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CHUAH PEI JIN PETRA LEONG

EDUCATION AND YOUTH EMPLOYMENT:

DEBUNKING SOME MYTHS ABOUT THE URBAN ADVANTAGE

INTRA-CITY INEQUALITIES IN ACCESS TO EDUCATION


People think that issues affecting children and youth connected to living in rural areas and not cities. However not all benefit from the urban advantage as the data collected shown. Urban advantage>>easy access to education, health care and employment

Causes of social inequality in basic education: Poverty cost of education, even some country free education but still need but books uniform Shortage of school facilities some slum areas schools not big enough to accommodate number of children in the area unsafe school environment discrimination against girls

GENDER GAP IN URBAN EDUCATION


Reasons girls get lesser chance in education/ drop out of school in slum areas: Lack of finances - parents cant afford to educate all the children so the boys normally get the priority. Girls stay at the slum area helping out the family while boys go back to rural area to be educated (coz rural area cheaper) Early marriage and pregnancy Domestic work - help to take care of the house and children because parents need to earn a living Poor performance - always have to skip classes

YOUTH EMPLOYED IN INFORMAL SECTION


Not enough work in formal sector so the informal sector grow Most of the youth involved in the informal sector live is slum Its also hard for youth from slums to get work in formal sector cause of the lack of education and some employer discriminate people living in certain areas(slums)

Gender differences in employment Young people from the slum tend to start a family (married) early. Thus the girls have family responsibilities while the man will go out to earn money. The number of married young people in slums are double those in non-slum areas. Consequence of youth unemployment Cause them to entre a cycle of property They become frustrated and may feed political and ideological unrest and provoke violence. Like in the article Immigrants in Paris: Dreams Go Up in flames

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