Black in colour Bright in Nature

By B.Gopal 05-08-4124L

Introduction

History and experimental Discovery

Preparative methods

Applications
Advantages and Limitations Reference Queries

 It is the thinnest known material in the universe,

and the strongest ever measured, wrote University of Manchester physicist Andre Geim. Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet. The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is about 0.142 nm. 3million Graphene sheets would be only one millimeter thick of Graphite.

 The term graphene first appeared in 1987 to describe

single sheets of graphite. Theory of graphene was first explored by Philip R Wallace in 1947 as a starting point for understanding the electronic properties of more complex, 3D graphite. Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov at Manchester University managed to extract single-atom-thick crystallites (graphene) from bulk graphite in 2004.

 In 2004, the Russian researchers obtained graphene

by mechanical exfoliation of graphite.

The researchers simplified the technique and started

using dry deposition.

There were a number of previous attempts to make

atomically thin graphitic films vary by using exfoliation techniques.

 Yet another method of obtaining graphene is to

heat silicon carbide to high temperatures (>1100 C) to reduce it to graphene. Epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide can be patterned using standard microelectronics methods. Many important graphene properties have been identified in graphene produced by this method. For example, the electronic band-structure (so-called Dirac cone structure) has been first visualized in this material.

 Touch screens Solar cells Energy-storage devices Cell phones High-sped computer chips Nano Tubes and Ribbons Ultra capacitors

 Very small in size

Highly flexible
Can be used as 1D,2Dand 3D Very high conductivity

Super conductor at room temperature .,etc

Comparatively very few disadvantages

 H. P. Boehm, R. Setton, E. Stumpp (1994). "Nomenclature

and terminology of graphite intercalation compounds". Pure and Applied Chemistry H. C. Schniepp, J.-L. Li, M. J. McAllister, H. Sai, M. Herrera-Alonso, D. H. Adamson, R. K. Prudhomme, R. Car, D. A. Saville, I. A. Aksay (2006). "Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets Derived from Splitting Graphite Oxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry P. Boehm, A. Clauss, G. O. Fischer, U. Hofmann (1962). "Das Adsorptionsverhalten sehr dnner Kohlenstoffolien". Zeitschrift fr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie www.wikipedia.org/graphene