Centro Escolar University Makati Nursing Program

DIET

Clear Liquid Diet

Full liquid Diet

Advanced Full Liquid

PURPOSE This diet is indicated for the postoperative patient's first feeding when it is necessary to fully ascertain return of gastrointestinal function. It may also be used during periods of acute illness. In cases of food intolerance , and to reduce colon fecal matter for diagnostic procedures. This diet is used when a patient is unable to chew or swallow solid food because of extensive oral surgery, facial injuries, esophageal strictures, and carcinomas of the mouth and esophagus if may be used to transition between a clear liquid and a regular diet for the post-surgical patient This diet may be prescribed to meet the nutritive requirements of a patient who must receive a fullliquid diet for an extended period of time or who has undergone oral surgery and must have foods which can pass through a straw

FOOD EXAMPLE Coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit Juice (Apple. Grape), Popsicle, Gelatin, Sugar, Honey, Hard Candy

All foods in clear liquid diet plus: Milk And Milk Drinks, Puddings, Custards, Ice Cream, Vegetables Juices, Cream, Butter, Margarine, and Egg And Yogurt.

Blended,thinned and strained meat, potatoes, and vegetables.

Tonsillectomy This diet is used following a tonsillectomy and and Cold Liquids. Gelatins, Ice Cream, adenoidectomy (T&A).It is also used when only fluids Adenoidectomy Sherbet, And Milk or soothing foods in liquid f or m are tolerated Cold Liquid Diet All foods in clear and full liquid diet The soft diet is prescribed for patients unable to plus: Meat, fish, Poultry,Scrambled tolerate regular diet. It is part of the progressive Soft Diet Eggs, Omelet, Mashed Potatoes, stages of diet therapy after surgery or during recovery Squash, Cooked Vegetables, from an acute illness. Avocado, Banana

Liberal Bland Diet

Low Fat Diet

Sodium Restricted Diet

BRAT Diet (Banana, Rice, Apple sauce, Toast)

NDCF (No Dark Colored Foods)

Milk and other dairy products, low-fat only, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, breads, crackers, and pasta, whitefish and shellfish that are steamed, backed or grilled with no added fat Lettuce, Carrots, Tomatoes. Strawberries, Fat restricted diets may be indicated in diseases of the Spinach, eggwhites, Baked Potatoes, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas in which disturbances of Grapes, Oatmeal cookie, Watermelon, the digestion and absorption of fat may occur light tuna fish (Canned in Water) ,Green [pancreatitis, post-gastrointestinal surgery, cholelithiasis, and cystlc fibrosis). Peas, Wheat Bread, Rice The purpose of the sodium-restricted dietis to promote All yeast breads, homemade waffles, loss of body fluids for patients who are unable to excrete pancakes and biscuits, Plain unsalted the element normally, because of a pathological crackers, Dry cereals, Cooked cereals condition. made without salt, Pastas such BRAT diet comprises of food items that arecomparatively quite bland in taste, easy to digest and have less of fiber and residue in them. Foods that are Banana. rice, apple sauce and toast low in fiber are suggested to be included in the diet of people suffering from diarrheabecause high fiber foods cause gas and thus, result in worsening the ailment. Avoid dark colored foods. This includes red meat (beef, pork. lamb, goat and the No dark colored foods are given to the patient with likes including organ meats. dark leafy or dengue because they are watching for signs of bleeding non-leafy vegetables(swamp which may be seen in the-stool end urine. cabbage/kangkong. okra and the likes), red bellpepper or chilipepper or any-that leaves the body in suchdark or red colors. This diet is indicated for any medical condition requiring treatment for the reduction of gastric secretion such as gastric or duodenal ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis, or hiatal hernia

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR INFANTS

HEALTH EXAMINATIONS Screening of newborns for hearing loss; follow-up at 3 months and early intervention by 6 months and early interventions by 6 months if appropriate. At 2 weeks and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 NUTRITION Breastfeeding to age 12 months Breastfeeding and bottle-feeding techniques Formula preparation Feeding schedule Introduction of solid foods Need for iron supplements at 4 to 6 months

PROTECTIVE MEASURES Immunizations: diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DtaP), inactivated paliovirus vaccine (IPV), pneumococcal, measles-mumos-rubella (MMR) Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB), Hepatitis B (HepB), varicella and influenza vaccines as recommended Fluoride supplements if there is inadequate water fluoridation (less than 0.7 part per million) Screening for tuberculosis Screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other metabolic conditions Prompt attention for illnesses Appropriate skin hygiene and clothing

ELIMINATION Characteristic and frequency of stool and urine elimination Diarrhea and its effect

REST/SLEEP Establish routine for sleep and rest patterns

INFANT SAFETY Importance of supervision Carseal, crib, playpen, bath, and home environment safety measures Feeding measures (e.g. avoid propping bottle) Provide toys with no small parts or sharp edges) Eliminate toxins in the environment (e.g. chemicals, radon, lead, mercury) Use smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors in home

