Welding Metallurgy

Eutectic Division Larsen & Toubro Limited Powai Mumbai

Contents
Lattice Structures and Properties To know About the Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagrams Time Transformation Diagrams Heat Treatment Procedures Reducing the ill effects of Welding Carbon Equivalent and its effect Basic Metals welding Problems and Remedies

Lattice Structures

Structures
In an Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagram
Ferrite Pearlite

Austenite
Cementite

Martensite

Ferrite
It has a BCC Structure
It is Magnetic

Ductile
Moderate Strength

Less Corrossion Resistant

Ferrite Lattice Structure

Pearlite
It is a Combination of Ferrite and Cementite and it is moving towards a Compound Steaks of Ferrite and Cementite Combines the Features of Ferrite and Cementite
Ferrite Cementite

Austenite
It has a FCC structure Good Strength Work hardening in nature Doesnt exist at Room temperature Good Corrosion Resistance High temperature Properties.

Austenite Lattice Structure

Face Centered Cubic

Cementite
It is a Carbide of Iron
Hard Brittle

Fe- C Equilibrium Diagram

Effects of Cooling

Time Temperature Transformation Diagrams

Effect of Alloying Elements

Increases Mechanical Properties
Strength Corrosion Resistance High temperature Properties Hardenability

Forms Martensite Easily even on Controlled Cooling.

Carbon Equivalent
Converting the effect of Other alloying elements into Carbon effect.
C. E = C% + Cr % + Mn% + Ni % + Mo% + V% + 5 6 15 3 1 2 More the Carbon Equivalent more the Problems in Welding

Weld Metal Interface

Unmixed zone Composite Zone
Partially mixed zone

Base Metal

Heat affected zone

Base Metal Cracks in the HAZ

Reducing ill Effects of Welding

By Preheating
By Postheating

By heavy Peening
Usage of Ductile Electrode Low Temperature Welding

Heat Treatment Procedures

Heat Treatment

Annealing
Normalising Tempering

Thank You