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Slide PBL 2
Slide PBL 2
GROUP 13
ROSNIDA BT RASLI - 101131868 SHAZWANI BINTI AB. RAHMAN - 101131162
INTRODUCTION
Wastewater containing heavy metals in high concentration bring negatives effects to the environmental. According Raskin and Ensley, 2002, Phytoremediation is the use of plant species to clean up soil and water, is gaining a lot of importance in recent times since it is a cost effective, promising and environmentally friendly technology. Plants have unique ability to concentrate essential and nonessential elements from the soil through the roots This process was apply to mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils and water with plants where it able to contain, degrade or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents, crude oil and its derivatives and various other contaminants from the media that contain them.
OBJECTIVES
To study the wastewater treatment using phytoremediation method. To evaluate the effectiveness between caladium (colocasia esculenta) and water lettuce (pistia stratiotes) in the removal of heavy metals in wastewater
APPLICATIONS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
Phytoextraction Uptake and concentration of metal via direct uptake into the plant tissue with subsequent removal of the plants
Phytostabilisation Root exudates cause metal to precipitate and become less available
MECHANISM OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
The uptake of contaminants in plants occurs primarily through the root system, in which the principal mechanisms for preventing toxicity are found. The root system provides an enormous surface area that absorbs and accumulates the water and nutrients essential for growth along with other non-essential contaminants (Yin Ouyang 2002). Plant roots cause changes at the soil-root interface as they release organic and inorganic exudates in the rhizosphere. These root exudates affect the number and activity of microorganisms, the aggregation and stability of the soil particles around the root, and the availability of the contaminants. Root exudates by themselves can increase or decrease (immobilize) the availability of the contaminants in the root zone of the plants through changes in soil characteristics, release of organic substances, changes in chemical composition and/or increase in plant assisted microbial activity.
METHODOLOGY
AQUATIC PLANT
Caladium Water Lettuce
EXPERIMENT SETUP
The plants were kept in the copper, chromium and nickel solution for 7 days (each concentration 3 ppm and 5 ppm). The control set-up consisted of plants put into containers containing water.
The volume of water in each tank was kept constant and the change in volume due to evapotranspiration was compensated by the addition of deionised water.
RESULT
3.5
5 3 Concentration (mg/l) 2.5 2 1.5 Caladium(Cr) Caladium (Cu) Caladium (Ni)
Concentration (mg/l)
Caladium (Ni)
1
0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 Day 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 Day 6 7 8
CONT
Water Lettuce in Cr, Cu and Ni (3ppm) vs 7day
4 3.5 3 Concentration (mg/L) 2.5 2 1.5 Water Lettuce(Cr) Water Lettuce (Cu) Water Lettuce (Ni) 6
Concentration (mg/L)
1
0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 Day 5 6 7
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Day
PLANT EXTRACTION
Caladium and Water Lettuce vs Cr,Cu and Ni in concentration 3ppm
18 16 14 Concentration (mg/l) 12 10 Caladium 8 6 4 2 0 Cr 3ppm Cu 3ppm Ni 3ppm Water lettuce Concentration (mg/l)
PLANT CONDITION
Leaves Plant Sample initial Caladium Water lettuce Caladium Water lettuce Caladium Water lettuce Cr (3ppm) Cr (3ppm) Cu (3ppm) Cu(3ppm) Ni (3ppm) Ni (3ppm) 3 5 3 5 3 5 final 3 0 3 5 3 3
Colour initial green green green green green green final green yellow green yellow green yellow
80%
60% caladium 40% water lettuce
80%
20%
20%
DISCUSSION
From all observation, Caladium show the better absorption of heavy metal if compare to the Water Lettuce. The high concentration need more time to absorb heavy metal if compare to the lowest one. The heavy metals with 3ppm solution have faster of absorption than 5 ppm solution.
The types of heavy metal in water also affect the ability of plant sample to absorb it. In this experiment, Chromium (Cr) is hard to absorbed totally even after the seventh day if compare to the Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni).
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion that phytoremediation treatment is a promising remediation option for constructed wetlands. The effectiveness of two aquatic plants, Caladium and Water Lettuce, in removing copper, chromium and nickel from copper solutions were investigated. The plant species tested in this study could survive well in the tap water for a period of 7 days. Results obtained indicated that both plants were very effective in removing copper, chromium and nickel. Overall results indicate that both, Caladium and Water Lettuce, can be used for phytoremediation of copper, chromium and nickel contamination in water.