the ranges of samples Sigma chart shows variation of the process Control charts shows whether a given process can meet the existing specifications without a fundamental change in the production process

Objectives of Control Charts

To secure information when it is needed to widen the tolerances To secure information when it is needed to widen the tolerances To secure information to be used in establishing or changing inspection procedure To familiarize personnel with the use of control charts

Important uses of the control chart 1. Most processes do not operate in a state of statistical control 2. Consequently, the routine and attentive use of control charts will identify assignable causes. If these causes can be eliminated from the process, variability will be reduced and the process will be improved 3. The control chart only detects assignable causes. Management, operator, and engineering action will be necessary to eliminate the assignable causes.