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7-1 Intro To CELLS
7-1 Intro To CELLS
STUDY OF:
Blood cell
Bone cell
Lung cell
Bacteria cell
Leaf cell
Nerve cell Sperm & Egg cells (Sex cells)
Cell
Cell Theory Nucleus Eukaryote Prokaryote
People knew nothing about cells until the discovery of the Microscope. 1665 ~Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells. He is known for making up the word Cell. (Cork plant material)
1683~Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe tiny living organisms in pond water.
Matthias Schleiden (1838) discovered that plants are composed of cells Theodor Schwann (1839) discovered that animals are composed of cells Rudolph Virchow (1855) stated that all cells come from other cells
Janet Plowe (1931) the cell membrane is a physical structure, not an interface between two liquids Lynn Margulis (1970) certain organelles were once free-living cells themselves
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic units of all living things.
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Key Note:
ALL Cells have:
Prokaryotes
smallest & simplest cells
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have a nucleus
Eukaryotes
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lack a nucleus
lack organelles no specialized functions. Example: Bacteria
have organelles
Have specialized functions. Example: plant & animal cells
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria.. Unlike Eukoryotes, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus that houses its genetic material. Rather, the genetic material of a prokaryote cell consists of a large DNA molecule in the cytoplasm
Prokaryotes
One differentiating characteristic is that prokaryotes are asexual, meaning their offspring nearly always bear the exact characteristics of the parent cell. (In fact, the cell essentially replicates itself according to its own DNA and then divides itself from the newly created cell.)
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells - Can be unicellular (protists such as yeast, paramecium and amoebae) or multicellular (a system of division of labor such as fungi, animals, and plants).
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell division in eukaryotes is different from prokaryotes. There are two types of division processes. In mitosis, one cell divides to produce two geneticallyidentical cells. In meiosis, which is required in sexual reproduction, one diploid cell (having two instances of each chromosome, one from each parent) undergoes recombination of each pair of parental chromosomes.
(Eukaryotic)
Plant Cells
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Animal Cells
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have cell walls have chloroplasts have a large vacuole tend to be squared or rectangular
Plant Cell
Cell wall Leucoplast Chloroplast Vacuole
Animal Cell
Lysosome Centriole
Golgi bodies
Ribosome Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleolus
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Assessment
1. With
more sophisticated tools scientists have been able to learn more about the cell and its structures
Assessment
2. Light
microscopes use glass lenses and visible light. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons and magnets
Assessment
3. 1.
all known living things are made up of cells. 2. the cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. 3. all cells come from pre-existing cells by division. (Spontaneous Generation does not occur). 4. cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6. all energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.
Assessment
4. The plasma membrane helps control what goes into and out the cell The organelles carry cell out specialized function in the cell
Further Study