Chapter 9.1 November 6, 2012 Ms.

Rapson

I.

II.
III. IV.

V.
VI.

Introduction Religion Temperance Movement Public Education Prison Reform Utopian Communities

Introduction II. Religion

I.

Second Great Awakening b. Growth in Church Membership c. Protestant Revivals

a.

III. Temperance Movement IV. Public Education

Prison Reform VI. Utopian Communities

V.

 Evangelical
The Christian Bible is the final authority
Salvation can be achieved only through a personal belief

in Jesus People demonstrate faith by leading a transformed life and by performing good deeds.
Democratic
Rejected the Puritan belief that God predetermined

peoples lives and placed them in rigid social ranks. Believed that God was all-powerful but that God allowed people to make their own destinies.

Introduction II. Religion III. Temperance Movement

I.
a. b.

Why? Did it work?

IV. Public Education

Prison Reform VI. Utopian Communities

V.

 An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol

consumption Valued self-control and self-discipline Saw alcoholism as a threat to family life Formed reform groups such as the American Temperance Society Abstinence: to refrain from doing something Also worked to ban the sale of alcohol. In 1851, Maine became the first state to ban manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

Introduction II. Religion III. Temperance Movement IV. Public Education

I.
a. b. c.

Horace Mann Moral Education Did it work?

Prison Reform VI. Utopian Communities

V.

 Working-class and middle-class citizens argued that

democracy could not survive without literate, informed voters and morally upright citizens Others argued that they need their children to work for additional income; also argued against taxes that would pay for public schools

 Massachusetts first secretary of the Board of

Education in 1837 Believed that everyone had the right to an education Established free education in Massachusetts from taxes and separate grade levels By the 1850s, most northern states had free elementary schools and in the 1860s, many states started funding public high schools

 Education that promoted self discipline and good

citizenship Taught students how to behave, stand in line and wait their turn, deal with each other politely, and respect authority

I.

II.
III. IV.

V.
a.

Introduction Religion Temperance Movement Public Education Prison Reform

b.

Mentally ill Rehabilitation vs. punishment

VI. Utopian Communities

 Prisons created in the 1800s to keep criminals separate

from society in hopes that they would reflect on their sins and become law-abiding citizens Dorothy Dix, a Boston schoolteacher, visited prisons in the 1840s and discovered that prisoners were housed in crowded prisons, dressed in rags, poorly fed, and chained together in unheated cells No treatment for mentally ill Convinced Massachusetts to improve prison conditions and create mental institutions; 15 other states built mental hospitals

2008

I.

II.
III. IV.

V.
VI.

Introduction Religion Temperance Movement Public Education Prison Reform Utopian Communities

 Small societies dedicated to perfection in social and

political conditions Disturbed by effects of urban and industrial growth New Harmony, Indiana: founded by well-educated people; failed because of laziness, selfishness, and quarreling Brook Farm near Boston: founded by intellectuals; couldnt make enough money from agriculture; abandoned Hundreds were created; most failed

 You are the financial representative of a new Utopian community You have a budget of $1 million/year Half of your citizens want to use the money to build a prison; the

other half want to build a school. You are the final vote. You can either spend this money each year on a school or a prison. This means that if you choose a school, citizens will police themselves. If you choose prisons, people will have to educate themselves. Consider the consequences of both choices. On a sheet of paper:

What do you build? 2. Why?

1.

I. II.
a. b. c.

Introduction Religion
Second Great Awakening Growth in Church Membership Protestant Revivals

III.
a. b.

Temperance Movement
Why? Did it work?

IV.
a. b. c.

Public Education
Horace Mann Moral Education Did it work?

V.
a. b.

Prison Reform
Mentally ill Rehabilitation vs. punishment

VI.

Utopian Communities