DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION

for English Foreign Language Learners

Presented by

Shelia Ann Peace English and Communication Skills Instructor _________________ College Prep Year Program
(__________, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

3 December 2012

What Is Differentiated Instruction?

Differentiation means tailoring instruction to meet individual needs. Whether teachers differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. (Carol Ann Tomlinson)
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263/

Carol Ann Tomlinson:

At its most basic level, differentiation consists of the efforts of teachers to respond to variance among learners in the classroom. Whenever a teacher reaches out to an individual or small group to vary his or her teaching in order to create the best learning experience possible, that teacher is differentiating instruction.
http://www.readingrockets.org/article

Teachers can differentiate at least four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile:

(CAROL ANN TOMLINSON)

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Content what the student needs to learn or how the student will get access to the information; Process activities in which the student engages in order to make sense of or master the content; Products culminating projects that ask the student to rehearse, apply, and extend what he or she has learned in a unit; and

Learning environment the way the classroom works and feels.

(Carol Ann Tomlinson)
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263/

CONTENT
Using spelling or vocabulary lists at readiness levels of students; Presenting ideas through both auditory and visual means; Using reading buddies . . .
(Carol Ann Tomlinson)
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263/

PROCESS
Using tiered activities through which all learners work with the same important understandings and skills, but proceed with different levels of support, challenge, or complexity.
(Carol Ann Tomlinson)
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263/

PRODUCTS

Allowing students to work alone or in small groups on their products

(Carol Ann Tomlinson)

http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263/

PROCESS
Using tiered activities through which all learners work with the same important understandings and skills, but proceed with different levels of support, challenge, or complexity.

(Carol Ann Tomlinson)

http://www.readingrockets.org/article/263

EQUATIONS for E.F.L. Learning

Faulty Reasoning Reasoning Faulty Reasoning Faulty
Irrelevant argument (off-topic) Overgeneralization (not always true)

Faulty Reasoning

False analogy (agreement) Circular reasoning (different words / same opinion) Opinion: Rich peopleOpinion: I think he owns a truck. are greedy. Opinion: Dancing is the same as fighting. Opinion: Peter never lies. a rich mansaw him carrying a box outside of the Reason: I read about Reason: I who bought everything that
Reason: Both are done with a partner. and liked; even when he didnt need some he saw Reason: He alwaysthings. the truth. tells 1 box a truck driver 2+2

building.

the same thing

1 person

the whole group

Negative + Positive

good reasoning

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Helping students understand that some learners need to move around to learn, while others do better sitting quietly.
(Tomlinson, 1995, 1999; Winebrenner, 1992, 1996).

Role-Plays / Questions and Answers

INTRAPERSONAL

(critical thinking)

Advantages:

Choosing a College
FACTORS
Disadvantages:

Large or Small College? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Large

or Small College? _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Spatial/Naturalistic Intelligence
PREVIEWING VERBS
begged
cleaned (his) plate begged cleaned (his) plate

PREVIEWING VERBS

greet
hitchhike ignored

greet

Previewing ADVERB
casually

hitchhike ignored

Students dress casually in Mr. Smiths class.

The girls talk casually on their outings. outings.

Spatial/Naturalistic Intelligence
Relative Clauses
Answer the question Who? Or Which one?
(who, that) owhat thing (that, which) olocation (where)
owho

Word forms
immigrate immigration tour tourist tourism culture cultural multicultural multiculturalism
diverse diversify diversity

The woman _______ runs the convenience store is very kind. The person ________ you told me about is on the phone.

Spatial/Naturalistic Intelligence
VOCABULARY LIST
Populations All of the people in an area or country Chemicals that prevent decay Noun Inhabitants, residents Preservatives Noun Additives

VOCABULARY LIST
Solve Theorize
Consume Cure Prevent Eat or drink something; Verb Active use something up Treat an illness successfully Stop something from happening Verb Available Verb Different

Find an answer to a problem To speculate or form a theory about something Eat, drink, use Moving around
Heal, restore to health Able to be used or relied on Stop Unlike something or somebody else

Verb Verb

Unravel; resolve Speculate, think about, guess

Adjective
Adjective
As Adjective a result

Lively, energetic

VOCABULARY LIST
Accessible
Shows cause, reason, Diverse, unusual result Shows addition or similarity Connectors See page 139

Furthermore

Connectors

See page 139

Famous Long-lived Moderate Unpolluted Valid

Very well known Having a long life Not very good or very bad Clean Usable or acceptable until a certain date

Adjective Adjective However Adjective Adjective Adjective Moreover

Well-known, renowned Prolonged Shows contrast or contradiction

Shows addition and similarity Connectors See page 139

In addition

Average, reasonable Uncontaminated

Connectors

See page 139

Official, legitimate Shows addition or similarity

Connectors

See page 139

Nevertheless

Shows contrast or contradiction Shows causes, reasons or result Shows causes, reasons or result

Connectors

See page 139

Therefore Thus

Connectors Connectors

See page 139 See page 139

ORGANIZING

IV. Visualize R esults Option A: P ositive Method

Option B: Negative Method

Option C: Contrast Method

READING: Story Strips

READING: Story Strips

READING: Story Strips

Wikipedia:
Differentiated instruction (sometimes referred to as differentiated learning) involves providing students with different avenues to acquiring content; to processing, constructing, or making sense of ideas; and to developing teaching materials so that all students within a classroom can learn effectively, regardless of differences in ability.

Hands-On Workshop

Story Strips
Involve the student in:

Organizing content Critical thinking

Reading comprehension
Vocabulary input Vocabulary recognition

Vocabulary applications
Interpersonal engagement (cooperation)

Story Strips

Give the student one- to two-page text to use handily: answering textbook questions (vs. flipping back-and-forth through Interactions 1 Reading textbook).

Story Strips
Involve the student in:

Vocabulary recognition Vocabulary applications

Story Strips

Provide:
visual /kinesthetic stimulation FOCUS

DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION
for English Foreign Language Learners

Presented by

Shelia Ann Peace English and Communication Skills Instructor _________________ College Prep Year Program
(__________, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

3 December 2012