SENSORY STIMULATION Touch: holding, cuddling, rocking Vision: colorful, moving toys Hearing: soothing voice tones, music, singing Play: toys appropriate for development

Kozier and Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR PRE-SCHOOLERS

HEALTH EXAMINATION Every 1 to 2 years NUTRITION Importance of nutritious meals and snacks

PROTECTIVE MEASURES Immunizations: continuing DTap. IPV series, MMR, hepatitis, pneumococcal, influenza. and other immunizations as recommended Screenings for tuberculosis Vision and hearing screening Regular and dental screenings and fluoride treatment

ELIMINATION Teaching proper hygiene (ex. Washing hands after using bathroom

REST/SLEEP Dealing with sleep disturbances ( ex. Night terrors, sleep walking)

PRESCHOOLER SAFETY Educating child about simple safety rules (ex. Crossing the street) Teaching child to play safety (ex. Bicycle and playground safety) Educating to prevent poisoning; exposure to toxic materials

PLAY Providing times for group activities Teaching child simple games that require cooperation and interaction Providing toys and dress- ups for role playing

Kozier & Erb'sFundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR TODDLERS

HEALTH EXAMINATIONS At 15 and 18 months and then as recommended by the primary care provider Dental visit starting at age 3 or earlier NUTRITION Importance of nutritious meals and snacks Teaching simple meal time manners Dental Care

PROTECTIVE MEASURES Immunizations: continuing DtaP, IPV series, pneumococcal, MMR, Haemophilusinfluenza type B, hepatitis A, and influenza vaccines as recommended Screenings for tuberculosis and lead poisoning Fluoride supplements if there is inadequate water fluoridation (less than 0.7 part per million)

ELIMINATION Toilet training techniques

REST/SLEEP Dealing with sleep disturbances

TODDLER SAFETY Home environment safety measures (e.g. lock medicine cabinet) Outdoor safety measures (e.g. close supervision near water) Appropriate toys Eliminate toxins in environment (e.g. pesticides, insecticides, mercury, lead, arsenic in Playground material) Use smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors in home

PLAY Providing adequate space and a variety of activities Toys that allow acting on behaviors and provide motor and sensory stimulation

KOZIER AND ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS Of NURSING 8TH EDITION, VOLUME1, pp. 337

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

HEALTH EXAMINATIONS Annual physical examination or as recommended NUTRITION Importance of child not skipping meals and eating balance diet Experiences with food that may lead to obesity

PROTECTIVE MEASURES Immunizations as recommended (e.g. MMR, meningococcal, tetanus-diptheria, adult preparation [Td]) Screening for tuberculosis Periodic vision, speech, and hearing screenings Regular and dental screenings and fluoride treatment Providing accurate information about sexual feeling; (e.g. reproduction, AIDS)

ELIMINATION Utilizing positive approaches for elimination problems (e.g. enuresis)

SCHOOL-AGED CHILD SAFETY Using proper equipment when participating in sports and other physical activities(e.g. helmets, pads) Encouraging child to take responsibility for own safety (e.g. participating in bicycle and water safety course)

PLAY AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Providing opportunities for a variety of organized group activities Accepting realistic expectations of child's abilities Acting as role mode's in acceptance of other persons who may be different Providing a home environment that limits TV viewing and video games and encourages completion of homework and healthy exercise

KOZIER AND ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS Of NURSING 8TH EDITION, VOLUME1, pp. 337

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINE FOR ADOLESCENTS

HEALTH EXAMINATION As recommended by the primary care provider NUTRITION AND EXERCISE Importance of healthy snacks and appropriate patterns of food intake and exercise. Factors that may lead 'to nutritional problems (e.g., obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia) Balancing sedentary activities with regular exercise.

PROTECTIVE MEASURES Immunizations as recommended. such as adult tetanusdiphtheria vaccine, MMR, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccine Screening for tuberculosis Periodic vision and hearing screenings Regular dental assessments Obtaining and providing accurate Information about sexual Issues

ADOLESCENT SAFETY Adolescent's taking responsibility for using motor vehicles safety (e.g. completing a driver's education course, wearing seatbelt and helmet) Making certain that proper precautions are taken during all athletic activities(e.g. medical supervision, proper equipment) Parent's keeping lines of communication open and being alert to signs of substance abuse and emotional disturbances in the adolescent.

SOCIAL INTERACTION Encouraging and facilitating adolescent success in school Encouraging adolescent to establish relationships that promote discussion of feelings, concerns, and errors Parent's encouraging adolescent peer group activities that promote appropriate moral and spiritual values. Parent's acting as role models for appropriate social interactions Parent's providing a comfortable home environment for appropriate adolescent peer group activities Parent's expecting adolescents to participate in and contribute to family activities.

Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR MIDDLE AGED ADULTS (40 TO 65 YEARS OLD)
HEALTH TESTS AND SCREENINGS Physical Examination (every 3 to 5 years until age 40, then annually) Immunizations as recommended, such as a Tetanus booster every 10 years, and current recommendations for influenza vaccine Regular Dental Assessments (e.g. every 6 month) Tonometry for signs of Glaucoma and other eye diseases every 2 to 3 years or annually if indicated Breast Examination annually by Primary Care Provider Testicular Examination annually by Primary Core Provider Screening for Cardiovascular disease (e.g. blood pressure measurement: electrocardiogram and cholesterol test as directed by the Primary Care Provider) Screenings for Colorectal, Breast, Cervical, Uterine, and Prostate Cancer Screening for Tuberculosis every 2 years Smoking: History and counseling if needed NUTRITION AND EXERCISE Importance of Adequate Protein, Calcium and vitamin in diet Nutritional and Exercise factors that may lead to cardiovascular disease (e.g. obesity, Cholesterol and fat intake, lack of vigorous exercise) An exercise program that emphasizes skill and coordination

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS The possibility of a midlife crisis encourage discussion of feelings, concerns and errors Providing time to expand and preview previous interests Retirement Planning (financial and possible diversional activities), with partner if appropriate

SAFETY Motor Vehicle Safety Reinforcement especially when driving at night Workplace Safety measures Home Safety measures: keeping hallways and stairways lighted and uncluttered, using smoke detectors, using non-skid mats and handrails in the bathrooms

Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDELINES FOR YOUNG ADULTS (20 TO 40 YEARS OLD)

HEALTH TESTSAND SCREENINGS Routing Physical Examination (every 1 to:3 years for females; every 5 years for males) Immunizations as recommended, such as tetanusdiphtheria boosters every 10years, meningococcal vaccine If not given in early adolescence, and hepatitis B vaccine. Regular Dental Assessments (every 6 months) Periodic vision and hearing screenings Professional Breast Examination every 1 to 3 years Papanicolaou Smear annually within 3 years of onset of sexual activity Testicular Examination every year Screening for Cardiovascular disease (e.g. Cholesterol test every 5 years if results are normal; blood pressure to detect Hypertension; baseline Electrocardiogram at age 35) Tuberculosis skin test every 2 years Smoking: History and Counseling if needed NUTRITION AND EXERCISE Importance of adequate Iron Intake in Diet Nutritional and Exercise factors that may lead to cardiovascular disease (e.g. obesity, Cholesterol and fat intake, Lack of vigorous exercise)

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Encouraging Personal Relationships that promote discussion on feelings, concerns and fears Setting short- and long-term goals for work and career choices

SAFETY Motor vehicle Safety Reinforcement (e.g. using designated drivers when drinking, maintaining brakes and tires) Sun protection measures Workplace Safety measures Water Safety Reinforcement(e.g. no diving In shallow water) Importance of adequate Iron Intake in Diet
Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)

HEALTH PROMOTION GUIDLINES FOR ELDERLY

HEALTH TESTS AND SCREENING Total cholesterol and high-density lipid protein measurement every 3 to 5 years until age 75. Aspirin, 81 mg, daily, if in high-risk group. Diabetes mellitus screen every 3 years. If in high-risk group. Smoking cessation. Screening mammogram every 1-2 years (women). Clinical breast exam annually (women). Pap smear annually if there is a history of abnormal smears on previous hysterectomy for malignancy Annually digital rectal exam Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT) Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years; colonoscopy every 10years Visual acuity screen annually Hearing screen annually Depression screen periodically Family violence periodically Height and weight measurements annually Sexually transmitted disease testing, if in high-risk group Annual flu vaccine if over 6.5 or in high-risk group Pneumococcal vaccine at 65 and every 10 years thereafter Td vaccine every 10 years.

SAFETY Home safety measures 10 prevent falls, fire, burns, scalds, and electrocution Working smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors in home Motor vehicle safety reinforcement especially when driving at night Elder driver skills evaluation Precautions to prevent pedestrian accidents NUTRITION AND EXERCISE Importance of a well-balanced diet with fewer calories to accommodate lower metabolic rate and decreased physical activity. Importance of sufficient amounts of vitamin D and calcium to prevent osteoporosis. Nutritional and Exercise factors that may lead to cardiovascular disease (e.g. obesity, Cholesterol and fat intake, lack of exercise) Importance of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily: 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity 3 times per week. ELIMINATION Importance of adequate roughage in the diet, adequate exercise, and at least six 8 ounces of glasses of fluid daily to prevent constipation SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Encouraging intellectual and recreational pursuits Encouraging personal relationships that promote discussion of feelings, concerns and fears. Assessment of risk formal treatment Availability of social community center and program for seniors
Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing (Eight Edition)