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Cam and Follower Wear
Cam and Follower Wear
RAJEEV G P MM12S010
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION WEAR MECHANISM MODES OF FAILURES MATERIALS USED CONCLUSION REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Cam and follower are used in internal combustion engines to provide a specific prescribed motion to a valve train system. The cam follower motion is complex. Motion of cam is transferred to the follower by direct contact under conditions of high temperature lubrication High contact stress
EFFECT OF WEAR
The valve lift duration during the cycle influences engine performance The intake of charge and exhaust of gases are controlled by respective valves Valve lift motion is controlled by cam and follower movement The wear process at the interface of cam and follower adversely affect the engine performance
WEAR MECHANISM
Break down of lubrication leads to metal to metal contact adhesive wear The cam follower pair is under rolling-sliding contact. The wear caused by surface fatigue because of repetition of contact load
MODES OF FAILURES
Typically 3 modes of failures are observed
MODES OF FAILURES
2. Polish wear (abrasive wear )
This type of wear found in every contacting surfaces Visually mirror finish appearance Dimensional check quantifies wear
MODES OF FAILURES
3. Scuffing (adhesive wear) Severe form of wear Break down of lubrication; high degree of relative motion Local welding of two heavy loaded surfaces Tearing apart of welded material
SEVERITY OF WEAR
Scuffed surfaces are associated with white layer Pitting may not affect running behaviour until it promote scuffing
MATERIALS USED
Cam shaft
Cast iron is widely used for large volume production - grey cast iron - chilled cast iron - nodular cast iron - malleable cast iron
MATERIALS USED
Cam shaft
MATERIALS USED
Followers chilled cast iron is widely used
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carburizing
Applicable to low carbon steels Diffused carbon increases the surface hardness
Chromium coating & carbo-nitriding of cam follower These coatings are against scuffing wear Upper surface remelting method Application of technical ceramics, composites, hard sintered metals
SUMMARY
Engine performance depends on cam and follower movement. Cam and follower surfaces which are in dynamic contact suffer from different types of wear Scuffing is the most deleterious wear process Different cast irons and steel are used for manufacturing of camshaft and followers Several surface treatment methods are used for improving wear resistance of cam and follower
REFERENCES
T.S. Eyre , B. Crawley ,Camshaft and cam follower materials, Tribology international August 1980, 147-152 Nagaraj Nayak, P.A. Lakshminarayanan, M.K. Gajendra Babu, A.D. Dani, Predictions of cam follower wear in diesel engines, Wear 260 (2006) 181192 J. Michalski, J. Marszalek, K. Kubiak,An experimental study of diesel engine cam and follower wear with particular reference to the properties of the materials, Wear 240 (2000),168179