Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TCE and 1,2-DCE Biotransformation Inside A Biologically Active Zone
TCE and 1,2-DCE Biotransformation Inside A Biologically Active Zone
Chlorinated Solvents
Chlorinated solvents (including PCE and TCE) are a major concern for a number of U.S. industries. Generally resistant to biodegradation under aerobic subsurface conditions. TCE can biodegrade under anaerobic conditions in groundwater to form 1,2-DCE, vinyl chloride, or ethene. Anaerobic biodegradation requires a substrate.
Objectives of Study
Develop a mechanism to account for the rapid decline in concentrations near a source, followed by a slow decline throughout the off-site plume. Incorporate biologically active zone (BAZ) into Bioplume II. Model the biodegradation process for chlorinated hydrocarbons at an actual field site. Test the model against measured field data near the source and in the plume.
BAZ Concept
A
significant co-disposal of substrates has occurred, and significant dechlorination is taking place. Inside the BAZ, TCE 1,2-DCE is approximated by a first-order decay reaction (k1). DCE VC is also a first-order decay reaction with independent decay constant (k2). The BAZ is surrounded by areas of negligible dechlorination activity.
Anatomy of a BAZ
Direction of Flow Contamination (TCE) ADVECTION DISPERSION BIODEGRADATION ADVECTION DISPERSION
ADVECTION DISPERSION
Camelback Mtns .
F'
N
Rid Canal
River
Canal
Site
+1400 ft
70 0
1 0 0 0 ft
Area of detai
MSL
3 mile s
N
50 g/L
/L 5 g
g/ L 0 100
50
500 g/L 100 g/L
L g/ 0
Log(Conc, g/L)
Co-Disposed Substrates
Along with the TCE, over 200,000 gallons of IPA and almost 100,000 gallons of acetone were disposed at the site. The equivalent substrate mass necessary to convert all the TCE to VC was compared with the substrate mass disposed. Enough substrate was co-disposed to consume over 10 times the total TCE disposed at the site.
Concentrations 3000 g/L measured just downgradient of BAZ. Domenico solution was also applied starting at the downgradient edge of the BAZ. The Domenico solution using C0 = 3000 g/L more accurately represents the measured plume 1 2.5 miles downgradient of the BAZ.
Log(Conc, g/L)
3 2 1 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 TCE C0 = 3000 1,2-DCE C0 = 100,000
BIOPLUME II Modifications
Renamed O2 and HC TCE and DCE. Changed biodegradation code to remove TCE from the system and add an equivalent amount of DCE. Model with two spatially variable first-order decay constants for TCE (k1) and DCE (k2). Kept track of difference in molecular weights of TCE and DCE. Tracked the production of VC for mass balance calculations.
Modeled TCE and 1,2 DCE concentrations for 1991 (from Phoenix site)
1 g/L
10 g/L
100 g/L
1000 g/L
10,000 g/L
1 g/L 10 g/L 100 g/L 1000 g/L 10,000 g/L 100,000 g/L
Conclusions
Dechlorination in the subsurface near the source occurs where co-disposed substrates are available, fostering microbial growth. Rapid reduction of contaminant concentration near the source indicates the presence of a BAZ. In the BAZ, the TCE diminishes rapidly (from over 100,000 to 3000 g/L).
Conclusions (cont.)
Off-site, the slow reduction of concentrations indicates the absence of dechlorination. The off-site concentration profile can be approximated with the Domenico solution. Downgradient, the plume resembles the constant source results from the Domenico solution with C0 3000 g/L.
Conclusions (cont.)
Bioplume II model shows both the rapid decline in concentrations across the BAZ and the slow dispersive decline in concentrations downgradient of the BAZ. In a BAZ, a significant portion (> 80%) of the disposed solvent can be degraded. It is important to recognize and properly model different biodegradation mechanisms, including areas of rapid dechlorination.