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Cell Structure: Cytology Is The Study of Cells
Cell Structure: Cytology Is The Study of Cells
Discovery of Cells
1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork. He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi
He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plants
New cells arise only from other living cells by a process of cell division.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Participate in energy transformations involving ATP Have DNA, making them capable of reproducing themselves Have ribosomes Believed to have once been independent cells according to the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis
ENDOSYMBIOTIC HYPOTHESIS
Centrioles, Basal Bodies, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts All have their own DNA
The nucleus contains DNA. DNA directs synthesis of RNA, which travels to the ribosomes to aid in the manufacture of proteins. Some of these proteins are enzymes which are packaged by Golgi into lysosomes. lysosomes hook up to endosomes (food vacuoles, which are formed after phagocytosis of food particles. The food is digested within the food vacuole by enzymes from the lysosome.
CELL BOUNDARIES
Plasma Membrane Cell Coat or Glycocalyx Cell Wall
Diffusion Demonstration
Diffusionthe movement of a substance from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where is less concentrated. Osmosisthe diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. A selectively permeable membrane is one which allows certain substances to pass and not others (also called differentially permeable or semipermeable).