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Moral Description
Moral Description
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Morality, as defined in common language, is that aspect of life which has to do with the rightness or wrongness, the goodness or badness, of human action Most common manifestation = JUDGMENTS regarding the goodness or badness of certain acts
Constitutive Elements
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Essential elements which characterize and constitute moral experience of the moral dimension of our experience: 1. ACTION 2. FREEDOM
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3. JUDGMENT
4. UNIVERSALITY 5. OBLIGATION
ACTION
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Constant Tension between what is and what must be, between what he is now and what his being somehow must ultimately be, what his being ought to realize as its proper immanent telos Because of tension, man as moral being is Action Action is the moving of oneself and taking concrete means in view of the goal or end, which is not yet but somehow ought to be
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First and foremost, morality is ACTION, the doing and realizing of what man ought to be
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Man who is considered as morally good is not necessarily one who has expert knowledge about things, but One who expectedly acts with firmness and constancy accdg. to some kind of lived sense of humanity Lived sense of what man must be = practical wisdom
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FREEDOM
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Morality therefore requires man to act. This means morality addresses man as a being who can truly act, who can truly be the cause, the origin and initiator of action, and in this sense, FREE
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In morality, freedom means basically freedom of action Freedom of choice of the means Freedom of choice of intermediate goals Freedom to follow or not mans necessary ultimate end, which whether he chooses it or not, remains his ultimate end
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UNIVERSALITY
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Aspect of the moral dimension by which man experiences himself as answerable to an end and a norm common to all human beings To view things morally is to view things in the eyes of all humanity
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In moral experience, man invariably sees himself together with his fellow human beings as oriented to one common, universal norm
OBLIGATION
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The good does not only present itself as being good for all and universal It presents itself as universally binding and obligatory In moral experience, man experiences himself somehow necessarily bound and necessarily oriented to his final end, in view of which he ought to act Moral obligation = sense of being bound or required, beyond mere inclination or preference, to act in view of which he ought to act
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Obligation
means the state of being bound or required to do or not do something Some kind of ought or imperative
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Types:
Technical = suitable means to chosen goals
Social = smooth relations w/ others or group Legal = contract upon two parties Religious = relation to God Moral =
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Reference: Reyes, Ramon Castillo. Ground and Norm of Morality, Ethics for College Students, AdMU Press, 1989.
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